scholarly journals Linguoculturological aspect of composites translation from german into russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
I. S. Kashenkova
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Language Form ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
German Word ◽  
German Newspaper ◽  
Newspaper Text

The article highlights some features of German newspaper texts and related difficulties in translating them into Russian. The topicality of this study is explained by various linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The newspaper text should provide information in an understandable and accessible language form. However, in an effort to produce a greater effect on the reader, as well as to accommodate the maximum amount of information in a compressed form, journalists resort to special techniques to influence the reader, which, in particular, include the use of composites. The main purpose of the article is to remove some of the difficulties of translating composites in the German newspaper text, caused by implicit evaluation or background information (Trümmerfrau, Teflonkanzlerin, N-Wort), which requires additional “decryption” of the overall semantic meaning of the composite. To this end, the article analyzes the specifics of the German newspaper text, establishes the most active types of composites in German newspaper texts. The increased number of complex nouns in German newspaper texts is specified on the principle of linguistic economy, which is intrinsic to German communicative style, and German word formation. Options for translating rather difficult composites into Russian are offered. Attention is drawn to the transfer of the cultural specifics of the original when using lexico-grammatical transformations to preserve the semantic load of the original and its adequate translation. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the cultural specifics of composites in the German newspaper text when translating them into Russian.

Statistical analysis of classification

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
T. J. Deeming
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Narrow Band ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information

If we make a set of measurements, such as narrow-band or multicolour photo-electric measurements, which are designed to improve a scheme of classification, and in particular if they are designed to extend the number of dimensions of classification, i.e. the number of classification parameters, then some important problems of analytical procedure arise. First, it is important not to reproduce the errors of the classification scheme which we are trying to improve. Second, when trying to extend the number of dimensions of classification we have little or nothing with which to test the validity of the new parameters.Problems similar to these have occurred in other areas of scientific research (notably psychology and education) and the branch of Statistics called Multivariate Analysis has been developed to deal with them. The techniques of this subject are largely unknown to astronomers, but, if carefully applied, they should at the very least ensure that the astronomer gets the maximum amount of information out of his data and does not waste his time looking for information which is not there. More optimistically, these techniques are potentially capable of indicating the number of classification parameters necessary and giving specific formulas for computing them, as well as pinpointing those particular measurements which are most crucial for determining the classification parameters.

On completely recursively enumerable classes and their key arrays

1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Decision Procedure ◽  
Cardinal Number ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Infinite Class ◽  
Finite Sets ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Recursively Enumerable ◽  
Finite Set ◽  
Partial Recursive Functions ◽  
Set Up

The two results of this paper (a theorem and an example) are applications of a device described in section 1. Our notation is that of [4], with which we assume familiarity. It may be worth while to mention in particular the function Φ(n, x) which recursively enumerates the partial recursive functions of one variable, the Cantor enumerating functions J(x, y), K(x), L(x), and the classes F and Q of r.e. (recursively enumerable) and finite sets respectively.It is possible to “give” a finite set in a way which conveys the maximum amount of information; this may be called “giving explicitly”, and it requires that in addition to an effective enumeration or decision procedure for the set we give its cardinal number. It is sometimes desired to enumerate effectively an infinite class of finite sets, each given explicitly (e.g., [4] p. 360, or Dekker [1] p. 497), and we suggest here a device for doing this.We set up an effective one-to-one correspondence between the finite sets of non-negative integers and these integers themselves: the integer , corresponds to the set αi, = {a1, a2, …, an} and inversely. α0 is the empty set. Clearly i can be effectively computed from the elements of αi and its cardinal number.

scholarly journals Кореферентные структуры, используемые для представления экономических субъектов в медийном дискурсе

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Сергей Ключенович
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Text Linguistics ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
German Newspaper ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
A Company

The subject of study in the article is the discourse specifics of representation of economic entities in German newspaper and magazine texts of the last two decades. The purpose of the analysis is to elucidate the factors that stimulate univerbation in connection with the generation and textual integration of co-referential structures different in genesis, structural properties, semantic characteristics and stylistic potential. The study, conducted on the basis of a functional-communicative approach to language, relies on methods and results of studies on text linguistics considering text as a whole structural-semantic unit. Conclusions. 1) Mentioning of a company name is accompanied by integration of the univerb indicating the relevant industry into the text. Along with a two-member chain of co-referential nominations, a three-member chain is also possible (the location of a company is mentioned). 2) Co-referential pairs of the type “company name ‒ collective designation of employees according to headquarters location” (Siemens ‒ Münchener) are characteristic, which demonstrates the lability of univerb toponym semantics. 3) The integration of a proper name into the text requires the usage of characterizing common nouns in order to prepare the reader for the perception of unique names, which is a factor motivating univerbation. 4) Synthetic compounds of the nomina agentis type (Autobauer, Stromversorger) are widely used to describe the kind of activity of an enterprise. In such cases a lexeme with the expected semantics is eliminated (Unternehmen ‘company’, Konzern ‘concern’ etc.). The reduction of the base lexeme of a compound as well as representation of the verb lexeme in the form of nomen agentis has an impact on the semantics and stylistics of the univerb. The results of the study can be used both in research activities on problems of word-formation, semantics and in the training of business translators.

scholarly journals Chaotic Quantum Key Distribution

Cryptography ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Noah Cowper ◽  
Harry Shaw ◽  
David Thayer
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Single Photon Emission ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Communication Scheme

The ability to send information securely is a vital aspect of today’s society, and with the developments in quantum computing, new ways to communicate have to be researched. We explored a novel application of quantum key distribution (QKD) and synchronized chaos which was utilized to mask a transmitted message. This communication scheme is not hampered by the ability to send single photons and consequently is not vulnerable to number splitting attacks like other QKD schemes that rely on single photon emission. This was shown by an eavesdropper gaining a maximum amount of information on the key during the first setup and listening to the key reconciliation to gain more information. We proved that there is a maximum amount of information an eavesdropper can gain during the communication, and this is insufficient to decode the message.

Simplified Procedure for Hand Fracturing, Identifying, and Curating Small Macrocharcoal Remains

IAWA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Boutain ◽  
Adam R. Brown ◽  
David T. Webb ◽  
Bryson H. Toyofuku
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Alternative Procedure ◽  
Evacuation Time ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
Simplified Procedure ◽  
Scanning Electron

Charred plant remains are common and significant components of many archeological assemblages, and the proper identification of these remains is essential for an excavation team to gather the maximum amount of information. Identification of charred plant remains, especially of small pieces, can be difficult due to the brittle characteristics of charcoal and changes in anatomical structure due to charring. Charcoal must be snapped, which is difficult for small specimens, or sectioned with time consuming resin embedding procedures. This study presents an alternative procedure in which small (0.7 mm thick) charcoal specimens are produced, attached to specimen mounting stubs used in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and then hand snapped. This procedure consistently produced flat viewing surfaces. It also reduced the air evacuation time in SEM and facilitated the production of replicas.

scholarly journals HOW TO PRODUCE VIDEO LECTURES TO ENGAGE STUDENTS AND DELIVER THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF INFORMATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Alksne
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Amount Of Information ◽  
Video Lecture ◽  
Video Lectures ◽  
Modern Learning ◽  
Instruction Quality

This paper is dedicated to the analysis of literature about video lectures and finding out the conditions and rules for planning and delivering a good video lecture for modern learning. Different publications and materials on the design and delivery experience of video lectures in learning situations have been analysed. The presented set of the design and delivery experience data of video lectures could be used to create more efficient methods of improving the instruction quality of video lectures.

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