scholarly journals Pejorative Lexis as Te Means of Criticism of the 16th Century Russian Realia in the Treatise of the Russe Common Wealth by Giles Fletcher

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
S. V. Mukhin ◽  
D. A. Efremova
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Lexical Aspect ◽  
English Society

Te research aims at analyzing the lexical aspect of foreign criticism of Russia at an early stage of establishing international relations. Te article focuses on the role of pejorative lexis and phraseology used by an English diplomat Giles Fletcher to expose to criticism Russian social, cultural and common realia in his treatise On the Russe Common Wealth written in 1591. Te research fnds out the main objects and grounds of the country’s negative evaluativity dispensed by the author, puts to analysis diverse lexical means with inherent negative evaluation, reveals their functions in the text. Criticism is underpinned by the author’s intention against the historical background of the deteriorating Anglo-Russian relations caused by the competing interests of the two nations. Te part that effects evaluation is the late 16th century English society represented by Giles Fletcher, a public ofcer and politician. Specifc objects of his criticism are persons and groups (monarchs, nobility, peasantry, clergy, etc.), national character of the Russian people, and social institutions (administration, political regime, law and judicial system, fnanceand economy, the Orthodox church, etc.). Criticism of Russian realia in the treatise is mainly manifest on the lexical level by virtue of the extensive use of pejorative substantives and metaphoric idioms. As to the function, negative evaluativity on the lexical level expresses the author’s emotions and presents the characteristics of persons and ethnospecifc phenomena.

scholarly journals Religiøs ikonografi og politisk agitation

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Riis
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Mary ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Considerable Degree ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church ◽  
Religious Aspect

About the painting “The Siege of Constantinople” as found on six churches from the 16th century in Moldavia. In the first decades of the 16th century the late Byzantine iconography flourished in Moldavia on church exteriors. On six churches within a radius of 30 kilometres are found a siege scene, “The Siege of Constantinople”, in connection with a painting of the Akathist Hymn. The article seeks the historical background of the painting in the siege of Constantinople by the Turkish army in 1453. In uncovers, through an interpretation of the painting from the Moldovita Monastery, the Moldavian painters’ knowledge of the fall of Constantinople. At the same time, this was the defeat of the centre of the Orthodox Church to which Moldavia belonged. From the connection with the Akathist Hymn and the explanatory text which follows the painting on the church in Arbore, the religious aspect of the paintings is connected to the Persian siege of Constantinople in 626, where an intervention by Virgin Mary was believed to have saved the city. During the Turkish pressure in the 1530’s, this tradition is moulded into an anti-Turkish ideological manifest in Moldavia. This takes place by altering the historical scene for the events in 626, and in this manner the situation of Moldovia is incorporated into the paintings. The church of Arbore has been painted as the last one and has an account which varies in considerable degree from the five others regarding the historical aspect, because at that time Turkish control of the area increased. However, its religious aspect is still Christian and anti-Turkish. After 1541 the picture is no longer painted, probably because of even stronger Turkish control.

scholarly journals Bishops of the Diocese of Lviv and Peremyshko of the Russian Orthodox Church (Kyiv Metropolitanate) in unified search at the end of the 16th century

2006 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Mykola Shkriblyak
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church

The polemical literature of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, comprehensively covering the issue of unification, had already outlined most of the important issues surrounding the transition of part of the Ukrainian Orthodox clergy to the union with Rome. However, their resolution raises a lot of controversy and ambiguous estimates of this controversial event. Therefore, actualization of this problem in modern science is a natural phenomenon. Today, as V. Shevchenko rightly points out, “the passionate relevance of the unified issue has already acquired the importance of historical urgency”. In addition, the role of the two most influential dioceses of the Kyiv Metropolitanate, Lviv and Peremyshka, which actually defined the fate of both Ukrainian Orthodoxy and Ukrainian Greek Catholicism, has not yet been properly considered and objectively assessed in these processes.

scholarly journals Patronesses of the Orthodox Church from the prince's families of the Ukrainian lands of the Jagiellonian state in the 1st half of the 16th century

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Mykola Yuriiovych Bulanyi
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
Early Modern Time ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Right

The article contains the evolution of the right of patronage using for example women-patronesses from princely families and using them patronage in presenting church lands and giving church positions at the first half of the 16th century at the reign of the Jagiellonian dynasty. Important position for building the image of patroness in Early Modern time was acted in interaction masculine and feminine natures, which were continued traditional community around of some important Church problems in that time. Beside this research was described whole developing of womenʼs patronage though of prism of family relatoins. That's why at women patronage the most ponderable was influence death of relatives or marriages. Also in the article was displayed the development of relationships between different kinds of patrons and described the role of women on the uses of patronage for improvement of Orthodox Church.

scholarly journals The Political Role of Business Magnates in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-334
Author(s):  
Heiko Pleines
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Political Transitions ◽  
Competitive Authoritarianism ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
Politically Active

Abstract This contribution examines the role of business magnates (“oligarchs”) in political transitions away from competitive authoritarianism and towards either full authoritarianism or democracy. Based on 65 cases of competitive authoritarian regimes named in the academic literature, 24 historical cases with politically active business magnates are identified for further investigation. The analysis shows that in about half of those cases business magnates do not have a distinct impact on political regime change, as they are tightly integrated into the ruling elites. If they do have an impact, they hamper democratization at an early stage, making a transition to full democracy a rare exception. At the same time, a backlash led by the ruling elites against manipulation through business magnates makes a transition to full autocracy more likely than in competitive authoritarian regimes without influential business magnates.

POLIVARIABILITY OF THE BASTARD MOTIF IN THE SHORT STORIES BY GUY DE MAUPASSANT: CHARACTER IN SEARCH OF SELF-IDENTIFICATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Oksana Galchuk
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Guy De Maupassant ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of It ◽  
Structural Methods

The theme of illegitimacy Guy de Maupassant evolved in his works this article perceives as one of the factors of the author’s concept of a person and the plane of intersection of the most typical motifs of his short stories. The study of the author’s concept of a person through the prism of polivariability of the motif of a bastard is relevant in today’s revision of traditional values, transformation of the usual social institutions and search for identities, etc. The purpose of the study is to give a definition to the existence specifics of the bastard motif in the Maupassant’s short stories by using historical and literary, comparative, structural methods of analysis as dominant. To do this, I analyze the content, variability and the role of this motive in the formation of the Maupassant’s concept of a person, the author’s innovations in its interpretation from the point of view of literary diachrony. Maupassant interprets the bastard motif in the social, psychological and metaphorical-symbolic sense. For the short stories with the presentation of this motif, I suggest the typology based on the role of it in the structure of the work and the ideological and thematic content: the short stories with a motif-fragment, the ones with the bastard’s leitmotif and the group where the bastard motif becomes a central theme. The Maupassant’s interpretation of the bastard motif combines the general tendencies of its existence in the world’s literary tradition and individual reading. The latter is the result of the author’s understanding of the relevant for the era issues: the transformation of the family model, the interest in the theory of heredity, the strengthening of atheistic sentiments, the growth of frustration in the system of traditional social and moral values etc. This study sets the ground for a prospective analysis of the evolution the bastard motif in the short-story collections of different years or a comparative study of the motif in short stories and novels by Maupassant.

Muscovy and the Tatars

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-431
Author(s):  
Bulat R. Rakhimzianov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
East European ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Forest Line ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article explores relations between Muscovy and the so-called Later Golden Horde successor states that existed during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries on the territory of Desht-i Qipchaq (the Qipchaq Steppe, a part of the East European steppe bounded roughly by the Oskol and Tobol rivers, the steppe-forest line, and the Caspian and Aral Seas). As a part of, and later a successor to, the Juchid ulus (also known as the Golden Horde), Muscovy adopted a number of its political and social institutions. The most crucial events in the almost six-century-long history of relations between Muscovy and the Tatars (13–18th centuries) were the Mongol invasion of the Northern, Eastern and parts of the Southern Rus’ principalities between 1237 and 1241, and the Muscovite annexation of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates between 1552 and 1556. According to the model proposed here, the Tatars began as the dominant partner in these mutual relations; however, from the beginning of the seventeenth century this role was gradually inverted. Indicators of a change in the relationship between the Muscovite grand principality and the Golden Horde can be found in the diplomatic contacts between Muscovy and the Tatar khanates. The main goal of the article is to reveal the changing position of Muscovy within the system of the Later Golden Horde successor states. An additional goal is to revisit the role of the Tatar khanates in the political history of Central Eurasia in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

State-run celebration of Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia (based on audiovisual sources)

2019 ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Timur Gimadeev
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the history of celebrating the Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia organised by the state. Various aspects of the history of the holiday have been considered with the extensive use of audiovisual documents (materials from Czechoslovak newsreels and TV archives), which allowed for a detailed analysis of the propaganda representation of the holiday. As a result, it has been possible to identify the main stages of the historical evolution of the celebrations of Liberation Day, to discover the close interdependence between these stages and the country’s political development. The establishment of the holiday itself — its concept and the military parade as the main ritual — took place in the first post-war years, simultaneously with the consolidation of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia. Later, until the end of the 1960s, the celebrations gradually evolved along the political regime, acquiring new ritual forms (ceremonial meetings, and “guards of memory”). In 1968, at the same time as there was an attempt to rethink the entire socialist regime and the historical experience connected with it, an attempt was made to reconstruct Liberation Day. However, political “normalisation” led to the normalisation of the celebration itself, which played an important role in legitimising the Soviet presence in the country. At this stage, the role of ceremonial meetings and “guards of memory” increased, while inventions released in time for 9 May appeared and “May TV” was specially produced. The fall of the Communist regime in 1989 led to the fall of the concept of Liberation Day on 9 May, resulting in changes of the title, date and paradigm of the holiday, which became Victory Day and has been since celebrated on 8 May.

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