scholarly journals The 43rd Annual Session of St Petersburg Arabists

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-202
Author(s):  
N. G. Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
Annual Session ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

On April 19–21th, 2021, Institute of Oriental Manuscripts (Saint-Petersburg) hosted the 43rd Annual Session of St Petersburg Arabists in tribute to professor O. G. Bolshakov (1929 – 2020). The conference was held for two days under the chairmanship of Associate Professor S. A. Frantsuzov and included morning and afternoon sessions, which covered interesting reports by Arab scholars from St. Petersburg, Moscow and Kazan in person and online. Arabic messages were accompanied by scholarly discussions on various topics on the history of the Middle East and cultural linguistics. More than 35 speakers from different countries including Canada and Switzerland took part in the conference and were able not only to meet their colleagues, but also to take advantage of a spare day between the sessions and to visit unique sights St. Petersburg has to offer. MGIMO University was represented at the scientific conference by N. G. Antonova, lecturer of the Department of Middle East Languages, with a report on the topic The History of Arabisms in the Spanish Language devoted to the analysis of words borrowings, their introduction into the Spanish language, main groups and levels at which the linguistic process took place. A. O. Bolshakov and F. A. Asadullin delivered their reports about a prominent historian and Arabist O. G. Bolshakov who dedicated his life to the study of the history of Caliphate and Islam. Researchers in the field of linguistic cultural studies spoke about Moscow Arabs, development of the theory of jihad, and various aspects of the Arabic language. A lot of speakers touched upon the topic of religion, including pre-islamic beliefs, and the Quran, its translations and editions kept in the museum collections. The representatives of Saint Petersburg State University gave reports on a wide range of linguistic, historic and ethnographic issues. A. A. Mokrushina made an interactive presentation on the special aspects of commercials in Arab countries. Participation in the session of St. Petersburg Arabists served as a valuable opportunity to make a presentation of one’s current research to colleagues-Arabists, to carry out professional and scientific communication, to hold scientific discussions and to gain a deeper understanding of the history and culture of the Arabic language.

New and modern history of the Arab world

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rouben Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Modern History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Oriental Studies

The textbook covers the main events and developments in the recent history of the Arab world. The key issues of the past and present of the major Arab countries are examined. The general patterns, main stages and peculiarities of the historical development of these countries are presented. The work is designed for students of the faculties of “Oriental Studies”, “History” and “International Relations”, as well as wide range of readers interested in the history of the Arab world.

Events in Northern Africa and Middle East: Causes and Consequences

2011 ◽  
pp. 11-25
Author(s):  
I. Labinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Northern Africa ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Oriental Studies

Political developments in North Africa and the Middle East that have begun in January 2011 are gaining strength and involve an increasing number of Arab countries. The participants of the Roundtable – experts from IMEMO, Institute of Oriental Studies (RAS), Institute of the USA and Canada (RAS) and Mrs. E. Suponina from “Moscow News” newspaper analyzed a wide range of issues associated with these events. Among them are: 1) the reasons for such a large-scale explosion, 2) the nature of the discussed developments (revolutions, riots?) and who are the subjects of the current “Arab drama”, 3) the role of Islam and political Islamism, 4) the role of external factors.

Islam and Economic Development: The Case of Non-Muslim Minorities in the Middle East and North Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Muslim Minorities

This chapter investigates a long-standing puzzle in the economic history of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: why do MENA’s native non-Muslim minorities have better socioeconomic (SES) outcomes than the Muslim majority, both historically and today? Focusing on the case of Coptic Christians in Egypt, the largest non-Muslim minority in absolute number in the region, and employing a wide range of novel archival data sources, the chapter argues that Copts’ superior SES can be explained neither by Islam’s negative impact on Muslims’ SES (where Islam is defined as a set of beliefs or institutions) nor by colonization’s preferential treatment of Copts. Instead, the chapter traces the phenomenon to self-selection on SES during Egypt’s historical conversion from Coptic Christianity to Islam in the aftermath of the Arab Conquest of the then-Coptic Egypt in 641 CE. The argument is that the regressivity-in-income of the poll tax on non-Muslims (initially all Egyptians) that was imposed continuously from 641 to 1856 led to the shrinkage of (non-convert) Copts into a better-off minority. The Coptic-Muslim SES gap then persisted due to group restrictions on access to white-collar and artisanal skills. The chapter opens new areas of research on non-Muslim minorities in the MENA region and beyond.

Ottoman Women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Zecevic
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

The emergence of women’s studies in the 1970s and 1980s significantly broadened the scope of sources and methods in the study of the socio-economic, cultural, and legal history of Ottoman women. Basing their research on multigenre documents from Ottoman courts of law, historians began to shed light on the active role of Ottoman women in the economic, religious, and social lives of their communities. From the mid-1980s, much of the scholarship on Ottoman women has espoused methods and theories that emerged in feminist, gender, cultural and postcolonial studies. Critical analyses of 18th- and 19th-century Orientalist texts and images provided ample evidence that the representations of Ottoman women as powerless, idle, and perpetually subjected to sexual exploitation played a key role in the European colonialist and imperialist discourses of alterity. In dismantling such misconceptions, scholars focused on a wide range of documents from Imperial and local archives to demonstrate the agency and power of Ottoman women, and their ability to undermine gendered laws of marriage, divorce, and inheritance. Studies that focused on Ottoman women’s management of property convincingly argued that women made strategic investments to participate in the economic and political sectors of Ottoman societies. In the 1990s and early 2000s, scholars increasingly relied on feminist methodologies in their investigations of the female perspectives on patriarchy, seclusion, and female sexuality. In particular, analyses of women’s magazines, novels, autobiographies and polemics produced by late 19th- and early 20th-century Ottoman women have offered important insights into the female perspective on the “women question” that was on top of the agenda of all male reformers of the late Ottoman Empire. Contemporary scholarship on Ottoman women goes beyond adding women to Ottoman history and refuting the Orientalist clichés. Modern works that destabilize the dichotomies of public/private, male/female, and visible/invisible to address the complexities of Ottoman women’s experiences display a great deal of theoretical and methodological sophistication. In addition, modern-day scholarship on Ottoman women take important steps toward a comparative investigation of the condition of women across the boundaries of ethnic and/or religious affiliation. However, like earlier scholarly works on Ottoman women, modern-day studies are limited by availability of source material. Consequently, much of the history of Ottoman women of modest means, and women who inhabited rural areas of the Empire, remains undocumented and therefore unexamined. This article presents an overview of scholarly works that focus on various aspects of the history of Ottoman women. With the exception of three works, all works are written and/or available in English. Those who are interested in more general topics on Muslim women in the Ottoman Middle East should consult the Oxford Bibliographies in Islamic Studies article “Women in Islam.” Important works on gender and sexuality in the Ottoman Middle East can be found in the Oxford Bibliographies in Islamic Studies article “Gender and Sexuality.”

scholarly journals THE SELECTED PAGES OF THE HISTORY OF PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY IN SAINT PETERSBURG

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vsevolodovich Brzheskiy ◽  
O. V Konikova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Training ◽  
Associate Professor ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Pediatric Ophthalmology ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
History Of ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
The City

The history of pediatric ophthalmology in Saint Petersburg dates back to the opening of the city children’s hospital “in memory of the sacred coronation of their Imperil Majesties” under the patronage of Nikolas II, Emperor of Russia, in 1905. Based at this facility, the Russia’s first department of pediatric ophthalmology was founded in 1935 to be affiliated with Leningrad Pediatric Medical Institute. The department was successively headed by professors V.V. Chirkovsky, L.A. Dymshits, V.I. Grigor’eva, A.I. Gorban’, and E.E. Somov. The present head of the department is professor V.V. Brzheskiy. One more department of pediatric ophthalmology was opened in 1983 based at the Leningrad Institute of Advanced Medical Training. It was successively headed by the associate professor V.V. Kolotov, professors S.S. Saporovsky and R.L. Troyanovsky, E.I. Saidasheva, d-r med. sci. At present, an extensive network of children’s clinics and specialized kindergartens for the children suffering from visual impairment successfully operates in Saint-Petersburg, besides two schools for the blind and visually impaired children, the eye diagnostic centre for the children and adults, and three pediatric ophthalmological hospitals. The city pediatric ophthalmology service is headed by R.V. Ershova. N.N. Sadovnikova is in charge of the Ophthalmological Department of the Clinic of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. The Ophthalmological Department of K.A. Raukhfus municipal city hospital No 19 is headed by A.V. Baranov, PhD, and the Department of Eye Microsurgery at the Leningrad regional Children’s Clinical Hospital by O.V. Diskalenko. The present-day clinical, scientific, and educational potential of the Saint-Petersburg pediatric ophthalmological community formed at the base of many-year experience of the preceding generations of physicians continues to further increase which creates conditions for the formulation and successful achievement of the new ambitious goals.

scholarly journals Accounting Information System Courses: Developing a Hybrid Syllabus in the Era of Digitization

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-167
Author(s):  
Faten F. Kharbat ◽  
◽  
Riham Muqattash ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Accounting Information System ◽  
Course Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status

Technology is becoming a major pillar in many professions. It plays a critical role in developing and enhancing the quality and accuracy of tasks. Because the formal education system is the first place where future employees are educated, it is very important to ensure that educational institutions offer continuously updated technology-related courses that cover a wide range of new and emerging topics. This research has two objectives. First, it explores the validity of the claim that AIS education is of low quality in the Middle East, as stated in some studies. This is conducted through highlighting the status quo for AIS courses in Arab countries within the Middle East by focusing on a representative case study. This part of the work was conducted through a thorough exploration of the universities’ websites and by distributing and analyzing a survey for faculty members in a number of universities. Second, the research performs a deep analysis to develop new, up-to-date, aligned objectives, contents, resources, and assignments in order to create a new, comprehensive syllabus in the higher-education sector that will serve stakeholders from universities to accounting communities. The output of this research identified suitable learning objectives based on current literature and faculty responses. This was followed by designing new course content and assessment tools that are aligned with learner- and competency-centered approaches.

scholarly journals Male Gender is A Risk Factor For Sever Form of COVID-19 Illness and Worse Outcome in The Middle East

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Y Hachim ◽  
Mahmood Y Hachim ◽  
Kashif Bin Naeem ◽  
Haifa Hannawi ◽  
Issa Al Salmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
P Value ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract The identification of risk-factors, predicting the disease severity and outcome in novel coronavirus-disease-19 (COVID-19) patients, is essential to improve responsiveness to this pandemic. The association between gender and wide-range of clinical, pathological, and epidemiological factors was studied in 200-patients recruited during March-April 2020. A higher prevalence of COVID-19 infection in male (72%) compared to females (28%). Age and history of previous comorbidities were nearly comparable between genders (P value 0.75 and 0.97, respectively), male-patients had higher incidence of sever-critical form of the disease (44.67%) compared to only 23.22% in female-patients (P < 0.001). A 26.39% and 1.79% of male and female patients needed Intensive-care-unit (ICU) admission(P < 0.001), respectively. Male-patients developed a significant higher rate of lung injury presented as bilateral airspace consolidation in the plain chest X-ray at admission (38.89%) compared to 23.21% in female patient (P = 0.036%). A significant impairment of the renal-function (P = 0.031) and liver-function tests with higher level of lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) (P < 0.001), serum bilirubin (P < 0.001), alanine-transferase; ALT (P = 0.036), and aspartate-aminotransferase, AST (P = 0.022) in male patients compared to female patients. In conclusion, this is the first detailed analysis in the middle east that thoroughly investigate the role of gender in determining the clinical course and severity of COVID-19 infection. Males compared to their age matched females, with same prevalence of comorbidities were more vulnerable to the sever COVID-19 illness with higher probability for ICU admission.

Review of Studies of Dagestan Arabic-Language Sources of the Post-Soviet Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Ramazan S. Abdulmazhidov
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Post Soviet Period

Materials in the Arabic language, mainly concentrated in Dagestan, occupy the most important place among the sources on the history of the North Caucasus. Its research has started since the 19th century. The academic study of these sources continued with the establishment of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts in 1963 in Makhachkala at the Institute of Language, History and Literature of Dagestan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In the post-Soviet period, Russian orientalists drew attention to a number of still insufficiently studied Arabic-language sources. The research work revealed more new sources that significantly changed established ideas about social, legal and military-political history of Dagestan. Extensive study and translations of several historical chronicles, a wide range of various sources from the period of the Caucasian War were introduced into scientific circulation. Systematic work is underway to study the epistolary sources kept both in the Fund of Oriental Manuscripts of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Makhachkala (it includes now thousands of manuscripts and documents) and in numerous private manuscript collections. Studies of Arabic-language written monuments often remain out of sight not only for a wide range of readers, but also for the historians who specialize on the history of the Caucasus. This article devoted to their review and analysis is intended to fill this gap; it summarizes a certain result of enduring research work directed to the study of these manuscripts, carried out in the post-Soviet period.

scholarly journals Concerning the International scientific conference “Science and Technology in the Years of Storm and Shock (to anniversaries of A. P. Karpinsky and L. S. Berg)”

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4-2021) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
K. S. Kazakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Scientific Session ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The publication is devoted to the international conference, which is held annually at the S. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology of RAS in Saint-Peterburg. In 2021, the conference is dedicated to the anniversaries of A. P. Karpinsky and L. S. Berg. Within the framework of the conference, the St. Petersburg Branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPbF ARAN) traditionally organized scientific session “History of archival affairs, archival funds and collections”, the participants of which discussed a wide range of issues related to the peculiarities of the formation and use of archival documents and collections.

scholarly journals Internet Revolution or Just Fitna: Towards the Tenth Anniversary of the Arab Spring

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-542
Author(s):  
Aleksey Mikhailovich Vasiliev ◽  
Natalia Aleksandrovna Zherlitsina
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
The United States ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Arab States ◽  
The Arab Spring

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the tenth anniversary of the revolutionary events in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), called the Arab Spring. The relevance of the study of the consequences of political transformations in Arab countries is due to the incompleteness of the modernization processes in such areas as public administration, justice and human rights, which gave rise to the discontent of the active part of society, which had initiated the protests. The idea of the research was to compare the causes of popular uprisings, the methods of political struggle, the main actors and the results of the Arab Spring for most of the countries affected by this process. Particular attention has been paid to the growing popularity of Islamist political forces, which have given their answers and pseudo-answers to acute societal issues. With the help of comparative and typological analysis, the peculiarities of different models of political development in the Middle East and North African countries have been studied. Over the past decade, world science has accumulated a significant layer of research on the Arab Spring phenomenon. The authors have taken into account a wide range of opinions of scholars from Europe, the United States, Turkey, Israel, and the Arab states. Aiming to assess the political transformation of the MENA region over the past 10 years, this study analyzes changes in the position of external actors such as Russia and the USA. The authors conclude that the influence of the US as a whole in the region has decreased, while the influence of Russia, Turkey, Iran, and Saudi Arabia has increased. Israel has managed to strengthen its own security by establishing normal relations with a number of Arab states in the region. The popular unrest that erupted again in Iraq, Lebanon, Sudan, Algeria, and Tunisia in 2018-2021 was objectively caused by the same conditions that had given rise to the Arab Spring and with the same uncertain results so far.

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