scholarly journals ANALISIS KANDUNGAN FENOLIK EKSTRAK DAUN JATI (Tectona grandis L.) DENGAN WAKTU DEKOMPOSISI YANG BERBEDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Adriani Astiti
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Vanilic Acid

Teak (Tectona grandis L.) is a plant with strong wood and is resistant to pests and diseases. In addition, its leaf extract is widely used by public as an additive in foods both as a preservative and as an alternative food coloring. The objective of this research was to determine phenolic compounds of teak leaves extracted with three different decomposition times (one, two and three weeks of decomposition). Extraction was conducted by using maceration method in which water was used as solvent. Identification of Phenolics was done by using Gas Chromatography. The results showed that the compounds of vanilic acid, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, cumaric acid, gallic acid, benzoic acid and cafeic acid were identified in the analysis. The concentration and composition of phenolic compounds in the extract was determined by decomposition.

scholarly journals Phenolic Compounds in Cambodian Leaves and Flowers (Plumeria acuminata Ait.) at Various Times Decomposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 08017
Author(s):  
Yuliani ◽  
Yuni Sri Rahayu ◽  
Sari Kusuma Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phenol Compounds ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Vanilic Acid

Phenol compounds are secondary metabolic compounds produced by plants and can cause the surrounding environment to change. This study aims to find out the content of phenolic compounds in cambodian leaves and flowers (Plumeria acuminata Ait.) that are decomposition at different times. The experiment used a complete Randomized Design of factorial patterns consisting of the source factor of old leaf extract, deciduous leaves and flowers and decomposition period (0,1,2, and 3 weeks) with 3 repeats, so that there were 12 combinations of treatments. Data analysis using ANOVA and continued with DMRT. The results showed that cambodian leaves and flowers contained phenol compounds identified as benzoate acid, salicylic acid, vanilic acid and coumarin.

scholarly journals 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolite profiling of guava leaf extract: an attempt to develop a prototype for standardization of plant extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi S. Gholkar ◽  
Jia V. Li ◽  
Poonam G. Daswani ◽  
P. Tetali ◽  
Tannaz J. Birdi
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Guava Leaf

Abstract Background Herbal medicines are fast gaining popularity. However, their acceptability by modern practitioners is low which is often due to lack of standardization. Several approaches towards standardization of herbals have been employed. The current study attempted to recognize key peaks from 1H NMR spectra which together would comprise of a spectral fingerprint relating to efficacy of Psidium guajava (guava) leaf extract as an antidiarrhoeal when a number of unidentified active principles are involved. Methods Ninety samples of guava leaves were collected from three locations over three seasons. Hydroalcoholic (water and ethanol, 50:50) extracts of these samples were prepared and their 1H NMR spectra were acquired. Spectra were also obtained for quercetin, ferulic acid and gallic acid as standards. Eight bioassays reflecting different stages of diarrhoeal pathogenesis were undertaken and based on pre-decided cut-offs, the extracts were classified as ‘good’ or ‘poor’ extracts. The bioactivity data was then correlated with the 1H NMR profiles using Regression or Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). Results OPLS-DA showed seasonal and regional segregation of extracts. Significant models were established for seven bioassays, namely those for anti-bacterial activity against Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholerae, adherence of E. coli, invasion of E. coli and S. flexneri and production and binding of toxin produced by V. cholerae. It was observed that none of the extracts were good or bad across all the bioassays. The spectral analysis showed multiple peaks correlating with a particular activity. Based on NMR and LC-MS/MS, it was noted that the extracts contained quercetin, ferulic acid and gallic acid. However, they did not correlate with the peaks that segregated extracts with good and poor activity. Conclusions The current study identified key peaks in 1H NMR spectra contributing to the anti-diarrhoeal activity of guava leaf extracts. The approach of using spectral fingerprinting employed in the present study can thus be used as a prototype towards standardization of plant extracts with respect to efficacy.

scholarly journals The effects of plant density and irrigation on phenolic content in cauliflower 

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Kałużewicz ◽  
Jolanta Lisiecka ◽  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesiński ◽  
Tomasz Spiżewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Coumaric Acid

This study was conducted to study the influence of plant density and irrigation on the content of phenolic compounds, i.e., phenolic acids and flavonols in cv. ‘Sevilla’ cauliflower curds. Levels of phenolic acids and flavonols were in the range of 3.0–6.2 mg and 25.4–87.8 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively, depending on plant density and irrigation. Of the phenolic acids, caffeic acid was detected in the highest amount, followed by p-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acid. Of the two flavonols detected, the levels of quercetin were higher than those of kaempferol. The content of the detected phenolic acids (with the exception of ferulic acid) and both flavonols increased with increasing plant density. Furthermore, the concentration of phenolic compounds (with the exception of ferulic acid) was significantly higher under irrigation.

Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compound Profile of Pistachio Skins (Pistacia vera L., Cultivars Kallehghuchi and Ohadi)

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Azadedel ◽  
Parichehr Hanachi ◽  
Azra Saboora
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Background: Pistachio, with the scientific name Pistacia vera L., a native plant in Asia, is a member of the Anacardiaceae family. Pistachio nuts and skins are known as a rich source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Objectives: In the current study, the industrial production of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity was investigated because of the high mass production of pistachio skin in Iran. Methods: The extraction of two pistachio cultivars, namely Kalleghuchi and Ohadi were carried out by using two methods (maceration and ultrasonic extraction) and four solvents (acetone 70%, ethanol 50%, methanol 50%, and water). Antioxidant properties of pistachio skins were determined by three methods (Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method, DPPH assay, TLC/DPPH analysis). Results: The results showed that the highest content of total phenolic compounds were measured by ultrasonic and maceration methods related to Ohadi and Kallehghuchi in acetone solvents 17.4 ± 0.04 and 17.26 ± 0.1 mg/g DW, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was measured by ultrasonic and maceration methods related to Ohadi in acetone and water solvents IC50 = 0.057 ± 0.001 and 0.059 ± 0.002 µg/ml, respectively. By TLC/DPPH analysis, gallic acid, 4-hydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxy benzoic acid, tannic acid, and some unidentified compounds were determined. By HPLC analysis, gallic acid, coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, 4-hydroxy-cinnamic acid, and 4-hydroxy benzoic acid were determined. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study clarifies some special biochemical characteristics of pistachio skins. Therefore, according to the results of the study, pistachio skins could be successfully used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

ESTIMATION OF BIOACTIVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF ABIES PINDROW AERIAL PARTS USING TLC DENSITOMETRY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Abies Pindrow ◽  
Solvent Systems

The present investigation was undertaken to estimate contents of bioactive phenolic compounds in A. pindrow aerial parts using TLC densitometry. Maltol, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid were resolved in TLC of methanol extract of plant using solvent systems – chloroform:methanol (9.7:0.3; scanned at 276 nm), toluene:diethyl ether (1:1; scanned at 320 nm), chloroform:methanol:glacial acetic acid (19:1:1; scanned at 266 nm), chloroform:methanol:formic acid (9:1:1; scanned at 295 nm) and chloroform:methanol:acetonitrile: formic acid (12:3:3:2; scanned at 292), respectively. The developed methods for estimation of phenolic compounds in plant were validated as per ICH guidelines. The contents of maltol, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and gallic acid in plant were found to be 0.10280±0.00002, 0.00860±0.00000, 0.00780±0.00001, 0.10030±0.00003 and 0.06440±0.00002% w/w, respectively. On the basis of validation parameters, the developed TLC densitometric methods for estimation of phenolic compounds in the plant were found to precise, accurate and specific.

scholarly journals Ferulic Acid and Salicylic Acid Foliar Treatments Reduce Short-Term Salt Stress in Chinese Cabbage by Increasing Phenolic Compounds Accumulation and Photosynthetic Performance

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2346
Author(s):  
Ida Linić ◽  
Selma Mlinarić ◽  
Lidija Brkljačić ◽  
Iva Pavlović ◽  
Ana Smolko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Psi Function ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Short Term

Salinity stress is one of the most damaging abiotic stresses to plants, causing disturbances in physiological, biochemical, and metabolic processes. The exogenous application of natural metabolites is a useful strategy to reduce the adverse effects of stress on crops. We investigated the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and ferulic acid (FA) (10–100 μM) on short-term salt-stressed (150 mM NaCl, 72 h) Chinese cabbage plants. Subsequently, proline level, photosynthetic performance, phenolic metabolites with special focus on selected phenolic acids (sinapic acid (SiA), FA, SA), flavonoids (quercetin (QUE), kaempferol (KAE)), and antioxidant activity were investigated in salt-stressed and phenolic acid-treated plants compared with the corresponding controls. Salt stress caused a significant increase in SA and proline contents, a decrease in phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and photosynthetic performance, especially due to the impairment of PSI function. SA and FA treatments, with a concentration of 10 μM, had attenuated effects on salt-stressed plants, causing a decrease in proline and SA level, and indicating that the plants suffered less metabolic disturbance. Polyphenolic compounds, especially FA, SiA, KAE, and QUE, were increased in FA and SA treatments in salt-stressed plants. Consequently, antioxidant activities were increased, and photosynthetic performances were improved. FA resulted in a better ameliorative effect on salt stress compared to SA.

PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF THE PLANT CYPERUS TEGETUM ROXB

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
ATANU CHATTERJEE ◽  
RITU KHANRA ◽  
PRANABESH CHAKRABORTY ◽  
HIMANGSHU SEKHAR MAJI
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Spectral Studies ◽  
Isolated Compound

Objective: The objective of the present study is to isolate the lead molecules and the antioxidant activity is also evaluated. Method: Cyperus tegetum Roxb. (Cyperaceae) is found in the tribal area of West Midnapur district of West Bengal, India. It is commonly known as Madur Kathi. Different chromatographic techniques, namely, thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to isolate and identify the different secondary metabolites. Results: The different spectral studies (nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR], infrared [IR], and ultraviolet [UV]) confirmed the presence of stigmasterol as an isolated compound from the extract of C. tegetum (ECT). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, namely, rutin (retention time [Rt]: 3.00), myricetin (Rt: 3.9), and quercetin (Rt: 5.6) and phenolic acids, namely, gallic acid (Rt: 4.0), caffeic acid (Rt: 5.4), chlorogenic acid (Rt: 7.3), and ferulic acid (Rt: 8.8) in ECT. ECT showed strong reducing power, diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate radical, superoxide anion scavenging, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities when compared to standard compounds. Conclusion: From this study, several flavonoid and phenolic compounds were identified by RP-HPLC analysis. Flavonoids are rutin, quercetin, and myricetin and phenolic compounds are gallic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, respectively. The different spectral studies (NMR, IR, and UV) confirmed the presence of stigmasterol as an isolated compound from ECT.

Analysis of Salicylic Acid and Benzoic Acid

1965 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1151-1153
Author(s):  
J D Weber
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ferric Chloride ◽  
Benzoic Acids ◽  
Salicylic Acids

Abstract Salicylic and benzoic acids can be separated on a ferric chloride-urea column. Salicylic acid is retained; benzoic acid is trapped on a Celite:1N sodium bicarbonate column; other phenolic compounds are eluted from both columns. Benzoic and salicylic acids are eluted from their respective columns with acetic acid in ether and chloroform.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PHENOLIC ACIDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF YOUNG AND MATURE LEAVES OF TECTONA GRANDIS L F

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Greeshma Murukan ◽  
Murugan K
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Mature Leaves

Objective: The present study aims in comparison of phenolic acids and its antioxidant potentialities of young and mature leaf extract of Tectona grandis L f.Methods: Various phenolic acids present in methanolic leaf extract of young and mature leaves of T. grandis were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The antioxidant potentiality of the extracts was determined by various analytical methods such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, and metal chelating activity.Results: Methanolic leaf extracts of young and mature leaf of T. grandis showed a pool of phenolic compounds such as gallic, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, ferulic, chlorogenic, sinapic, p-coumarate, and cinnamic acids. Irrespective of the methods used for analyzing antioxidant capacity, young leaf extract showed potent antioxidant potentiality when compared with the mature leaf extract.Conclusion: The methanolic extract of teak leaves is rich source of many phenolic compounds, and these compounds attribute to the antioxidant capacity of the leaves. Meanwhile, by comparing the young and mature leaves, the young leaves showed much more potential than the other. It is, therefore, concluded that the young teak leaves can be used as a good source of natural antioxidant.

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