scholarly journals Perancangan dan Implementasi Alat Pengukur Tingkat Polusi Udara Karbon Monoksida dan Debu Berbasis Website Menggunakan Raspberry Pi

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Riza Samsinar ◽  
Ichsanul Fikri ◽  
Fadliondi Fadliondi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Ultraviolet Rays ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Udara merupakan unsur terpenting  dalam kehidupan manusia. polusi udara      muncul menjadi masalah yang serius di kota-kota besar, polutan yang ada di udara   tersebut berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Udara yang berada disekeliling bumi yang fungsinya sangat penting bagi kehidupan di dunia ini. Dalam udara terdapat unsur oksigen (O2) untuk bernafas, karbon dioksida (CO2) untuk proses fotosintesis oleh klorofil pada daun dan ozon (O3) untuk menahan sinar ultra violet. Susunan (komposisi) udara bersih dan kering, tersusun oleh: Nitrogen (N2) 78,09%, Oksigen (O2) 21,94%, Argon (Ar) 0,93%, Karbon dioksida 0,032%. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut membuat perancangan dan implementasi alat pengukur tingkat polusi udara karbon monoksida dan debu berbasis website menggunakan raspberry pi. Bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar polusi udara karbon monoksida dan debu. Supaya dapat dimonitoring melalui handphone dan laptop. Hasil dari alat perancangan dan implementasi alat pengukur tingkat polusi udara karbon monoksida dan debu. Untuk mengukur sebuah karbon monoksida dan mengukur debu pada polutan di luar ruangan seperti jalan raya yang dapat dimonitoring melalui handphone dan laptop. Dengan pengujian pada waktu berangkat kerja, waktu makan siang, dan waktu pulang kerja.Air is the most important element in human life. Air pollution appears to be a serious problem in big cities, the pollutants in the air are harmful to human health and the environment. The air that surrounds the earth whose function is very important for life in this world. In the air there are elements of oxygen (O2) for breathing, carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis by chlorophyll in leaves and ozone (O3) to withstand ultraviolet rays. Composition (composition) of clean and dry air, composed of: Nitrogen (N2) 78.09%, Oxygen (O2) 21.94%, Argon (Ar) 0.93%, Carbon dioxide 0.032%. To solve this problem, we designed and implemented a website-based carbon monoxide and dust level measuring device using raspberry pi. Aims to determine air pollution levels of carbon monoxide and dust. So that it can be monitored via cellphones and laptops. The results of the tool design and implementation of measuring devices for air pollution levels of carbon monoxide and dust. To measure a carbon monoxide and measure dust in outdoor pollutants such as roads that can be monitored via cellphones and laptops. By testing on the time to go to work, lunch time, and time to come home from work.

scholarly journals Extracting relationship between air pollution and precipitation using spatio-temporal analysis in Tehran metropolis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shokouh Dareshiri ◽  
Mohammadreza Sahelgozin ◽  
Maryam Lotfian ◽  
Jens Ingensand
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Temporal Analysis

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Precipitation is one of the main stages of the water cycle, and it is required for the organisms to survive on the planet. In contrast, air pollution is a phenomenon that has greatly affected the human life nowadays. Population growth, development of factories and increasing number of fossil fuel vehicles are the most influencing factors on air pollution. In addition to understand nature of precipitation and air pollution, finding relationship between these two phenomena is necessary to make appropriate policies for reducing air pollution. Furthermore, studying trends of precipitation and air pollution in the past, is helpful to forecast the times and places with less precipitation and more air pollution for a better urban management. In this study, we tried to extract any probable relationship between these two parameters by investigating their monthly measured amounts in 22 municipal districts of Tehran in three epochs of time (2009, 2013 and 2017). Carbon Monoxide (CO) was considered as the indicator of air pollution. Results of the study show that the parameters have a significant relationship with each other. By using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and One-Way Variance (ANOVA) test, relationship between the data for each month and for each district of Tehran were studied separately. As the time has passed and the air pollution has increased, the correlation between the parameters in districts has decreased. In addition, during the cold months of the year, the correlations decrease since the fact that precipitation is not the only influencing factor on the air pollution due to the rise of air “Inversion”. Finally, the polynomial regression model of carbon monoxide based on precipitation was extracted for each of the three years. The model suggests a degree three polynomial equation. The obtained coefficients from the regression model show that the relationship between parameters was stronger in the years with more rainfalls. This can be due to the more significant impact of other influencing factors on air pollution, such as population density, wind direction, vehicles and factories in the areas or conditions with a less rainfall.</p>

S. I. Engine Pollution Control Using Low-Cost Palletized Catalytic Converter

Volume 2 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhuri Jakkaraju ◽  
Vasudha Patri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

I. C. Engines consume large amounts of fossil fuel emitting harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbons (UBHC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). By using a catalytic converter (CC), the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon emissions can be transformed into less harmful carbon dioxide (CO2) & water vapor (H2O). Currently available CC’s are using costly noble metals like platinum (pt), palladium (pd), rhodium (rh) etc., hence making them expensive. This paper deals with the use of low-cost palletized silver coated alumina as the catalyst element in a CC. In this study, alumina and silver were used in the ratio of 10:1. All tests have been conducted on a stationary S.I. Engine at a constant speed of 1500 r.p.m with and without CC. Also, the performance of the palletized CC in combination with promoters like Bismuth, Cerium and Lanthanum was tested which have shown better results than silver alone as the coating element. It has been experimentally determined that the CO emissions have dropped from 7.25 (% vol) to 3.03(% vol) and the HC values have reduced from 350 ppm to 190 ppm.

scholarly journals Is Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emission an Important Factor Affecting Healthcare Expenditure? Evidence from China, 2005–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen ◽  
Zhuo ◽  
Xu ◽  
Xu ◽  
Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Healthcare Expenditure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Bayesian Quantile Regression ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Relationship

As a result of China’s economic growth, air pollution, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, has caused serious health problems and accompanying heavy economic burdens on healthcare. Therefore, the effect of carbon dioxide emission on healthcare expenditure (HCE) has attracted the interest of many researchers, most of which have adopted traditional empirical methods, such as ordinary least squares (OLS) or quantile regression (QR), to analyze the issue. This paper, however, attempts to introduce Bayesian quantile regression (BQR) to discuss the relationship between carbon dioxide emission and HCE, based on the longitudinal data of 30 provinces in China (2005–2016). It was found that carbon dioxide emission is, indeed, an important factor affecting healthcare expenditure in China, although its influence is not as great as the income variable. It was also revealed that the effect of carbon dioxide emission on HCE at a higher quantile was much smaller, which indicates that most people are not paying sufficient attention to the correlation between air pollution and healthcare. This study also proves the applicability of Bayesian quantile regression and its ability to offer more valuable information, as compared to traditional empirical tools, thus expanding and deepening research capabilities on the topic.

scholarly journals Artikel Review: Produksi Gas Hidrogen dari Reaksi Elektrolisis Sebagai Bahan Bakar Non-Fosil

UNISTEK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Ismi Nurlatifah ◽  
Lily Arlianti
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Clean Environment

In carrying out various activities today, it cannot be separated from the fuel. As we all know, fuels that are still commonly used today are fossil fuels whose energy resources are running low. Not only that, fossil fuels have also been shown to produce air pollution. Unhealthy air conditions can certainly reduce human life expectancy. In order to make the clean environment and not polluted by the air pollution, there must be environmentally friendly fuels. The answer for this kind of fuels is hydrogen which comes from nonfossil. One way to obtain hydrogen is an electrolysis reaction. Water can produce hydrogen through electrolysis. Just a few liters of water, it can produce ten to twenty thousand liters of hydrogen gas per hour. The use of Hydrogen as a non-fossil fuel has been proven to be environmentally friendly and free of carbon monoxide. Healthy air and a clean environment are certainly our responsibility. It's time to switch by using hydrogen fuel.

scholarly journals Concentration modeling of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from cigarette consumption in atmosphere of Isfahan, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirreza Talaiekhozani ◽  
Ali Mohammad Amani ◽  
Zeinab Eskandari ◽  
Reza Sanaye
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Sources ◽  
Pollutants Dispersion

Introduction: Although many studies on Isfahan’s air pollution have been done, there is no report about the effects of cigarette consumption in Isfahan. The aims of this study were (a) to find the amount of nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide emitted by cigarette consumption in Isfahan; and (b) to model the distribution of such pollutants in Isfahan’s atmosphere. Materials and methods: Based on the literature, it is assumed that 15% of Isfahan’s people consume cigarettes and each smoker on average smokes 1,147 cigarettes per year. Based on these assumptions, the 249,000 smokers living in Isfahan consume 285,000,000 cigarettes per year. The amount of pollutant emissions was calculated by existing emission factors for cigarette consumption. Finally, the distribution of the emitted pollutants from cigarette consumption in Isfahan’s atmosphere was modeled using AERMOD. Results: The results illustrated that each year, 2.85 kg nitrogen oxides, 2.85 kg hydrocarbons, 37.05 kg carbon monoxide and 142.5 kg carbon dioxide are emitted into Isfahan’s atmosphere from residents’ smoking. The modeling of pollutants’ dispersion in Isfahan’s atmosphere showed that only some of these pollutants result from cigarette consumption. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the amount of pollutants emitted by cigarette consumption was negligible compared to the other pollutant sources in Isfahan.

scholarly journals Determination of the optimal composition of mixed fuel based on the environmental performance of a diesel engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
S.A. Plotnikov ◽  
◽  
Sh.V. Buzikov ◽  
I.S. Kozlov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Mixed Fuel ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The use of rapeseed oil (RO) in tractor engines and other agricultural machinery in its pure form or a mixture of RO with diesel fuel (DF) imposes a number of limitations associated with some dif-ference in physical and chemical properties. Therefore, the most promising is the use of mixed fuel (MF) consisting of DF and RO. The purpose of these studies is to determine the optimal composi-tion of the MF, consisting of DF and RM by optimizing the approximated dependences of the envi-ronmental indicators of a diesel engine. To solve this problem, bench tests of the operation of the D-245.5S diesel engine (4ChN 11.0 / 12.5) were carried out. The following determined environmental performance indicators of a diesel engine are selected: soot (С), nitrogen oxides (NOx), unburned hydrocarbons (CxHy), carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). The studies were carried out on various compositions of MF, consisting of 80% DF and 20% RO, 55% DF and 45% RO, 20% DF and 80% RO by weight, respectively. As a result of the bench tests, two load characteris-tics were obtained, the one at a speed of n = 1400 min-1 corresponding to the value of the maximum torque, and the second at a speed of n = 1800 min-1 corresponding to the value of the rated power, as well as the external speed characteristic of the D-245.5S tractor diesel engine (4ChN 11.0 / 12.5). The analysis of the obtained experimental data revealed the dependence of environmental indicators on the rotational speed of the diesel engine crankshaft, the average effective pressure and the addi-tion of RO in MF by weight. Using the least squares method, the approximated mathematical de-pendences of the ecological indicators of a diesel engine are determined. The analysis of the ob-tained dependencies showed that: the increase in the crankshaft speed n, the proportion of RO in MF and a decrease in the average effective pressure pe, leads to a decrease in soot С to 4.0%, nitro-gen oxides NOx to 100.0 ppm, unburned hydrocarbons CxHy to 1.0 ppm, carbon dioxide, CO2 up to 2%, and an increase in carbon monoxide CO up to 0.16%. As a result of solving the obtained system of equations for the approximated dependences of environmental indicators, the optimal addition of RO to MF of up to 35% by weight was determined.

scholarly journals Performance and exhaust gases of a diesel engine using different magnetic treatments of the fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6285-6294
Author(s):  
R. Arias Gilart ◽  
M. R. B. Ungaro ◽  
C. E. A. Rodríguez ◽  
J. F. F. Hernández ◽  
M. C. Sofia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Magnetic Treatment ◽  
Static Magnetic Fields ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

In this research, different magnetic treatments were applied to diesel fuel using static magnetic fields of 0.36T of magnetic induction. The magnetic conditioners (MCs) were installed in different positions of the fuel lines in the engine and the magnetic treatment of the diesel was also carried out before introducing it into the engine tanks. The study was conducted using a four-stroke, two-cylinder, Lister Petter (LPWS2) engine with a compression ratio of 23.5:1 and a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm. The emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), nitrogen oxides and the temperature of the exhaust gases and the mass consumption of fuel were measured. The highest levels of reduction were achieved with the magnetic treatments that locate the MC directly in the engine's pipes. As the number of MC in the engine pipes increases, the emissions of polluting gases decrease. With the treatment that locates one MC in front of each injector, two MC at the entrance of the filter and two MC in the return of fuel were able to increase the O2 emissions by 6.9% and decrease the CO emissions in about 21.3% in the last load of the generator set. With this treatment a decrease in fuel consumption of 4.89% to 80% of engine load was obtained.

scholarly journals Elevated Carbon Monoxide to Carbon Dioxide Ratio in the Exhaled Breath of Mice Treated With a Single Dose of Lipopolysaccharide

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi ◽  
Charlotte M. Hirsch ◽  
Azadeh Shojaee Estabragh ◽  
Simone Meinardi ◽  
Donald R. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Different Doses

Background.  Analysis of volatile organic chemicals in breath holds promise for noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of patients, but investigation of this in experimental mouse models has been limited. Of particular interest is endogenous production of carbon monoxide as a biomarker of inflammation and, more particularly, during sepsis. Methods.  Using a nose-only collection procedure for unanesthetized individual adult mice and sensitive gas chromatography of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) of sampled breath, we investigated the responses of mice to one-time injections with different doses of purified Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Two strains of mice were examined: BALB/c and C3H, including an endotoxin-resistant mutant (HeJ) as well as the wild type (HOuJ). Results.  The CO to CO2 ratio increased in a dose-responsive manner within hours in treated BALC/c mice but not control mice. The CO/CO2 values declined to the range of control mice within 48–72 h after the injection of lipopolysaccharide. Breath CO/CO2 values correlated with systemic inflammation biomarkers in serum and heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in blood. C3H/HOuJ mice, but not the HeJ mice, had similar increases of the CO/CO2 ratio in response to the endotoxin. Conclusions.  Carbon monoxide concentrations in exhaled breath of at least 2 strains of mice increase in response to single injections of endotoxin. The magnitude of increase was similar to what was observed with a bacteremia model. These findings with an experimental model provide a rationale for further studies of normalized CO concentrations in human breath as an informative biomarker for staging and monitoring of sepsis.

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