scholarly journals ПОЧВЫ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПЛОЩАДОК И ИХ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ДЕМУТАЦИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ САХАРНЫХ ЗАВОДОВ)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю.Г. Тютюнник ◽  
Л.М. Губарь ◽  
Н.А. Пашкевич ◽  
И.В. Гончаренко
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Genetic Horizon ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Sugar Mills

Industrial technogenesis is considered as an independent soil-forming process resulting in a special type of soils, i.e. industrial soils. Their diagnostic horizon is the genetic horizon FR formed by substances and objects involved in the production cycle and industrial construction. The soil cover of the territories of factories, industrial complexes, mines, power plants, and industrial zones in general is represented by the dominant industrial soils, as well as by other types of altered/man-made soils. In general, industrial soils cannot be regarded as a sort of urban and chemically contaminated soils as it follows from the presented examples of technogenic soil-forming substrates and industrial sites of sugar mills in Ukraine. It is shown that, when the effect of technogenesis is removed or attenuated, the processes of juvenile soil formation and ecological demutation develop on technogenic substrates and industrial sites of sugar mills. The leading natural components of such industrial demutation are sod and humus formation and gley and dealluvial processes. Specific technogenic demutation processes include squeeze-humus formation, elemental sulfur oxidation, lime quenching, etc. During about 100 years of dealluvial inwashing processes in demutating industrial grounds of abandoned sugar mills there may be formed humus horizons of an up to 50 cm capacity, which leads to the formation of young chernozem soils on industrial grounds. Soil-forming substrates and soils of abandoned sugar mills are avidly occupied by vegetation, which forms communities referred to Artemisietea vulgaris, Robinietea and Sisymbrietea classes.

scholarly journals Chemical properties and fertility analysis of dredger-fill silt during soil formation: The tianjin dredge–fill project

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Gu ◽  
Xin Sui ◽  
Guogang Zhang ◽  
Meiqing Jia
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Dredger Fill ◽  
Fertility Analysis

Dredger-fill silt has been used in the port of Tianjin, China to reclaim land; however, the dredger-fill silt has no soil ecological function. Translating the silt into soil rapidly and accelerating the soil-forming process are key to solving the ecological problems of the Dredge–Fill project. This study measured 15 chemical properties of the dredger-fill silt for 8 years of the soil forming process to explore fertility changes and the critical factors affecting soil formation. The results showed that: (1) the salinity of silt changed from severe to mild with a reduction in Na+ and Cl- concentration. Other ion concentrations changed slightly. (2) Effective nutrients significantly decreased during soil formation. Soil organic matter (SOM)，the nitrate-nitrogen, available phosphorus (A-P) and available potassium (A-K) decreased by 26.22%, 86.23%, 45.92%, 33.61% respectively, indicating severe nutrients loss. (3) Principal component analysis showed that silt fertility decreased significantly and the total soil fertility loss was severe. This study has significance for the artificial improvement of silt.

scholarly journals Industrial experiment on electrodialized separation of highly concentrated multicomponent technological solutions at thermal power plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
A. A. Filimonova ◽  
N. D. Chichirova ◽  
A. A. Chichirov ◽  
A. I. Minibaev
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Alkaline Waste

The main sources of highly concentrated multicomponent technological solutions at thermal power plants (TPPs) are water treatment plants. Analysis of operation of the ion-exchange water treatment plant at the Nizhnekamsk Thermal Power Plant-1 showed that half of alkali supplied to regeneration of the anion-exchange alkali filters is not used, but is discharged for neutralization and then to wastewater. Due to the fact that the cost of alkali used in technological processes is quite high, it is economically feasible to process the alkaline waste with the alkali extraction and its reuse in the production cycle. The article presents the experimental results on the electro-membrane separation of alkaline waste regeneration solutions and wash water after anion-exchange filter regeneration. The revealed differences in the selectivity of various ion transfer through the electrodialysis apparatus membranes, depending on time and amount of transmitted electricity, allowed us to establish the possibility of obtaining an alkaline solution purified from impurities.

Capacity of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage in China consistent with the global remaining carbon budget

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Budget ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Forestry Residues ◽  
And Storage

<p><strong>Bioenergy</strong> <strong>with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is one of negative-emission technologies that must be applied if we are to achieve the 1.5 °C, or even the 2 °C, warming targets of the Paris Agreement. As a start, existing coal-fired power plants could be retrofitted to co-fire with biofuel from agricultural and forestry residues, but the potential and costs of BECCS are as yet unassessed. Here, we modelled an optimal county-scale network of BECCS in China, by considering: spatial information on biofuel feedstock; power-plant retrofitting to increase the use of biofuel; biofuel transport to power stations and CO<sub>2</sub> transport to geological repositories for carbon storage; and BECCS life-cycle emissions. BECCS at marginal costs of $100 per tonne CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent (t CO<sub>2-eq</sub>)<sup>-1</sup> could abate net CO<sub>2-eq</sub> emissions by up to </strong><strong> Gt yr<sup>-1</sup>, assuming that CO<sub>2</sub> emitted by power plants could be captured at 90% efficiency and accounting for additional emissions of greenhouse gases from the production cycle of BECCS. Because of the huge stock of useable agricultural and forestry residues in China, this carbon price leverages 20 times more mitigation of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by BECCS in China than in western North America. To cap cumulative emissions over 2011-2030 from China’s power sector at 5% of the global remaining carbon budget for the 2 °C limit since 2011, BECCS would require marginal costs of $</strong><strong> (t CO<sub>2-eq</sub>)<sup> -1</sup>, or the equivalent of investing 0.45% of GDP to generate 1.22 PWh yr<sup>-1</sup> of electricity by 2030; this would abate 35% more carbon emissions than the announced nationally determined contribution by China. These results clarify the economics of emission abatement by BECCS in China, suggesting that using the available domestic biofuel feedstock has the potential to make a great contribution to global carbon emission mitigation.</strong></p>

scholarly journals Detecting Organic Materials in Fly Ash using Chromatographic Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Abstract: Fly ash, a byproduct of coal-fired power plants, is entirely inorganic and inert, making it unfit for life. In Korba, fly ash is deposited in dykes, which are open embankments. The quest for organic compounds was critical because the humus formation is a revolution in fly ash, and just it will be capable of supporting life forms. This was conducted in the dykes to verify the organic materials source in fly ash, namely, whether they are originated from coal, furnace start-up oil, or animals and plants that grew in the area. Thin layer chromatography and ascending paper chromatography in a liquid medium were used as the method.

scholarly journals On the Study of the Humus State of Meadow Brown Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Aliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Humus State ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Abstract. The studies carried out and the results obtained on the humus state of meadow brown soils are fully consistent with the literature. The change in the humus content in the soils of the meadow soil formation process depends on the effect of surface and ground moisture on humus formation. Studies have revealed that the humus content in meadow brown soils decreases gradually and relatively evenly with depth. For meadow soils with a meadow process of soil formation, there is a general tendency for a decrease in humus from the upper horizons to the lower ones.

Diagnosis of eluvial-illuvial profile differentiation processes in Pre-Carpathian soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-231
Author(s):  
Ivan Smaga
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Illuvial Horizon ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Important Sign ◽  
System Of Parameters

Elementary soil processes, as components of the soil-forming process, play an important role in the formation of morphological and genetic features of soils and are used for their genetic diagnosis. Eluvial-illuvial differentiation of the background profile for Precarpathian soils is due to the passage of processes from the group of eluvial, in particular podzolization, silting and gley-eluvial. The diagnostic criteria for these processes remain controversial and need further development. The article provides some justifications for their objectivity and reliability in identifying individual processes of soil formation and the results of establishing the genetic consequences of their passage. The formation of clay cutanes in the illuvion is considered to be an important sign of lessivage, but the presence of one and a half oxides may also indicate the passage of the processes of podzolization and in-soil clay forming According to another criterion - the presence of "optically oriented clays" in the illuvion is difficult to establish their migration path and the intensity of the lessivage process. Increasing the value of the ratio of silt content to the content of physical clay in the illuvial horizons compared to the eluvial horizons does not allow to distinguish the processes of podzolization and lessivage, and the same ratio in the illuvial horizon compared to the parent rock - lessivage and clay forming. Changes within the profile of the mineral part of the soil, which are reflected by the molecular ratios of SiO2:Al2O3 and eluvial-accumulative coefficients of aluminum, the values of silt and aluminum losses, also the profile distribution of montmorillonite are important criteria for the separation of loess and podzolization and indicate the decisive role of the latter in the formation of the profile differentiation of the soils of Precarpathians. Important criteria for gley-eluvial processes are higher losses from the upper podzolic illuminated of Fe2O3 layer than Al2O3, an increase in the molecular ratio of Al2O3:Fe2O3, the ratio of losses of Fe2O3 and Al2O3, also increase the criterion SiO2:Fe2O3/SiO2. Complementing the national system of parameters for the diagnosis and classification of soils with criteria that are characteristic of the substantive-genetic approach according to the WRB requires further study.

Assessing the suitability of chemical ameliorants for reducing bio-availability of heavy metals in bulk fly ash contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Kumar Mandal ◽  
Siddhartha Mukherjee ◽  
Niharendu Saha ◽  
Nibedan Halder ◽  
Sanjoy Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Management Option

Abstract In-situ rehabilitation of fly ash at dumping sites has been rarely addressed for crop production due to growth-related constraints, largely of heavy metal (HM) contamination in soils and crops. Current communication deals with a novel approach to identify a suitable management option for rejuvenating the contaminated soils. In this background, a 60-days incubation experiment was conducted with different fly ash-soil mixtures (50 + 50%, A1; 75 + 25%, A2; 100 + 0%, A3) along with four ameliorants, namely, lime (T1), sodium sulphide (T2), di-ammonium phosphate (T3), and humic acid (T4) at 30 ± 2 0 C to assess the ability of different fly ash-soil-ameliorant mixtures in reducing bio-availability of HMs. DTPA-extractable bio-available HM contents for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) and their respective ratios to total HM contents under the influence of different treatments were estimated at different stages of incubation. Further, the ecotoxicological impact of different treatments on soil microbial properties was studied. A1T1 significantly recorded the lowest bio-availability of HMs (~ 49–233% lower) followed by A2T1 (~ 35–133%) among the treatments. The principle component analysis also confirmed the superiority of A1T1 and A2T1 in this regard. Further, A1T1 achieved low contamination factor and ecological risk with substantial microbial biomass carbon load and dehydrogenase activity. Thus, liming to fly ash-soil mixture at 50:50 may be considered as the best management option for ameliorating metal toxicity. This technology may guide thermal power plants to provide the necessary package of practices for the stakeholders to revive their contaminated lands for better environmental sustainability.

Pedological trends and implications for forest productivity in a Holocene soil chronosequence, Calvert Island, British Columbia, Canada.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Ann Nelson ◽  
Paul Sanborn ◽  
Barbara J. Cade-Menun ◽  
Ian James Walker ◽  
Olav B. Lian
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Genetic Horizon ◽  
Congruent Dissolution ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

Chronosequence studies of soil formation and ecosystem development provide important insights into the pathways and rates of change occurring on centennial and millennial time scales. In cool or temperate humid environments, Podzols are the predominant soil type formed under coniferous forests in coarse-textured parent material and have been a major focus of chronosequence studies. This study examined the rate and mechanisms of Podzol development and related forest productivity in a sand dune chronosequence in a hypermaritime climate in coastal British Columbia (BC). The sequence spans 10,760 ± 864 years over eight sites and is the first documented chronosequence in coastal BC to span most of the Holocene Epoch. Soil samples from each genetic horizon were analyzed for bulk density, pH and concentrations of total carbon (C), pyrophosphate- and oxalate-extractable aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe), and total elements. Within ~3,500 years a mature Podzol had formed, with cemented horizons (ortstein and placic) present. Organo-metallic complexation appeared to be the dominant mechanism involved in podzolization . Despite a mild, moist climate conducive to chemical weathering, all soils had similarly low values for the Chemical Index of Alteration, suggesting that congruent dissolution of primary minerals may be occurring. Ecosystem retrogression is apparent in the latter stages of the chronosequence – a phenomenon not previously documented in coastal BC. Further research is needed to examine the interactions of nutrient limitation, soil physical barriers, and other possible drivers of ecosystem retrogression.

Établissement d'une méthode de caractérisation minéralogique décrivant les sols contaminés par le plomb

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josée Duchesne ◽  
Guy Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Average Proportion ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Extraction Of Metals ◽  
Selection Of

Many metal-contaminated soils originate in old abandoned industrial sites. One of the problems encountered in the reclamation of soils lies in the selection of the decontamination techniques. Few data are available to predict the efficiency of the extraction of metals from the contaminated soils. Moreover, a signifiant part of the contamination is often found as particles. These can be extracted from the soils by means of mineralurgical separation techniques. A trial and error procedure is often used for selecting the technique and the procedure parameters. The purpose of this study is to develop a method of mineralogical characterization for the identification and localisation of the metal contamination so as to allow a more enlightened choice of the mineralurgical treatments. Besides the identification of the contaminant particles, the method takes into account the distribution of contaminants, which can be found on the surface of the particles or included within the volume of the particle, the average proportion and the size of the contaminants in the contaminated particles, and the association of the iron oxide contaminant. The frequency of appearance of the particles depending on the different categories of the method guides the choice of the treatment technologies to be used so as to optimize the extraction of contaminant particles.Key words: metals, contamination, soils, lead, mineralurgical techniques, mineralogy.[Journal translation]

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