Studies on Regulation of Xylanase Bio-Synthesis by Trichoderma reesei SAF3

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kar ◽  
Asish Mandal ◽  
Saptadip Samanta ◽  
Bikash Ranjan Pati ◽  
Keshab Chandra Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Bio Synthesis

Cellulase production and morphology of Trichoderma reesei in different experimental conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Rahela Carpa ◽  
◽  
Alin Cândea ◽  
Alexei Remizovschi ◽  
Lucian Barbu-Tudoran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Plant mortality and seedling recruitment responses to flupropanate in grassland populations of Nassella trichotoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.W. Bourdôt ◽  
S. Jackman ◽  
D.J. Saville
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Bio Synthesis

Flupropanate (sodium 2,2,3,3 tetrafluoropropanate), a slow-acting lipid bio- synthesis-inhibiting herbicide, was recently registered in New Zealand as Taskforce (745 g/L flupropanate as the sodium salt) for the selective and long-term control of Nassella trichotoma (nassella tussock) in pastures. In five dose-response experiments in permanent hill pastures in Canterbury, conducted between 2012 and 2016, we measured the efficacy of the herbicide against established plants of N. trichotoma and its residual activity against recruiting seedlings. Mortality, as an average across the five sites, was 93% 1.5 years after applying 1.49 kg flupropanate/ha (the label-recommended rate), and 100% at 2.98 kg/ha. This indicates that an application rate higher than the label rate will be necessary for complete control of a N. trichotoma infestation. The presence of 1,000 and 6,250 visible seedlings of N. trichotoma/ha in the autumn 3.2 and 2.1 years after applying 1.49 kg flupropanate/ha (at a Greta Valley and Scargill site respectively) indicates that the herbicide’s soil residues had decayed within 12 months to a concentration lower than necessary to kill the germinating seedlings of N. trichotoma.

Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Biosynthesised Silver and Gold Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: Mechanism of Action, Toxicity and Current Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundos Suleman Ismail Abdalla ◽  
Haliza Katas ◽  
Fazren Azmi ◽  
Mohd Fauzi Mh Busra
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Silver And Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characterization ◽  
Biosynthesized Agnps ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Bio Synthesis

Fast progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology has contributed to the way in which people diagnose, combat, and overcome various diseases differently from the conventional methods. Metal nanoparticles, mainly silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively), are currently developed for many applications in the medical and pharmaceutical area including as antibacterial, antibiofilm as well as anti-leshmanial agents, drug delivery systems, diagnostics tools, as well as being included in personal care products and cosmetics. In this review, the preparation of AgNPs and AuNPs using different methods is discussed, particularly the green or bio- synthesis method as well as common methods used for their physical and chemical characterization. In addition, the mechanisms of the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of AgNPs and AuNPs are discussed, along with the toxicity of both nanoparticles. The review will provide insight into the potential of biosynthesized AgNPs and AuNPs as antimicrobial nanomaterial agents for future use.

Identification and characterization of a novel gene, TrCCD1, and its possible function in hyphal growth and conidiospore development of Trichoderma reesei

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Hua Zhong ◽  
Tian Hong Wang ◽  
Xiao Li Wang ◽  
Guang Tao Zhang ◽  
Hai Na Yu
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Novel Gene ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals The Metabolic Fates of Pyruvate in Normal and Neoplastic Cells

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Edward V. Prochownik ◽  
Huabo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Initial Substrate ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Bio Synthesis

Pyruvate occupies a central metabolic node by virtue of its position at the crossroads of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and its production and fate being governed by numerous cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The former includes the cell’s type, redox state, ATP content, metabolic requirements and the activities of other metabolic pathways. The latter include the extracellular oxygen concentration, pH and nutrient levels, which are in turn governed by the vascular supply. Within this context, we discuss the six pathways that influence pyruvate content and utilization: 1. The lactate dehydrogenase pathway that either converts excess pyruvate to lactate or that regenerates pyruvate from lactate for use as a fuel or biosynthetic substrate; 2. The alanine pathway that generates alanine and other amino acids; 3. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex pathway that provides acetyl-CoA, the TCA cycle’s initial substrate; 4. The pyruvate carboxylase reaction that anaplerotically supplies oxaloacetate; 5. The malic enzyme pathway that also links glycolysis and the TCA cycle and generates NADPH to support lipid bio-synthesis; and 6. The acetate bio-synthetic pathway that converts pyruvate directly to acetate. The review discusses the mechanisms controlling these pathways, how they cross-talk and how they cooperate and are regulated to maximize growth and achieve metabolic and energetic harmony.

scholarly journals cAMP activates calcium signalling via phospholipase C to regulate cellulase production in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumeng Chen ◽  
Xingjia Fan ◽  
Xinqing Zhao ◽  
Yaling Shen ◽  
Xiangyang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Phospholipase C ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Filamentous Fungus ◽  
Calcium Signalling ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transduction Pathway

Abstract Background The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei is one of the best producers of cellulase and has been widely studied for the production of cellulosic ethanol and bio-based products. We previously reported that Mn2+ and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) can stimulate cellulase overexpression via Ca2+ bursts and calcium signalling in T. reesei under cellulase-inducing conditions. To further understand the regulatory networks involved in cellulase overexpression in T. reesei, we characterised the Mn2+/DMF-induced calcium signalling pathway involved in the stimulation of cellulase overexpression. Results We found that Mn2+/DMF stimulation significantly increased the intracellular levels of cAMP in an adenylate cyclase (ACY1)-dependent manner. Deletion of acy1 confirmed that cAMP is crucial for the Mn2+/DMF-stimulated cellulase overexpression in T. reesei. We further revealed that cAMP elevation induces a cytosolic Ca2+ burst, thereby initiating the Ca2+ signal transduction pathway in T. reesei, and that cAMP signalling causes the Ca2+ signalling pathway to regulate cellulase production in T. reesei. Furthermore, using a phospholipase C encoding gene plc-e deletion strain, we showed that the plc-e gene is vital for cellulase overexpression in response to stimulation by both Mn2+ and DMF, and that cAMP induces a Ca2+ burst through PLC-E. Conclusions The findings of this study reveal the presence of a signal transduction pathway in which Mn2+/DMF stimulation produces cAMP. Increase in the levels of cAMP activates the calcium signalling pathway via phospholipase C to regulate cellulase overexpression under cellulase-inducing conditions. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the cAMP–PLC–calcium signalling pathway underlying cellulase expression in T. reesei and highlight the potential applications of signal transduction in the regulation of gene expression in fungi.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological characterization of a diverse group of sugar transporters from Trichoderma reesei

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Havukainen ◽  
Jonai Pujol-Giménez ◽  
Mari Valkonen ◽  
Ann Westerholm-Parvinen ◽  
Matthias A. Hediger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Electrophysiological Characterization ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractTrichoderma reesei is an ascomycete fungus known for its capability to secrete high amounts of extracellular cellulose- and hemicellulose-degrading enzymes. These enzymes are utilized in the production of second-generation biofuels and T. reesei is a well-established host for their production. Although this species has gained considerable interest in the scientific literature, the sugar transportome of T. reesei remains poorly characterized. Better understanding of the proteins involved in the transport of different sugars could be utilized for engineering better enzyme production strains. In this study we aimed to shed light on this matter by characterizing multiple T. reesei transporters capable of transporting various types of sugars. We used phylogenetics to select transporters for expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes to screen for transport activities. Of the 18 tested transporters, 8 were found to be functional in oocytes. 10 transporters in total were investigated in oocytes and in yeast, and for 3 of them no transport function had been described in literature. This comprehensive analysis provides a large body of new knowledge about T. reesei sugar transporters, and further establishes X. laevis oocytes as a valuable tool for studying fungal sugar transporters.

scholarly journals Bispericyclic Diels–Alder Dimerization of ortho‐Quinols in Natural Product (Bio)Synthesis – Bioinspired Chemical 6‐Step Synthesis of (+)‐Maytenone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe A. Peixoto ◽  
Mourad El Assal ◽  
Isabelle Chataigner ◽  
Frédéric Castet ◽  
Anaëlle Cornu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Bio Synthesis

scholarly journals Nutritional impact of partial or complete replacement of clover hay by untreated or biologically treated rice straw and corn stalks on: 1. growth performance and economic evaluation of growing New Zealand (NZW) White rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed A. A. Omer ◽  
Sawsan M. Ahmed ◽  
Roshdy I. El-Kady ◽  
Aly A. El-Shahat ◽  
Mahmoud Y. El-Ayek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Trichoderma Reesei ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Background Agriculture by-products are considered a great potential value for utilization by ruminants as well as rabbits. They usually can be the maintenance and part of the production requirements. However, in developing countries, as well as in Egypt, animals suffer from shortage of feeds that are continuously increasing in costs. In general, biological treatments were shown to be the most effective and improved chemical composition of rice straw or corn stalks. Method This work aimed to investigate the possible ways of utilizing rice straws or corn stalks in rabbit feeding. The field work is designed to study the effect of biological treatment of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on rice straws and Trichoderma reesei cultivated on corn stalks and replacing clover hay by rice straws and corn stalks at levels of 0, 33, 66, and 100% either without or with microbes adding. Seventy-eight New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits aged 4–5 weeks (565 ± 13.57 g) were randomly divided into thirteen equal experimental groups. Results Untreated rice straws or biologically treated with Pleurotus ostreatus increased their contents of crude protein (CP) by 178.75 and 224.5% and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) by 6.30 and 24.53, respectively. Meanwhile, crude fiber (CF) content was reduced by 31.32 and 56.75%, and organic matter content was decreased by 2.81 and 5.51%, respectively, in comparison with the raw rice straws. Also, biological treatment of rice straws caused a decrease in values of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and hemicellulose contents in comparison with either raw or treated rice straws. Furthermore, biological treatment with Trichoderma reesei realized a decrease in organic matter (OM), CF, NDF, and ADF and increased CP and ash contents in corn stalks. NFE content of corn stalks was decreased as a result of treatment without or with Trichoderma reesei experimental rations by 11.95% and 3.82% compared to raw corn stalks (CS). Biological treatments with fungi significantly (P < 0.05) improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion. ADG and feed conversion were significantly (P < 0.05) improved when rabbits were fed diets containing rice straw (RS) compared to that fed CS. Rabbits fed diets replaced clover hay (CH) with 33% or 66% of RS or CS significantly increased ADG compared to control and that replaced 100% of both RS and CS containing rations. Levels of replacing had no significant effect on their dry matter intake (DMI) values. The highest improvement in feed conversion was recorded with rabbits that received diets replaced 33% of berseem hay (BH) by RS or CS, followed by that replaced 66% of BH by RS or CS. There were significantly interactions between biological treatments (T), roughage source (S), and replacement levels (L) (T × S × L) only on ADG. The best fed conversion was realized by rabbits fed diet replaced BH with 33% of RS that are treated by Pleurotus ostreatus (4.05 g DMI/g gain). Rabbits fed 33% biologically treated rice straw with Pleurotus ostreatus showed the highest economic efficiency (179%) followed by rabbits that received 33% of both rice straws treated without Pleurotus ostreatus and rabbits that received corn stalks biologically treated with Trichoderma reesei (161%). Conclusion Biological treatments of rice straws by Pleurotus ostreatus or corn stalks by Trichoderma reesei were safe, and it improves their chemical analysis and improved both daily gain and feed conversion, decreasing the costing of diet formulation which consequently decreased the price of 1-kg live body weight.

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