scholarly journals From Authoritarian to Democracy in Indonesia: A Costly Fiction of Sustainable Human Security?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
H.B. Patriadi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Economic Achievement ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Critical Aspects

Empirically successful stories of both authoritarianism and democracy in materializing economic achievement as well as securing political stability may make some people confused in evaluating the two systems, whether they are suitable for humanism or not. There have been contested views on their virtues related to the preservation of human security as one of the most critical aspects of humanism. This study investigates which one of the two existing political regimes is more suitable for the sustainability of secured human security. Relying on the case of Indonesia, which experienced in adopting the two different political regimes, I argue that in the long run democracy is better and conducive for securing sustainable human security than authoritarianism. This study used a qualitative method enriched by diachronic approach. Keywords: authoritarianism; democracy; human security.

scholarly journals Political Stability and its Impact on Economic Growth of Pakistan (1988-2018): A Time Series Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
Majid Hussain Phul ◽  
Muhammad Saleem Rahpoto ◽  
Ghulam Muhammad Mangnejo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This research paper empirically investigates the outcome of Political stability on economic growth (EG) of Pakistan for the period of 1988 to 2018. Political stability (PS), gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), total labor force (TLF) and Inflation (INF) are important explanatory variables. Whereas for model selection GDPr is used as the dependent variable. To check the stationary of time series data Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root (UR) test has been used,  and whereas to find out the long run relationship among variables, OLS method has been used. The analysis the impact of PS on EG (EG) in the short run, VAR model has been used. The outcomes show that all the variables (PS, GFCF, TLF and INF) have a significantly positive effect on the EG of Pakistan in the long run period. But the effect of PS on GDP is smaller. Further, in this research we are trying to see the short run relationship between GDP and other explanatory variables. The outcomes show that PS does not have such effect on GDP in the short run analysis. While GFCF, TLF and INF have significantly positive effect on GDP of Pakistan in the short run period.

scholarly journals Moderating Effect of Political Instability on ICT and Economic Growth Nexus in Kenya: ARDL Bound - Co-Integration Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matundura Erickson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
The Relationship

The government has attempted to target specific macroeconomic factors in order to stimulate economic growth in Kenya through monetary and fiscal policies. Despite these efforts, Kenya's GDP growth is hampered by high interest rates and high interest rate volatility. Kenya's ability to address macroeconomic instability hinges on its ability to increase economic growth. Auxiliary evidence shows that perspectives on the relationship between ICT and economic growth are segmented. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of ICT on economic growth in Kenya, as well as the moderating effect of political instability on the relationship. The research was based on Solow's theory of growth. An explanatory research design was used, with data spanning from 1990-2020 obtained from Kenya Bureau of Statistics. In the empirical analysis, the study used the bound test to test for a long-run relationship and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) to evaluate the relationship between the variables. The data was subjected to an Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test to determine stationarity.The long run ARDL results indicated that the coefficients of; ICT rate were insignificant . However with the introduction of political instability as the moderator ICT was significant and positively affected economic growth. Political instability moderated the relationship between ICT ( and economic growth. As a result, promoting effective governance should help to improve political stability. The findings of this study will help the government figure out how to address the problem of low economic growth. According to the study, the government should invest in the ICT sector to improve its accessibility and affordability. Additionally, the government should work to improve political stability and good governance by gradually establishing institutions that uphold the rule of law and provide security.

Modelling the Nexus Between Foreign Aid and Economic Growth: A Case of Afghanistan and Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Ashiq Villanthenkodath ◽  
Ubaid Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
And Control

This paper tries to explore the existence of a long-run relationship between foreign aid and economic growth by using the data from the two highest foreign aid recipient countries. Using the annual time series data from 1965 to 2017 this study uses several econometric models such as Johansen and Juselius cointegration, Granger causality and vector auto regression to establish the long and short-run relationships among foreign aid inflows and economic growth while also considering financial development and trade openness from both the countries. The empirical results suggest that no long-run relationship exists among foreign aid inflows and economic growth for both the countries. However, unidirectional causality running from foreign aid to economic growth is indicative in both countries. Therefore, the findings in this paper support the adequate need for foreign aid for effective economic growth amid an upright policy environment, related issues of conditionality and political stability. Our results are robust to independent, and control variables and estimation techniques are also on par with robustness.

Fiscal Institutions and Macroeconomic Management in the United Arab Emirates

2019 ◽  
pp. 356-426
Author(s):  
Raimundo Soto
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Fiscal Institutions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
Macroeconomic Management

The UAE has seemingly escaped “the natural resource curse”: it is one of the richest countries in the world and ranks comparatively highly on business environment, infrastructure, and institutional development. Symptoms of the curse can nevertheless be found in the very low growth in labor productivity, massive public sector overemployment, and the inability to counteract instability induced by oil price cycles. This chapter shows that fiscal policy is highly ineffective as a countercyclical tool due to the absence of income and ad-valorem taxes. Stabilizing instruments—such as open-budgeting procedures or fiscal rules—are notoriously absent. Why would a country design its fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies so that they allow for high levels of pro-cyclicality, thereby hampering efficiency and long-run growth? A political economy explanation is developed whereby weak fiscal institutions are an agreed-upon mechanism to secure political stability and transfer oil wealth among emiratis and to future generations.

Do Governance Indicators Matter for Economic Growth? The Case of Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-450
Author(s):  
T. Vinayagathasan ◽  
R. Ramesh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Scatter Plot ◽  
Correlation Test ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Traditional Approaches

This study attempts to identify the impact of governance indicators on economic growth using time series data for Sri Lanka from 1996 to 2016 published by the World Bank. The Phillips–Perron (PP) unit root test confirmed that all the variables are integrated in order one and suggested the use of cointegration technique to identify the long-run relationship between the variables. All the lag length selection criteria except Schwarz Information Criterion (SIC) advocated the use of one lag as an optimal lag length for this study. Johansen cointegration method detected three cointegrating relationships among the variables. Further, this technique identified a significant and positive relationship between government effectiveness (GE) and gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) in the long run. This result is in contrast to all the three traditional approaches, such as correlation test, scatter plot and ordinary least squared (OLS), in which they do not identify any clear relationship between them. Moreover, Johansen test found a negative and statistically significant link between political stability and absence of violence (PSAV) and GDPPC in the long run, while all three traditional approaches identified a positive correlation between them. The findings of this study indicate a negative association between rule of law (ROL) and GDPPC in the long run, which coincides with theory, some of the empirical studies and with findings of all three traditional approaches used in this study. Even though OLS did not identify a significant relationship between control of corruption (COC) and GDPPC, Johansen test, correlation test and scatter plot detected a significant and negative correlation between them in the long run as expected by the theoretical evidence. Granger’s causality test identified the bidirectional causality between GE and ROL and unidirectional causality between ROL and COC. However, relationship between governance variables and GDPPC vary based on the estimation methods. These findings suggest that the policymakers need to take considerable attention on the above when they formulate and implement policy to improve GE.

scholarly journals The Dilemma of Stability Preservation in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongyi Feng
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Media ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Stability

Stability preservation ([Formula: see text], weiwen) has been a core policy of the Chinese communist government for the last two decades. China is the only major country in the contemporary world to have set up stability preservation offices at all levels of government alongside the normal administrative institutions for social control. These offices are mainly staffed by the existing personnel of the security apparatus, who in turn exercise control over people and the propaganda apparatus, who exercise control over information. The consequences of the stability preservation policy and the “system of stability preservation” ([Formula: see text], weiwen tizhi) are widely reported in the media, but the academic community is still in the initial stages of understanding the process of this unique phenomenon in China (Sandby-Thomas 2011; Shambaugh 2000; Social Development Research Group 2010; Sun 2009; Yu 2009). Why has the Chinese government pursued this policy? Is stability preservation in China a conventional issue of “law and order”? Are the policy and institutions of stability preservation effective in providing social and political stability? What are the implications of these special arrangements for China and the Chinese communist regime in the long run?

scholarly journals The Corruption-Terrorism Nexus: A Panel Data Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahil Boussiga ◽  
Malek Ghdamsi
Keyword(s):  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Panel Cointegration Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Of Corruption

<p>Corruption has been increasingly recognized as the major threat to economic development, political stability and peace. It is also acknowledged by international community as the breeding ground for terrorism. This paper examines the relationship between corruption and terrorism in the long run. Previous studies examining the link between these two phenomena used only time series cointegration tests. In this paper, we make use of a dataset for a panel of 123 developed and developing countries over the period 2003-2014. We use Pedroni’s residual-based panel cointegration test and the error correction model-based panel cointegration test developed by Westerlund. In order to obtain more robust results, we use two different measures of corruption which are Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) and Worldwide Control of Corruption Indicator (CC). The results of both tests reject the null hypothesis of no cointegration. we conclude that corruption and terrorism converge. Our findings corroborate results of previous studies.</p>

Redress Of Insurance Consumers’ Grievances A Study Of Company Executives’ Perception

Paradigm ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Deepa Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Two Systems

In modern marketing, the consumer satisfaction determines the company’s long-run success. In the case of marketing of services, like insurance, consumer satisfaction has numerous dimensions, and is, therefore, a complex phenomenon. Based on a study conducted to examine the corporate and public systems for redressing insurance consumers’ grievances, this paper seeks to report the findings pertaining to the company executives’ perception of the two systems. A representative sample of executives from all levels of the consumer grievance redress (CCR) machinery of the selected insurance corporate put forth their opinions on the nature of a CCR system, reasons behind its establishment, and the resulting benefits of maintaining the same. Furthermore, they have suggested more effective proposals for improving their own system as also the need for an external system, especially the Insurance Ombudsman.

scholarly journals Explaining Episodes of Growth Accelerations, Decelerations, and Collapses in Western Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550003
Author(s):  
Patrick Imam ◽  
Gonzalo Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
West African ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Growth Regressions ◽  
Domestic Credit ◽  
Growth Accelerations ◽  
Sub Saharan

The growth literature has had problems explaining the "sub-Saharan African growth dummy" in cross-country regressions. Instead of taking the usual approach of focusing on long-run growth and assuming that sub-Saharan countries have homogenous parameters in growth regressions, we concentrate our analysis on episodes of growth turnarounds (identifying growth accelerations, decelerations, and collapses) and use only West African countries in our sample. Using probits for a group of 22 Western African economies for the period 1960–2006, we find that growth accelerations are most clearly associated with external shocks, economic liberalization, political stability, and closeness to the coast; decelerations occurred during short-lived regimes and when corruption indices weakened; and collapses are linked to external shocks, falling domestic credit, and proximity to the coast.

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