Pharisaism: the image and meanings

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Irina Lavrukhina ◽  
Alina Krasnova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Religious Revival ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
The Social ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Modern Orthodox ◽  
Distorted Form ◽  
The Church ◽  
Social Level

The article deals with the image of Pharisaism as a multidimensional and complex phenomenon with a wide semantic field. The authors trace the way of formation of this image, from the text of the New Testament and the writings of the Holy fathers of the Church, to the analysis of the meanings of this concept in modern Orthodox literature. The authors distinguish and consider various aspects of the image of Pharisaism: moral, religious-psychological, existential. These aspects reflect different features of the image, but in the aggregate they give an opportunity to describe the whole image of Pharisaism. The article contents the analysis of Pharisaism as a distorted form of religious consciousness, and a comparative analysis between the Pharisaism and the true religiosity, as it is understood in the tradition of Russian religious philosophy, is carried out. The authors also analyze the manifestations of Pharisaism at the level of social and religious phenomena, which allows them to move from the consideration of Pharisaism as an internal order phenomenon to its analysis as a social phenomenon. The article raises the question of the institutionalization of Pharisaism as one of the problems accompanying the modern religious revival in Russia. The authors make correlations between Pharisaism as a personal phenomenon and Pharisaism at the institutional level. Based on this comparative analysis, the authors conclude that Pharisaism at the social level accompanies the process of institutionalization of religion.

Sophia

2019 ◽  
pp. 468-484
Author(s):  
Jonathan Cahana-Blum
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Second Temple ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
Second Temple Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Social Level

This chapter discusses how convictions about gender and sexuality (both at the divine and at the social level) have been instrumental to the ways early Christians addressed the divine Sophia myth. Strongly gendered and idealized already in the Hebrew Bible, the personified feminine Sophia undergoes a process of masculinization and further idealization in Jewish writings of the Second Temple Period. Somewhat paradoxically, this appears to culminate in her (almost) complete effacement from the New Testament or her replacement with the masculine Logos. Yet in Christian gnostic writings of the second century, Sophia returns with a vengeance: more feminine than ever, by now she is both more powerful than the God of the Hebrew Bible and no longer idealized as an unequivocally positive figure. It is argued that with a careful application of feminist critique, a more thorough understanding of the Sophia myth and its possible theological implications can be reached.

scholarly journals Activities of Religious Organizations in Preschool Field of Ukraine (during 2nd half of 19th century – 1920s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Nataliia Leshchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Activity Spectrum ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Church ◽  
Social Level

The article considers the contribution of Orthodox organizations and institutions to the functioning of Ukrainian preschool system during 2nd half of 19th century – 1920s. The analysis of the archival and source base denoted that the activities of the church-parish and monastery asylums, religious-educational fraternities, parish guardianships and private initiative of the clergy has subserved the formation of this branch at the social level. The author of the research defines and characterizes the main tendencies of their organizational and regulatory work with children of 3-6 years old (guardianship, educational activities, education). The attention is focused on the general characterizing of the basic ideas that were directly implemented in the practice of preschool education: the task of moral, religious, labour and physical education of children, the formation of their basic erudition and value orientation. The education of parents is also included in the activity spectrum of the religious institutions during the studied period. The presented material contributes to the deepening of scientific knowledge on the history of preschool education in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Household and gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvox Moxnes
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Social Unit ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Pentecostal Churches ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Analytical Category ◽  
The Church

In this paper, I will try to engage with African positions on gender and households and respond with a reading of New Testament texts from my position in a Nordic context within Europe. The terms “household” and “gender” refer to central issues in social and historical studies of societies. Household signifies a central social unit in a society whereas gender is an analytical category when discussing the social and ideological roles of men and women. The question of the forms of household and of the roles of men and women respectively, is part of the larger context of worldviews, political ideologies and ethics. The specific forms of household and gender play a large part in the societies that make up the contexts of New Testament texts, as well as in contemporary societies where these texts play important roles. In this essay, I seek a “dialogue” between the New Testament context and the church in Africa, focusing especially on the understanding of gender roles within Pentecostal churches.

scholarly journals Orthodox joke as a phenomenon of modern Orthodox culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Smolina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Cultural Consciousness ◽  
Secular Culture ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Modern Orthodox ◽  
The Church ◽  
Pastoral Practice

The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of the Orthodox joke as a phenomenon of modern Orthodox culture. Methodology. In the context of the culturological approach, the method of comparative analysis, induction, deduction, typology, and classification was used. Scientific Novelty. For the first time the phenomenon of the Orthodox joke was investigated in the context of cultural studies; assumptions were made regarding the time and reasons for its appearance; its sources are highlighted, the typology of the Orthodox joke is proposed; supplemented with data on the cultural specificity of this phenomenon. Conclusions. In secular and folk culture, a joke is a form of uncensored folk art, a sphere of dissent. The Orthodox joke, by contrast, is one of the ways of preachingand does not oppose the official church line. A parable in the form of a joke is more understandable and acceptable to the cultural consciousness of a modern person. The following types of Orthodox jokes are distinguished: curious cases from the history of the church, the life of individual parishes, or pastoral practice; «Children's perception of religion»; «In front of Paradise doors»; «Dialogue between a believer and an unbeliever»; self-irony of Orthodox monks and laity. The development of the genre of the Orthodox joke testifies to the processes of adaptation of the Orthodox culture, which exists under the prevailing secular culture.

scholarly journals Persuasion Connotations at Macro-Social Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Maria-Lucia Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Methodological Aspect ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Level

Abstract This approach examines the comparative relationship between persuasion at micro and macro-social level, under the framework of the comparative analysis method. In this sense, after identifying and presenting the concept of persuasion, the similarity of interpretation and persuasion techniques are emphasized. The study first addresses the epistemological and methodological aspect of the social connotations of persuasion. It has as main objectives to ensure the interpretation of the concept, to identify the strategies, to describe the mechanisms by which the persuasion in the public space is reconstructed and to discover the methods of resistance to this type of communication. The usefulness of studying this type of communication results from the effects it has on the individual and its various inter-human relationships in the macro-social space.

THE SERVICE AND EDUCATIONAL MISSION OF THE CHURCH IN MODERN SOCIETY AS A FACTOR OF FORMING THE FUNDAMENTALS OF THE SOCIAL IDEAL

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Kysliy
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
Educational Mission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Theological Thought ◽  
The Church

The Church, having a rich experience of work in the social environment, tries not only to serve humanity, realizing its vocation, but also to fulfill the educational mission, which is unique in meaning, content and forms of expression. The gradual development of modern theological thought and religious philosophy is influenced by the understanding of the Church's involvement in the current priorities of social life as a certain spiritual and moral arbiter. The complexity of the question of the influence of Christianity on the formation of the value bases of the social ideal lies in the confessional features of the positioning of churches in a globalized world.

scholarly journals Models of Perceiving Social Reality in the Middle Ages

2019 ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju.Eu. Arnautova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Order ◽  
World Order ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Church

The article considers the views of contemporaries about the social structure of the Western European Middle Ages. Social knowledge has represented these ideas in interpretative schemes (models), operating with the ancient concept of ordo. Medieval authors understood ordo metaphysically — as the „order“ of the world order and as an „estate“, i.e. the part of the world created by God, which has its place and purpose. In public consciousness, there were two parallel models of perception of the social order, which can be arbitrarily described as “hierarchical” and “functional”. The earliest interpretation scheme was based on the New Testament (2 Tim. 2:4 and 1 Cor. 9:14; 1 Tim. 5: 1) and divided society into “two estates of the Church” (duo ordines ecclesiae), i.e. to „clerics“ (clerici) and „laity“ (laici), which vary in their way of life and occupation. In the year 400 monasticism appeared, also having a specific “life form”. Therefore concept of social order formulated by Augustine and then by Gregory the Great, had noted the existence of “the three estates of the Church” (tres ordines ecclesiae) — clerics, monks and laity. Both models were hierarchical, because they justified the priority nature of service to God. At the turn of the X–XI centuries in the process of differentiation of new professional groups (knights, peasants), the model of the “three estates of the Church” has been rethought. “Estates” are defined in it in accordance with their functions: “oratores (praying)”, “bellatores (fighting)” and “laboratores (working)”, each of them working as a part of the whole for the rest, which meant the equivalence of their functions. The scheme of the tres ordines ecclesiae existed until the beginning of the New Time, constantly adding new social realities. The highest point of its socio-historical impact is the consolidation of peasants and townspeople into one “estate”, later called in France the “third estate” (tiers état, tiers membre), whose social and economic existence was predetermined by work and lack of privileges.

scholarly journals The Concept of «Nation» in New Russian Monographs

2020 ◽  
pp. 276-282
Author(s):  
Александр Задорнов
Keyword(s):  
Practical Theology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Conceptual Apparatus ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Modern Orthodox ◽  
The Church

Настоящая статья представляет собою библиографический обзор публикаций 2019 года, посвящённых понятию «нация». Данное понятие входит в состав понятийного аппарата современной православной практической теологии, в частности дисциплины «Церковь, государство и общество», построенной как комментарий к документу Основы социальной концепции Русской Православной Церкви. В самом этом документе понятию «нации» посвящена отдельная глава, остающаяся актуальной и с точки зрения современных подходов к проблеме. This article presents a bibliographic review of 2019’ publications devoted to the concept of «nation». This concept is part of the conceptual apparatus of modern Orthodox practical theology, in particular the discipline «The Church, State and Society», built as a commentary to the document on the Basis of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church. In this document itself, the concept of «nation» is devoted to a separate chapter, which remains relevant from the point of view of modern approaches to the problem.

scholarly journals The social ideal of F. M. Dostoevsky and theocratic project of V. S. Solovyov in assessments of thinkers of the Silver age

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Ksenia V. Vorozhikhina
Keyword(s):  
Religious Community ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Religious Consciousness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spiritual Authority ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Church ◽  
Made In

The paper studies the reception of social and theocratic ideas of F. M. Dostoevsky and V. S. Solovyov by Silver Age thinkers (N. A. Berdyaev, S. N. Bulgakov, V. V. Rozanov, Vyach. I. Ivanov, D. S. Merezhkovsky, D. V. Filosofov, E. N. Trubetskoy, A. S. Volzhsky (Glinka), S. A. Askoldov (Alekseev) and others). Dostoevsky and Solovyov developed the ideal of “Christian politics,” according to which the state and public spheres are sanctified by spiritual authority of the church and are directed towards the highest goal — the erection of the Kingdom of God on earth. The call made in Dostoevsky’s Pushkin speech, as well as Solovyov’s theocratic prophecies, remained almost unappreciated and unclaimed by contemporaries; at the beginning of the 20th century these ideas began to be discussed again. Dostoevsky and Solovyov are key figures for thinkers of religious renaissance. The great novelist became a forerunner of Christian freedom, rejecting all earthly authorities, as well as a precursor of the religious revolution, denying any human power in the name of divine authority. Despite the fact that Silver Age thinkers were largely unaffected by Soloviev’s philosophical doctrines, he became the prophet of a “new religious consciousness,” setting main topics for the further development of Russian thought and raising questions about the religious community, the role of the church, religious justification of culture, the sense of marriage and sexual love, as well as giving faith in the possibility of renewal of historical Christianity.

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