Türkiye’de Üretilen Bazı Monofolaral Bal Örneklerinin Biyokimyasal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

This study was conducted in 2013 to determine the biochemical properties of 10 different monofloral honey types produced across Turkey. For the study, honey samples were obtained from beekeepers and the identity and relative percentage of dominant pollen types in samples was determined through microscopic analysis. Pollen analysis revealed that honey types chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) contained high proportions of each respective pollen type. These proportions reached as high as 86%, while other honey types such as Anason had low Anasom pollen content, occurring at 45% in whole honey samples. Biochemical analysis revealed that the average honey sample quality characteristics were as followings: ash 0.37±0.04, electricity conductivity 0.79±0.07 mS/cm, moisture 19.15±0.09%, pH 3.97±0.02, acidity 29.07±0.39 meq/kg, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), 6.17±0.76 mg/kg, diastase 22.05±0.00, invert sugar 69.72±0.49% and sucrose 2.90±0.30%. These analyses confirmed that honey samples met standards outlined by the Turkish Food Codex Honey Standard, European Union Honey Standard and Codex Standards respectively.

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Melissopalynological analysis of honey produced by two species of stingless bees in Lombok Island, Indonesia

Nusantara Bioscience ◽

10.13057/nusbiosci/n120203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lalu Zulkan Jayadi ◽

Ratna Susandarini

Keyword(s):

Stingless Bees ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Botanical Origin ◽

Pollen Type ◽

Pollen Content ◽

Pollen Types ◽

Unifloral Honey ◽

Melissopalynological Analysis ◽

Lombok Island ◽

Number Of Plant Species

Abstract. Jayadi LZ, Susandarini R. 2020. Melissopalynological analysis of honey produced by two species of stingless bees in Lombok Island, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 97-108. Honey is a natural product with a variety of benefits that commonly used as food sweeteners, health supplements, and traditional medicine. There has been no comprehensive publication regarding the diversity of pollen contained in honey produced by stingless bee Tetragonula laeviceps and Heterotrogona itama from Lombok. This study aimed to reveal the diversity of pollen content in honey through melissopalynological analysis of honey samples produced by two species of stingless bees T. laeviceps and H. itama in Lombok Island. This melissopalynological study was performed on honey samples obtained from nine villages from nine sub-districts representing the three districts on Lombok Island. Pollen extraction from honey was carried out using standard methods for melissopalynological analysis. The diversity of pollen recovered from honey varied from 15 to 41 pollen types. Total number of plant species whose pollen was recovered from honey samples was 127 which consisted of 61 families. The occurrence of predominant pollen type in particular unifloral honey samples indicated their botanical origin and presumed geographical origin of honey. Results of this study are useful in confirming botanical origin of honey and generating information on plants potential as food source for sustainable beekeeping in Lombok Island.

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Honey moisture reduction using several thermal methods and their effects on its quality

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202233500026 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 335 ◽

pp. 00026

Author(s):

Firman Jaya ◽

Lilik Eka Radiati ◽

Teti Estiasih ◽

Djalal Rosyidi ◽

Anang Lastriyanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Honey Sample ◽

Botanical Origin ◽

Thermal Methods ◽

Legal Limits ◽

Made In

Honey is thermally heated at various methods to decrease the moisture content and prolong the shelf life. The heating methods might decrease the quality of honey's physicochemical and biochemical properties. The present study thermally treated the honey with a pasteurizer, evaporator, and dehumidifier. The most thermally affected to decrease the moisture content were treatment by dehumidifier (14.09%), subsequent evaporation (8.41%), and pasteurization (8.41%). After heating, significant differentiation was also observed in the variation of both HMF (Hydroxymethylfurfural) content and diastase activity according to the botanical origin of the honey sample. In line with the biochemical analysis of honey, total phenolic decreased significantly during the pasteurization treatment. Evaporation was the most resistant thermal treatment due to its ability to maintain the level of HMF and the enzyme diastase as a standard for honey quality. However, changes made in physicochemical and biochemical quality are still in compliance with national and international legal limits.

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Analysis of urine as an indicator of specific body conditions in pregnant women in rural mountainous region

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20202641 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 264

Author(s):

Nazia Tabbasum ◽

Sumat Ul Khurshid

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract Infection ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Microscopic Analysis ◽

False Negatives ◽

Strong Indicator ◽

A Minor ◽

Primary Care Medicine

Background: Urinalysis is a procedure for examining physical properties, particulate matter, cells, casts, crystals, organisms and solutes. Urinalysis is a routine screening and diagnostic tool used to identify infections including renal, urological, liver disease, diabetes mellitus and urinary tract infection (UTI). Urinalysis can be used to screen, glucose, leucocytes, nitrite and blood. Although urinalysis is an effective screening tool it should not be used in isolation to guide treatment because false positives, for example, nitrites, and false negatives, for example, glucose, can occur if the sample is contaminated or left to stand for too long. UTI is among the leading reasons for treatment in adult primary care medicine, accounting for a considerable percentage of antibiotic prescriptions. Aim of this study is to identify the markers of urinary tract infection by urine routine microscopic analysis in pregnant women.Methods: This was a two months prospective study from June 1st 2019 to July 31st 2019. Urine samples of 72 pregnant women coming routinely to OPD of GMC, Doda were examined by physical and biochemical analysis by microscopy methods. Results: Majority of samples were pale yellow with turbid appearance. Protein was present in most of the samples whereas glucose was present in a minor number of samples. Microscopy revealed increase in pus and epithelial cells count in most of the samples while bacteria were present in almost half of the samples.Conclusions: To conclude from the present study that appearance, presence of protein, pus cells, epithelial cell and bacteria, all taken together can serve as a strong indicator of UTI.

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Sporoderm morphogenesis in Euphorbia obesa and Croton gratissimus

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v14i3/4.1253 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 14 (3/4) ◽

pp. 849-856 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. L. Frean

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Physiological Adaptation ◽

Structure Characteristic ◽

Pollen Type ◽

Electron Microscope Level ◽

Pollen Characters ◽

Pollen Types ◽

Unisexual Flowers ◽

Taxonomic Grouping

Pollen grains of the Euphorbiaceae show a number of pollen types which can be clearly distinguished. Generally different genera are characterized by a specific pollen type. Euphorbia obesa Hook. f. and Croton gratissimus Burch, subsp. subgratissimus (Prain) Burtt Davy, represent two genera within the Crotonoideae with different morphology, each type characteristic for the respective genus. Taxonomically, the genus Euphorbia with apetalous flowers consisting of a naked pistil surrounded by several staminate flowers within a cyathium, is considered more advanced than the genus Croton. In Croton the inflorescence is a raceme with unisexual flowers. The floral whorls of the male show numerous anthers and both calyx and a showy corolla are present. Both genera are insect pollinated. In both Euphorbia obesa and Croton gratissimus the pollen wall in section shows columellae, a structure characteristic of angiosperms. However the present ontogenetic studies show that the formation of the columellae differs entirely in the two pollen types. The final stratification of the wall as well as the morphology of the grains differ and evaluation of the exine structure indicates that phylogenetically Croton pollen shows more advanced characters than Euphorbia — contradicting the floral phylogeny. This study conducted at light and electron microscope level compares the two pollen types morphologically and ontogenetically, concentrating mainly on the formation of the exine which is tectate-perforate in the prolate tricolpate grain of Euphorbia obesa and semi-tectate in the anaperturate, spheroidal grain of Croton gratissimus. The aim of the study was to evaluate the significance of pollen characters in taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships within the Euphorbiaceae. The differing pollen morphology which is related to the taxonomic grouping of tribes within the subfamily (Crotonoideae) emphasizes diversity, which may result from physiological adaptation. The study shows that the same functional end may well be achieved in different ways and this may be a factor underlying the diversity in the heterogeneous family Euphorbiaceae.

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Comparative Study of Airborne Pollen from the Northern to the Southern of Tunisia

Asian Journal of Biology ◽

10.9734/ajob/2019/v8i330063 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Hadj Hamda ◽

A. Ben Dhiab ◽

M. Msallem ◽

A. Larbi

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Airborne Pollen ◽

Flowering Phenology ◽

Plant Distribution ◽

The South ◽

Pollen Type ◽

The North ◽

Flowering Season ◽

Pollen Types ◽

Study Sites

Aerobiology is a multidisciplinary science dealing with biological particles in the atmosphere generated by natural activities during flowering season. Airborne pollen is now the main studied biological structure which is used as a reliable tool to study plant phenology, plant distribution changes and prediction of crop production. The main aims of this work is to determine the distribution of the different spring flowering species from the North to the South of Tunisia and to establish the pollen spectrum of three regions Mornag (North), Menzel M’hiri (Centre) and Chaal (South) in 2017. Airborne pollen data were collected using three volumetric Hirst-type spore traps placed in Mornag (36°39N; 10°16E), Menzel M’hiri (35°38N; 10°41E) and Chaal (34°34N; 10°19E) during olive flowering season. The highest pollen index was recorded in the north (Mornag, 6487.1) corresponding mainly to 18 different pollen types emitted by anemophilous species with an important presence of Cupressus pollen type having the highest contribution. Lower pollen amounts were recorded in Menzel M’hiri (5983.8) and Chaal (925.3). Olea eurpoeae was the most presented pollen type in these regions. However comparing the different study sites we can note a large distribution of some taxa from north to the south. The main common taxa were Olea europaea, Cupressaceae, Poaceae and Amaranhaceae. Their atmospheric concentrations varied also between the regions. Individual pollen index showed a sharp heterogeneity between the taxa in the same region in one hand and between the study sites in the other hand, thus a statistical analysis was performed to define the main group of taxa according to their individual pollen index. Flowering phenology of the main common taxa was also established.

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Pollen analysis in honey samples from the two main producing regions in the Brazilian northeast

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652007000300003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 381-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Geni da S. Sodré ◽

Luís C. Marchini ◽

Carlos A.L. de Carvalho ◽

Augusta C. de C.C. Moreti

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Pollen Analysis ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Pollen Type ◽

Northeastern Region ◽

Pollen Types ◽

Abundant Supply ◽

Brazilian Northeast

Knowledge about the botanical source of honey is very important for the beekeeper while it indicates adequate and abundant supply sources of nectar and pollen for the bees, thus contributing toward improved yield. The present study means to identify the pollen types occurring in 58 samples of honey produced in two states of the northeastern region of Brazil, Piauí (38 samples) and Ceará (20 samples), and to verify the potential of the honey plants during the months of February to August. The samples were obtained directly from beekeepers in each state and analyzed at the Apiculture Laboratory of the Entomology Section of Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", USP, Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The pollen analysis was performed using the acetolysis method. The samples were submitted to both a qualitative and a quantitative analysis. The dominant pollen in the State of Ceará is from Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, M. verrucosa, Borreria verticillata, Serjania sp., and a Fabaceae pollen type, while in the State of Piauí it is from Piptadenia sp., M. caesalpiniaefolia, M. verrucosa, Croton urucurana and Tibouchina sp.

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The difference between pollen types and plant taxa: a plea for clarity and scientific freedom

E&G Quaternary Science Journal ◽

10.3285/eg.56.3.02 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 162-171

Author(s):

Pim De Klerk ◽

Hans Joosten

Keyword(s):

Pollen Type ◽

Scientific Freedom ◽

Pollen Types ◽

Common Problems ◽

The Difference ◽

Unconventional Methods

Abstract. This paper discusses the character of pollen types. We argue that pollen types and plant taxa are completely different entities (morphological and taxonomical respectively) and therefore should be treated and displayed differently. Common problems in conventional pollen type nomenclature are illustrated with examples from present day European palynological practice. We plead for clarity in pollen type nomenclature and for the scientific freedom to use 'unconventional' methods to avoid confusion.

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Isopoll Maps and an Analysis of the Distribution of the Modern Pollen Rain, Eastern and Central Northern Canada

Géographie physique et Quaternaire ◽

10.7202/032471ar ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (1-2) ◽

pp. 91-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

D. L. Elliot-Fisk ◽

J. T. Andrews ◽

S. K. Short ◽

W. N. Mode

Keyword(s):

Principal Component ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Northern Canada ◽

Modern Pollen ◽

Pollen Content ◽

Pollen Types ◽

Pollen Rain ◽

Multiple Samples ◽

Percentage Data ◽

Component Scores

ABSTRACT At 39 sites in eastern and central northern Canada, multiple samples of surface moss and lichens have been analyzed for their pollen content. Although pollen from 20 to 30 taxa were identified in the samples from each site, 8 pollen types (Alnus, Betula, Picea. Pinus, Salix, Gramineae, Cyperaceae and Ericaceae) usually comprise 90 to 100% of the pollen rain. We present isopoll maps of these taxa based on mean percentages of multiple samples from the 39 sites. The data are further analyzed by a number of statistical methods to determine whether there are specific pollen assemblages within this region and to what extent present day climatic parameters and floristic/vegetation zones correlate with pollen counts. Cluster analysis on raw data and on principal component scores yields six distinct pollen assemblages which are further examined by discriminant analysis. Pollen concentration maps for eastern Canada are also presented here and used as an aid in interpreting the percentage data.

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Physical and Biochemical Properties of Selected Tropical Fruits

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/intag-2014-0028 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 383-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K.A. Athmaselvi ◽

Pandian Jenney ◽

C. Pavithra ◽

Ishita Roy

Keyword(s):

Aspect Ratio ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Specific Heat ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

True Density ◽

Tropical Fruits ◽

Mass Fractions

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the physical and biochemical properties of guava, sapota, and papaya. The physical properties studied were: dimensions, shell ratio, surface area, bulk and true density, porosity, sphericity, packing coefficient, aspect ratio, and roundness index. The specific heat at various mass fractions, biochemical properties like pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and colour analysis were studied for fruit pulps. The viscosity of fruits was studied at various mass fractions. The high sphericity of guava and sapota indicated that those fruits had high rolling capability, which is an important factor for designing hoppers. Biochemical analysis showed that sapota was the sweetest fruit amongst the three studied.

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Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Biochemical Analysis Offer Insights Into the Effects of Acidic pH, Such as Occur During Acidosis, on the Complement Binding Properties of C-Reactive Protein

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.757633 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Dylan P. Noone ◽

Tijn T. van der Velden ◽

Thomas H. Sharp

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Structural Basis ◽

Structural Rearrangements ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽

Ionic Nature ◽

The Complement System

The pentraxin family of proteins includes C-reactive protein (CRP), a canonical marker for the acute phase inflammatory response. As compared to normal physiological conditions in human serum, under conditions associated with damage and inflammation, such as acidosis and the oxidative burst, CRP exhibits modulated biochemical properties that may have a structural basis. Here, we explore how pH and ligand binding affect the structure and biochemical properties of CRP. Cryo-electron microscopy was used to solve structures of CRP at pH 7.5 or pH 5 and in the presence or absence of the ligand phosphocholine (PCh), which yielded 7 new high-resolution structures of CRP, including pentameric and decameric complexes. Structures previously derived from crystallography were imperfect pentagons, as shown by the variable angles between each subunit, whereas pentameric CRP derived from cryoEM was found to have C5 symmetry, with subunits forming a regular pentagon with equal angles. This discrepancy indicates flexibility at the interfaces of monomers that may relate to activation of the complement system by the C1 complex. CRP also appears to readily decamerise in solution into dimers of pentamers, which obscures the postulated binding sites for C1. Subtle structural rearrangements were observed between the conditions tested, including a putative change in histidine protonation that may prime the disulphide bridges for reduction and enhanced ability to activate the immune system. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that CRP had markedly increased association to the C1 complex and immunoglobulins under conditions associated with acidosis, whilst a reduction in the Ca2+ concentration lowered this pH-sensitivity for C1q, but not immunoglobulins, suggesting different modes of binding. These data suggest a model whereby a change in the ionic nature of CRP and immunological proteins can make it more adhesive to potential ligands without large structural rearrangements.

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