scholarly journals The Effects of Some Environmental Factors on Birth Weight and Estimation of Heritability and Repeatability for Birth Weight of Akkaraman Sheep in Konya Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 1755
Author(s):  
Ayhan Öztürk ◽  
Şükrü Doğan ◽  
Uğur Zülkadir ◽  
Halil Kayar
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Birth Type

In this research, the effects of dam age and type of birth and sex of lambs on birth weight of Akkaraman lambs was investigated at village conditions in Konya province. Additionally, the heritability and repeatability of birth weight was estimated. The Least-squares means of birth weight was 4.07±0.04 kg. The effects of dam age, year, birth type and sex on birth weight were found statistically significant. The heritability and repeatability of birth weight were found as 0.052±0.04 and 0.130±0.04, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of environmental factors on growth traits in Makuie sheep

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Rahimi ◽  
S.A. Rafat ◽  
S. Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
West Azerbaijan ◽  
Birth Type

The Makuie sheep is a fat-tailed sheep breed which can be found in the Azerbaijan province of Iran. non-genetic parameters obtained from data collected from 1993 to 2012 Makuie sheep research station of West Azerbaijan province in Iran were evaluated in the present study. The non-genetic parameters for birth weight, weaning weight (3 months), 6-month, 9-month and yearling weight traits were estimated based on 19 years of data using SAS software. Least squares means were 4.11? 0.88, 21.50?3.50, 27.18?3.53, 28.57?4.44 and 34.21?3.88 kg for weight at birth, 3, 6, 9 and 12 month, respectively. The birth year had a significant effect on all traits while the effect of birth type significantly affected all traits (p<0.05). The lamb's sex had a significant effect on all traits (p<0.05). The effect of dam?s age had a significant effect on all traits except 9- month (p<0.05). Results showed that non- genetic factors have an important role in expressing of genetic potential in the lambs.

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Affecting Birth Weight And Litter Size In Yankasa Sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
R. O. Balogun ◽  
M. E. Olayemi ◽  
O .A, . Osinowo
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Sheep Flock ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Factors Affecting

Records on 1634 lambings of a Yankasa sheep flock collected from 1983 to 1990 were used to determine the effects of parity, litter size, sex, season and year of birth on birth weight, and that of parity, season and year of birth on litter size respectively.  Least squares means (± s.e.) for birth weight and litter size were 2.49±0.013kg and 1.22±0.010 respectively. Birth weight was significantly (P<0.01) affected by parity, sex, litter size and season of birth. Lambs born in the late wet season had higher birth weights than those born in other seasons. Also, male and single lambs were heavier at birth than female and twin lambs.  Litter size was significantly (P<0.01) affected by parity, season and year of birth. Late wet season lambing had lower litter size than other seasons.  The repeatability estimates for birth weight and litter size were 0.19±0.028 and 0.01±0.032 respectively while phenotypic correlation between the two traits was -0.249.

scholarly journals Energy Supplementation during the Last Third of Gestation Improves Mother–Young Bonding in Goats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Juan M. Vázquez-García ◽  
Gregorio Álvarez-Fuentes ◽  
Héctor O. Orozco-Gregorio ◽  
Juan C. García-López ◽  
Milagros González-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Labor Duration ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Birth Body Weight ◽  
Birth Type

We tested whether maternal energy supplementation during the last third of gestation improves birth weight, neonatal wellbeing, and mother–young bonding. Thirty-six pregnant French Alpine goats were randomly allocated among three nutritional treatments for the last third of pregnancy: (i) Control, fed alfalfa (T-0; n = 12); (ii) alfalfa + 150 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-150; n = 12); (iii) alfalfa + 300 g/head daily energy concentrate (T-300; n = 12). At birth, we collected progeny data on birth weight, birth type, sex, rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, time to standing, time to udder connection, and time to first feeding. For the dams, we collected data on the duration of labor, time to clean the progeny, and time to allow first suckling. At birth, body weight, rectal temperature, heart rate, and the respiratory rate did not differ among treatments (p > 0.05). In the dams, labor duration was not affected by the treatments (p > 0.05). The T-150 dams were faster to clean the newborn and allow first suckling (p < 0.05). The T-150 progeny were faster to stand and the T-300 progeny were faster to connect to the udder (p < 0.05). We conclude that energy supplementation of the dam during the last third of gestation does not affect the birth weight of the progeny, but enhances the mother–young bonding.

Nutritional Needs of Low-Birth-Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Basal Metabolic Rate ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Caloric Requirements

The goal of feeding regimens for low-birth-weight infants is to obtain a prompt postnatal resumption of growth to a rate approximating intrauterine growth because this is believed to provide the best possible conditions for subsequent normal development. This statement reviews current opinion and practices as well as earlier reviews1-5 of the feeding of the low-birth-weight infant. Caloric Requirement The basal metabolic rate of low-birth-weight infants is lower than that of full-term infants during the first week of life, but it reaches and exceeds that of the full-term infant by the second week. Daily caloric requirements reach 50 to 100 kcal/kg by the end of the first week of life and usually increase to 110 to 150 kcal/kg in subsequent active growth. A partition of the daily minimum energy requirements is shown in Table I.6 There are considerable variations from these average values, depending on both biological and environmental factors. Infants who are small for gestational age tend to have a higher basal metabolic rate than do premature infants of the same weight.7 The degree of physical activity appears to be a characteristic of the individual infant. Environmental factors may have a greater influence than biological variation in determining the total caloric requirements. The maximal response to cold stress can increase the resting rate of heat production up to 2½ times.6Calories expended for specific dynamic action and for fecal losses are dependent on the composition of the milk or formula fed, as well as on individual variations in absorption of

Gestation length, birth weight and growth rates of pure-bred indigenous goats and their crosses in Kenya

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ruvuna ◽  
T. C. Cartwright ◽  
H. Blackburn ◽  
M. Okeyo ◽  
S. Chema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
East African ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Indigenous Goats

SummaryData on gestation period of 701 indigenous East African and Galla does and pre- and postweaning growth of 810 pure-bred and cross-bred kids were analysed by least squares statistical analysis. Breeds of kids were East African, Galla, Toggenburg × East African, Toggenburg × Galla, Anglo-Nubian × East African and Anglo-Nubian × Galla. Average gestation length was 149 days and was significantly (P < 0·05) affected by type of birth of the kid, year–month of kidding, and age of dam. Does carrying twins had shorter gestation length than does carrying singles. Sex and breed of kid did not have significant effect on gestation length.Significant (P < 0·05) factors affecting birth weight, weight at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 210 and 270 days of age, and preweaning growth rate were breed and sex of kid, type of birth, year–month and age of dam. Male kids grew faster and were heavier than females. Kids born single were heavier and grew faster than twin-born kids. Kids from dams less than 3 years old weighed less than kids from older dams. Cross-bred kids had higher preweaning growth rates than indigenous pure-bred kids. The Anglo-Nubian × Galla cross was heaviest while the East African ranked lowest. The results point to importance of cross-breeding with temperate breeds to increase growth rates of indigenous goats. Comparison of Toggenburg and Anglo-Nubian sires for cross-breeding showed both buck breeds produced kids with roughly equal growth rates. Evaluation of indigenous Galla and East African dams for cross-breeding showed Galla dams produced heavier kids than East African but preweaning growth rates were not significantly different.

scholarly journals Effect of supplemental pig milk replacer on piglet weight gain and sow backfat thickness

2015 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Zsolt Győri ◽  
Péter Balogh ◽  
László Huzsvai ◽  
Gabriella Novotniné Dankó
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Liquid Milk ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Experimental Group

Sow milk production is the major factor limiting pig growth to weaning. Although the milk production of the sows incremental many environmental factors affect the actual performances. The supplemental milk replacer can be an appropriate solution to ward off disparities and try to equalize the available milk quantity to the piglets according to their appetite, to enlarge the weight of pigs at weaning, ultimately. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of liquid milk supplement on weight development and litter performance of the piglets during the suckling period. Data were collected from 60 farrowings, the weight of 649 piglets in a total were measured at birth, 14 days old and at weaning (28 days), respectively. In the control group (n=319) the piglets were suckled and got prestarter feed from day 10. In the experimental group (n= 330) the piglets had got liquid milk replacer in 10.71% solution, from day 10 after birth together with suckling and prestarter feed, as well. Based on the Duncan's multiple range tests, there were no significant differences in birth weight between the control and experimental group but we found significant differences between the 14 days weight and the weaning weight, subsequently. Based on the CV% of weight the experimental group became more homogenous, in contrary to the weight of the control group at the end of suckling period. The milk supplementation can be an appropriate solution to ward off disparities and to equalize the available milk quantity to the piglets according to their appetite, to enlarge and uniform the weight of pigs at weaning, ultimately.

scholarly journals The effects of breed, sire and environmental factors on the birth and weaning weight of lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
S. Kramarenko ◽  
◽  
A. Kramarenko ◽  
S. Lugovoy ◽  
D. Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Size Type

The effects of breed, sire and environmental factors on the birth and weaning weight of lambs The aim of this study was to determine the effect of some important factors influencing on the birth and weaning weight variability in lambs. Data from 2603 ewes was included in the analysis, where 3961 lambs were obtained during the five years of the research. Data was tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the GLM procedure of Minitab Release 13.1. Our results presented significant influence on the year of lambing, breed, ram genotype, age of a dam, type of a birth (litter size), sex of a lamb and on the birth weight and weaning weight of lambs. Keywords: birth and weaning weight of lambs; ram genotype; year of lambing; age of ewes; litter size (type of birth); sex of a lamb; the Ascanian fine-fleece breed.

scholarly journals Some Environmental Factors Affecting Birth Weight, Weaning Weight and Daily Live Weight Gain of Holstein Calves

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdal Yaylak ◽  
Hikmet Orhan ◽  
Alim Daşkaya
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Calves

The present study was conducted to determine some environmental factors affecting birth weight, weaning weight and daily live weight gain of Holstein calves of a livestock facility in Izmir, Turkey. The data on 2091 calves born between the years 2005-2010 were used to assess the relevant parameters. Effects of calving year, calving month, calf gender and the interaction between calving year and calving month on calves’ birth weights were highly significant. The overall mean of birth weights was 39.6±0.15 kg. In addition, effects of calving year, calving month, gender, birth weight, weaning age, calving year x calving month, calving year x gender and calving year x calving month x gender interactions on weaning weight (WW) and daily live weight gain (DLWG) were highly significant. The overall means of WW and DLWG were respectively found to be 79.7±0.20 kg and 525±2.5 g. A one kilogram increase in birth weight resulted in an increase of 0.89 kg in weaning weight and a decrease of 1.26 g in daily live weight gain. Prenatal temperature-humidity index (THI) affected birth weight of calves (R2=0.67). Increasing THI from 50 to 80 resulted in 3.8 kg decrease in birth weight.

Factors governing the shape of the growth curve of body weight and the age at slaughter of Suffolk × Welsh lambs

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Broadbent ◽  
J. H. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Linear Component ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Birth Type

Curves of growth in live-weight, from birth to 16 weeks of age, of 362 Suffolk × Welsh lambs were analysed for the effect of sex, birth type, sire and test centre environment and related to variation in age at slaughter.The relative pre-natal disadvantages of twin lambs resulted in their curves of growth differing from those of single-born animals, particularly in males. Test centre environment exerted a marked effect in such cases. At one centre, male twins showed marked compensatory growth.Differences in growth existed between the 14 sire progeny groups. As the linear component of the growth curves decreased, the quadratic values became increasingly negative. Deceleration of growth was most marked in slowest growing progeny groups and this was accentuated by a poor test centre environment.These factors combined to influence age at slaughter, which was also related to birth weight of the lamb. Lambs at the best test centre reached slaughter weight 10 and 16 days earlier than lambs at the two remaining centres. Sires produced differences in age at slaughter of 10 to 14 days, within centres.

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