The Change of Catalase Enzyme Activity in Soils by The Land Use

Analysing the factors driving the population size and activities of soil microorganisms is important for understanding the soil ecosystem’s structure and functioning. For this purpose, the soil enzymes are used as an indicator of soil microbial activity and soil fertility. Although there are many studies on the distribution and activities of various soil enzymes in soils under monoculture or crop alternation conditions, there are only few studies examining the ecological relationship in natural ecosystems, especially by using enzymes. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of different land uses on the catalase enzyme activity in soil. For this purpose, the catalase enzyme activities in soil samples taken from 0-5cm and 5-10cm depths in agricultural, forest, and pasture lands in north and south exposures were determined and the effects of different land use, exposure, and soil depth conditions on the enzyme activities were investigated. At the end of the study, it was determined that the catalase enzyme activity significantly differed by the land use and the highest level of catalase enzyme activity in both south and north exposures and at both depth levels was found in forest soils, whereas the lowest level of activity was found in agricultural lands in north exposure and pasture soils in south exposure.

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Soil microbial community, enzyme activity, C and N stocks and soil aggregation as affected by land use and soil depth in a tropical climate region of Brazil

Archives of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00203-020-01996-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 202 (10) ◽

pp. 2809-2824 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcos V. M. Sarto ◽

Wander L. B. Borges ◽

Doglas Bassegio ◽

Carlos A. B. Pires ◽

Charles W. Rice ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Soil Microbial Community ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Soil Aggregation ◽

Climate Region ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

C And N

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Effects of Mixing Feldspathic Sandstone and Sand on Soil Microbial Biomass and Extracellular Enzyme Activities—A Case Study in Mu Us Sandy Land in China

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9193963 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (19) ◽

pp. 3963

Author(s):

Xiuxiu Feng ◽

Lu Zhang ◽

Fazhu Zhao ◽

Hongying Bai ◽

Russell Doughty

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Microbial Biomass ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Soil Microbial Biomass ◽

Extracellular Enzyme ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Feldspathic Sandstone

Microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activity, and their stoichiometry in soil play an important role in ecosystem dynamics and functioning. To better understand the improvement of sand soil quality and the limitation of soil nutrients after adding feldspathic sandstone, we investigated changes in soil microbial activity after 10 months of mixing feldspathic sandstone and sand, and compared the dynamics with soil properties. We used fumigation extraction to determine soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), phosphorus (MBP), and microplate fluorometric techniques to measure soil β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-xylosidase (BX), β-D-cellobiohydrolase (CBH), N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG), and Alkaline phosphatase (AKP). We also measured soil organic carbon (SOC), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and soil water content (SWC). Our results showed that the soil microbial biomass C, N, P, and individual extracellular enzyme activities significantly increased in mixed soil. Similarly, the soil microbial biomass C:N, C:P, N:P, MBC:SOC, and BG:NAG significantly increased by 54.3%, 106.3%, 33.1%, 23.0%, and 65.4%, respectively. However, BG:AKP and NAG:AKP decreased by 19.0% and 50.3%, respectively. Additionally, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that SWC, SOC, porosity and field capacity were significantly associated with soil microbial biomass indices (i.e., C, N, P, C:N, C:P, N:P in microbial biomass, and MBC:SOC) and extracellular enzyme activity metrics (i.e., individual enzyme activity, ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, and vector characteristics of enzyme activity), while pH, EC, and SIC had no correlation with these indices and metrics. These results indicated that mixing feldspathic sandstone and sand is highly susceptible to changes in soil microbial activity, and the soil N limitation decreased while P became more limited. In summary, our research showed that adding feldspathic sandstone into sand can significantly improve soil quality and provide a theoretical basis for the development of desertified land resources.

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Dehydrogenase Activity in a Litter Manipulation Experiment in Temperate Forest Soil

Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica ◽

10.2478/aslh-2013-0002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Zsuzsa Veres ◽

Zsolt Kotroczó ◽

Kornél Magyaros ◽

János Attila Tóth ◽

Béla Tóthmérész

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Dehydrogenase Activity ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Litter Production ◽

Labile Carbon ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Litter Manipulation ◽

Soil Dehydrogenase Activity

Abstract Soil enzyme activities are “sensors” of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition since they integrate information about microbial status and physico-chemical condition of soils. We measured dehydrogenase enzyme activity in a deciduous temperate oak forest in Hungary under litter manipulation treatments. The Síkfőkút Detritus Input and Removal Treatments (DIRT) Project includes treatments with doubling of leaf litter and woody debris inputs as well as removal of leaf litter and trenching to prevent root inputs. We hypothesized that increased detrital inputs increase labile carbon substrates to soils and would increase enzyme activities particularly that of dehydrogenase, which has been used as an indicator of soil microbial activity. We also hypothesized that enzyme activities would decrease with detritus removal plots and decrease labile carbon inputs to soil. After ten years of treatments, litter removal had a stronger effect on soil dehydrogenase activity than did litter additions. These results showed that in this forest ecosystem the changed litter production affected soil microbial activity: reduced litter production decreased the soil dehydrogenase activity; increased litter production had no significant effect on the enzyme activity.

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Comparative assessment of microbial enzyme activity with compost and sewage sludge amendment

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v7i2.725 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1021-1028

Author(s):

Jatinder Kaur ◽

Sandeep Sharma ◽

Hargopal Singh

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Microbial Activities ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Microbial Enzyme ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Digested Sewage Sludge

Changes in soil microbial activities were investigated to examine the effect of aerobically digested sewage sludge (SS) and compared with compost under incubation conditions over 63 days. Sandy soil was amended with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 % w/w of compost and sewage sludge. Enzyme activity (dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, phytase and urease) were examined at an interval of 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42 and 63 days. At the end of the experiment the change in organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus was also recorded.Results indicated that enzyme activities were substantially enhanced in presence of both amendments for first few days and the higher increases were measured at 1.5% of compost and sewage sludge amendment. Then an overall decrease in enzyme activity was recorded. Both the amendments also significantly increased the organic carbon, nitrogen and potassium of the soil while increase in available phosphorus was only recorded in treatment receiving compost. The present experiment indicated that addition of compost and sewage sludge have positive effect on soil microbial activity and can be safely used as soil amendment without having any adverse effect. Though, a previous examination of sewage sludge to be used must be made for heavy metals and pathogens.

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Vegetation degradation impacts soil nutrients and enzyme activities in wet meadow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-78182-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jiangqi Wu ◽

Haiyan Wang ◽

Guang Li ◽

Weiwei Ma ◽

Jianghua Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Soil Nutrients ◽

Enzyme Activities ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Tibet Plateau ◽

Wet Meadow ◽

Vegetation Degradation ◽

Thaw Cycle ◽

Qinghai Tibet Plateau

AbstractVegetation degradation, due to climate change and human activities, changes the biomass, vegetation species composition, and soil nutrient input sources and thus affects soil nutrient cycling and enzyme activities. However, few studies have focused on the responses of soil nutrients and enzymes to vegetation degradation in high-altitude wet meadows. In this study, we examined the effects of vegetation degradation on soil nutrients (soil organic carbon, SOC; total nitrogen, TN; total phosphorus, TP) and enzyme activities (i.e., urease, catalase, amylase) in an alpine meadow in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Four different levels of degradation were defined in terms of vegetation density and composition: primary wet meadow (CK), lightly degraded (LD), moderately degraded (MD), and heavily degraded (HD). Soil samples were collected at depth intervals of 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm to determine soil nutrient levels and enzyme activities. The results showed that SOC, TN, catalase and amylase significantly decreased with degradation level, while TP and urease increased with degradation level (P < 0.05). Soil nutrient and enzyme activity significantly decreased with soil depth (P < 0.05), and the soil nutrient and enzyme activity exhibited obvious "surface aggregation". The activities of soil urease and catalase were strongest in spring and weakest in winter. The content of TN in spring, summer, and autumn was significantly higher than observed in winter (P < 0.05). The soil TP content increased in winter. Soil amylase activity was significantly higher in summerm than in spring, autumn, and winter (P < 0.05). TP was the main limiting factor for plant growth in the Gahai wet meadow. Values of SOC and TN were positively and significantly correlated with amylase and catalase (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with urease (P < 0.05). These results suggest the significant role that vegetation degradation and seasonal freeze–thaw cycle play in regulating enzyme activities and nutrient availability in wet meadow soil.

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CHANGES IN MINERAL N AND NUMBERS OF BACTERIA AND ACTINOMYCETES DURING TWO YEARS UNDER WHEAT-FALLOW IN SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss82-014 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 125-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

C. A. CAMPBELL ◽

V. O. BIEDERBECK

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Plate Count ◽

Upward Movement ◽

Mineral N ◽

Soil Microbial

The aim of this study was to identify, in situ, some of the microbial responses to environmental conditions previously noted in experiments in the laboratory and field. Soil samples were taken from a Brown Chernozem under a wheat-fallow rotation at 2-wk intervals during spring and autumn and at 4-wk intervals in winter and summer for a 2-yr period. Nitrate-N and exchangeable NH4-N, and numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes by plate count, were measured in 0- to 2.5-cm, 2.5- to 15-cm and 15- to 30-cm soil layers. Changes in microbial numbers and mineral N were correlated with soil depth, available carbon and environmental conditions. Bacterial numbers ranged between 14 and 119 million per gram of soil in the 0- to 2.5-cm layer, between 9 and 47 million in the 2.5-to 15-cm layer and were 4 million in the 15- to 30-cm soil layer. Bacteria:actinomycetes ratios were 3:1 in the 0- to 2.5-cm layer, 2:1 in the 2.5- to 15-cm layer and 1:1 in the 15- to 30-cm layer. Exchangeable NH4- and NO3-N as high as 20 and 280 ppm, respectively, were found in the top 2.5 cm. Different processes with similar or opposing effects often occurred simultaneously, thus making interpretation difficult. However, we identified (i) the stepwise nature of the ammonification-nitrification process; (ii) the importance of crop residues in microbial growth, and denitrification; (iii) the flush in microbial growth when a dry soil is moistened; (iv) the importance of the tilled layer as the prime site of soil microbial activity; and (v) the rapid decrease in microbial population and activity below the tilled soil layer. There was also evidence of possible upward movement of NO3 due to temperature gradient (as soil froze), and due to evaporation.

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Organic matter cycling along geochemical, geomorphic, and disturbance gradients in forest and cropland of the African Tropics – project TropSOC database version 1.0

Earth System Science Data ◽

10.5194/essd-13-4133-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4133-4153

Author(s):

Sebastian Doetterl ◽

Rodrigue K. Asifiwe ◽

Geert Baert ◽

Fernando Bamba ◽

Marijn Bauters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Tropical Soils ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Biogeochemical Cycles ◽

Congo Basin ◽

Land Conversion ◽

Soil Geochemistry ◽

East African ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Wide Range

Abstract. The African Tropics are hotspots of modern-day land use change and are, at the same time, of great relevance for the cycling of carbon (C) and nutrients between plants, soils, and the atmosphere. However, the consequences of land conversion on biogeochemical cycles are still largely unknown as they are not studied in a landscape context that defines the geomorphic, geochemical, and pedological framework in which biological processes take place. Thus, the response of tropical soils to disturbance by erosion and land conversion is one of the great uncertainties in assessing the carrying capacity of tropical landscapes to grow food for future generations and in predicting greenhouse gas fluxes from soils to the atmosphere and, hence, future earth system dynamics. Here we describe version 1.0 of an open-access database created as part of the project “Tropical soil organic carbon dynamics along erosional disturbance gradients in relation to variability in soil geochemistry and land use” (TropSOC). TropSOC v1.0 (Doetterl et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.5880/fidgeo.2021.009) contains spatially and temporally explicit data on soil, vegetation, environmental properties, and land management collected from 136 pristine tropical forest and cropland plots between 2017 and 2020 as part of monitoring and sampling campaigns in the eastern Congo Basin and the East African Rift Valley system. The results of several laboratory experiments focusing on soil microbial activity, C cycling, and C stabilization in soils complement the dataset to deliver one of the first landscape-scale datasets to study the linkages and feedbacks between geology, geomorphology, and pedogenesis as controls on biogeochemical cycles in a variety of natural and managed systems in the African Tropics. The hierarchical and interdisciplinary structure of the TropSOC database allows linking of a wide range of parameters and observations on soil and vegetation dynamics along with other supporting information that may also be measured at one or more levels of the hierarchy. TropSOC's data mark a significant contribution to improve our understanding of the fate of biogeochemical cycles in dynamic and diverse tropical African (agro-)ecosystems. TropSOC v1.0 can be accessed through the Supplement provided as part of this paper or as a separate download via the websites of the Congo Biogeochemistry Observatory and GFZ Data Services where version updates to the database will be provided as the project develops.

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Combined effects of land-use type and climate change on soil microbial activity and invertebrate decomposer activity

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2021.107490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 318 ◽

pp. 107490

Author(s):

Marie Sünnemann ◽

Julia Siebert ◽

Thomas Reitz ◽

Martin Schädler ◽

Rui Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Soil Microbial Activity ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Land Use Type ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Effects Of Land Use

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Assessment of soil microbial and enzyme activity in the rhizosphere zone under different land use/cover of a semiarid region, India

Ecological Processes ◽

10.1186/s13717-021-00288-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Archana Meena ◽

K. S. Rao

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Critical Role ◽

Nutrient Cycle ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Abiotic Factor ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Soil Microbial

Abstract Background Land use/cover and management practices are widely known to influence soil organic matter (SOM) quality and quantity. The present study investigated the effect of different land use, i.e., forests viz. mixed forest cover (MFC), Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC-dominated forest cover (PFC), and cultivated sites viz. agriculture field (AF), vegetable field (VF), respectively, on soil parameter, microbial activity, and enzymes involved in soil nutrient cycle in a semiarid region of India. Results The results showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in soil carbon (SC), soil nitrogen (SN) content (~ 30–80%) and consequently the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) (~ 70–80%), soil basal respiration (SBR), soil substrate-induced respiration (SSIR), and soil enzyme activities (β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and dehydrogenase) under cultivated sites in comparison with forest sites. Pearson’s correlation showed that a positive correlation of SC with SMBC, SBR, SSIR (P < 0.01), and enzymatic activities (i.e., β-glucosidase, dehydrogenase) (P < 0.05) may imply the critical role of SC in regulating microbial and enzymatic activity. Also, a positive correlation of soil moisture with urease activity (P < 0.01) was found suggesting it as a significant abiotic factor for soil biological functions. Additionally, based on the PCA analysis, we observed the clustering of SMBC/SC ratio and qCO2 nearby AF. Conclusion Our study suggests that soil microbial parameters (SMBC, SBR, SSIR, SMBC/SC, qCO2) and enzyme activity are key indicators of soil health and fertility. Land use/cover alters the SOM content and soil microbial functions. The management strategies focusing on the conservation of natural forest and minimizing the land disturbances will be effective in preventing soil carbon flux as CO2 and maintaining the SC stock.

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