Effects of Social Protection for Women in Informal Work on Maternal and Child Health Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Ravindranath ◽  
Antara Rai Chowdhury ◽  
Aditi Surie ◽  
Gautam Bhan
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Home Based ◽  
And Child Health

The International Labour Organization estimates that, globally, approximately two billion people are employed in the informal economy. Of this, 740 million are female workers [1]. In Asia and Africa, a large proportion of non-agricultural female workforce is employed in the informal economy in urban areas. Women workers are concentrated in sectors such as domestic work, street vending, waste picking and home-based work [2,3].

Situating Self-Employed Urban Women Conducting Business through Contemporary Social Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Kalyanaraman
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Business Women ◽  
Employed Women

Informal economy includes varied set of economic activities, enterprises, jobs, and workers. The economy typically consists of enterprises and/or people that are not regulated or protected by the state. The concept originally applied to self-employment in small unregistered enterprises. It has been expanded to include wage employment in unprotected jobs. A home-based self-employed women worker can be involved as a fashion designer, a tiffin service provider, a home tutor, a person working with vendors, selling and reselling apparel, accessories to name a few. Informal self-employment is very large and heterogeneous as a category itself. There are different people working within in an informally self-employed category. The review tries to understand home based business women within the ambit of informal employment. The focus of research turns to technological advancement, social media and its impact on womens economic and business efforts. The review, using a feminist lens, understands academic researches on womens economic efforts. The reviews focus will largely be owners and own account (individually run enterprises) women workers of informal enterprises in urban areas which for ease of reference, I have termed as home-based self-employed urban woman.

Heat stress and inadequate toilet access at work places in India – a potential hazard to working women in a changing climate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidhya Venugopal ◽  
Rekha Shanmugam ◽  
Priscilla Johnson ◽  
Rebekah Ann Isabel Lucas ◽  
Kristina Jakobsson
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Modifiable Factors

In the past few decades, increasingly blistering heat due to climate change has created more illnesses and claimed more lives worldwide, an issue mostly ignored because it's an invisible hazard and hard-to-document disaster. Victims are usually vulnerable populations, including workers exposed on a daily basis to heat, who not only suffer from heat illnesses but also from an exacerbation of existing health problems aggravated by heat and dehydration. Research has proved that heat is a higher risk for female workers, who are affected far more often than their male counterparts. India’s informal economy is dominated by the female workforce and many informal workplaces have minimal welfare facilities including toilets. One of the modifiable factors that influence workplace psychology is the lack of access to a private toilet. To avoid embarrassment or harassment, many women refrain from drinking water during the day in order to limit their trips to the toilet, a potentially deadly strategy during hot seasons which has adverse health consequences. A global trend especially in developing nations evidences a higher number of women entering the workforce. With this trend and rising temperatures, the issue is expected to escalate to significant proportions unless workplace interventions and policy level actions are taken at a national level to protect women workers.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of home-based records on maternal, newborn and child health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. e0209278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Magwood ◽  
Victoire Kpadé ◽  
Kednapa Thavorn ◽  
Sandy Oliver ◽  
Alain D. Mayhew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Newborn And Child Health ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Home Based ◽  
And Child Health

scholarly journals Social Protection Instruments and Women Workers in the Informal Economy: A Southern African Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Elmarie Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
The Social ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
International Instruments ◽  
The Impact

The world of work has changed and in some instances a realisation now exists that certain forms of work are a reality and not a passing occurrence, and it is of the utmost importance that international regulation provides for this, including work in the informal economy. Specific vulnerable groups and challenges have been identified by international regulators and must now be addressed to extend protection to these workers. International regulation must promote freedom through the enhancement of the capabilities of these workers. International instruments can function as key strategic tools to address inequalities in the workplace by increasing the capabilities of vulnerable groups such as women through empowerment initiatives. The purpose of this contribution is to identify and critically consider the relevant international social security instruments of the ILO and the UN, the impact of international standards, and other global initiatives directed at the social protection of women workers in the informal economy.

scholarly journals A descriptive study to explore working conditions and childcare practices among informal women workers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: identifying opportunities to support childcare for mothers in informal work

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Horwood ◽  
Lyn Haskins ◽  
Laura Alfers ◽  
Zandile Masango-Muzindutsi ◽  
Richard Dobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Women Workers ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Domestic Workers ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Informal Traders

Abstract Background Although women working in the informal economy are a large and vulnerable group, little is known about infant feeding and childcare practices among these women. The aim of this study was to explore childcare practices among mothers in informal work. Methods A cross-sectional survey among mothers with children aged < 2 years working in the informal economy in an urban and a rural site in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Participants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling. Results A total of 247 interviews were conducted with 170 informal traders and 77 domestic workers. Most mothers lived with their child (225/247, 91.1%), had initiated breastfeeding (208/247; 84.2%) and many were still breastfeeding (112/247; 45.3%). Among 96 mothers who had stopped breastfeeding, the most common reason was returning to work (34/96; 35.4%). Many mothers relied on family members, particularly grandmothers, to care for their child while they were working (103/247, 41.7%) but some mothers took their child with them to work (70/247; 28.1%). Few fathers participated in the care of their child: 54 mothers (21.9%) reported that the father had ever looked after the child while she was away from home. Domestic workers were less likely than informal traders to take their child to work (p = 0.038). Women reported receiving a salary from an informal employer (119), or being own-account workers (120) or being unpaid/paid in kind (8). Most participants were in stable work (> 4 years) with regular working hours, but received very low pay. Domestic workers were more likely than informal traders to have regular working hours (p = 0.004), and to be earning >$240 per month (p = 0.003). Mothers reported high levels of food insecurity for themselves and their child: 153 mothers (61.9%) reported having missed a meal in the past month due to lack of resources to buy food, and 88 (35.6%) mothers reported that their child had missed a meal for this reason. Conclusion This study provides a preliminary description of informal women workers who, despite having stable work, are vulnerable, low paid and food insecure. These women may require support to provide optimal childcare and nutrition for their children.

scholarly journals Roles of the Maternal and Child Health Handbook and Other Home-Based Records on Newborn and Child Health: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7463
Author(s):  
Rogie Royce Carandang ◽  
Jennifer Lisa Sakamoto ◽  
Mika Kondo Kunieda ◽  
Akira Shibanuma ◽  
Ekaterina Yarotskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Newborn And Child Health ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
And Child Health

Home-based records are paper or electronic records retained and used by mothers or caregivers to document the health services received for maternal, newborn, and child health. Little has been studied about the roles of these records on newborn and child health outcomes. Hence, we collated and summarized evidence concerning the roles of home-based records in improving newborn and child health. We conducted a systematic search in several databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Academic Search Complete, SocINDEX, CENTRAL, DARE, NHS EED, HTA, J-STAGE, Ichushi, and gray literature. We included original research articles of all study designs published in English or Japanese until January 2020. Owing to heterogeneity across the outcomes of included studies, we conducted a narrative synthesis. We included 55 studies (23 in Japanese) among 14,017 identified articles. We identified the following roles of home-based records on newborn and child health: promoted newborn/childcare seeking, improved knowledge and practices of newborn/childcare, encouraged home care for childhood illnesses, reduced child mortality and morbidity, and facilitated continuum of care. We observed a mixed effect on age-appropriate immunization (e.g., DTP3 completion) and no effect on the practice of immediate breastfeeding and prevention of perinatal mortality and morbidity. The findings highlighted the effectiveness and usefulness of home-based records to improve newborn and child health outcomes. However, only a few studies were available for each outcome category, limiting the certainty of evidence provided in this review. Therefore, we recommend further studies to explore the benefits of home-based records on improving newborn and child health.

scholarly journals Correction: Effectiveness of home-based records on maternal, newborn and child health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0212698
Author(s):  
Olivia Magwood ◽  
Victoire Kpadé ◽  
Kednapa Thavorn ◽  
Sandy Oliver ◽  
Alain D. Mayhew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Newborn And Child Health ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Home Based ◽  
And Child Health

scholarly journals Income generation in informal sector: A case study of the street vendors of Kathmandu Metropolitan City

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak Bahadur Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Metropolitan City ◽  
The People ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Street vending is important to income earn and poverty alleviation for some people of Nepal. The street trade provides employment and income generation for the rural poor in the urban areas. And not only rural poor are getting earning opportunities in the informal economy; this has been providing goods in cheaper price to urban poor. This paper analyzes the determinants of the street vender’s income. It examines whether the income from vendor business of the people doing street business in Kathmandu metropolitan city increases with the rate of increase in investment, education and labor supply.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejdi.v13i0.7193Economic Journal of Development Issues Vol.13 & 14 2011, pp.1-14

scholarly journals Social protection of female workers at Saint Petersburg industrial enterprises in the second half of the XIX - early XX century as one of the aspects of everyday life female history

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293
Author(s):  
Olga Valentinovna Severtseva
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Industrial Enterprise ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
The Russian Empire

The paper refers to the measures of social protection of female workers at St. Petersburg industrial enterprises in the second half of the XIX - early XX century. Social security is an important part of any persons everyday life, especially women. Laws adopted in the Russian Empire, within the framework of factory legislation, were aimed at supporting the interests of industrial entrepreneurs rather than female workers. Legislative acts that were supposed to guarantee social protection for women workers were practically not observed. Many of these laws were even abolished by later regulatory acts. Female workers did not receive equal wages with men. Women had to work long hours in unsanitary conditions. Female workers were almost slaves for the owner of an industrial enterprise. Factory inspectors could not help women workers solve their problems. The authorities did not provide social protection for women in St. Petersburg, who worked for factories in the second half of the XIX - early XX century.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document