Home as Workplace: A Spatial Reading of Work-Homes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sohane ◽  
Ruchika Lall ◽  
Ashwatha Chandran ◽  
Rasha Hasan Lala ◽  
Namrata Kapoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Housing Policy ◽  
Boundary Work ◽  
Global South ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Innovation Strategies ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City

When home serves as workplace, the interface of domestic and productive spheres has spatial and social effects on various users of the space, scaling at times to the neighbourhood and the city. This study looks at all the ways in which home aids work — spatially and infrastructurally — and illustrates the role of various factors and actors in engaging with and shaping the work-home boundary. Work-homes in the Global South often engage transversally with formal planning. Users of work-homes exercise their agency in complex ways to maneuver the work-home boundary, often making post-facto modifications to the work-home. The study collates a repository of spatial and temporal innovation strategies devised by users to balance domestic and productive spheres in their homes, as a site to derive lessons for planning, housing policy and architecture. It investigates the role of the state in spatially enabling or limiting work-homes, and using the Indian context as an illustrative example, suggests enabling frameworks in planning that address the spatial particularities of work-homes

scholarly journals Land financialisation, planning informalisation and gentrification as statecraft in Antwerp

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110282
Author(s):  
Callum Ward
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Roll Out

This article offers insight into the role of the state in land financialisation through a reading of urban hegemony. This offers the basis for a conjunctural analysis of the politics of planning within a context in which authoritarian neoliberalism is ascendant across Europe. I explore this through the case of Antwerp as it underwent a hegemonic shift in which the nationalist neoliberal party the New Flemish Alliance (Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie; N-VA) ended 70 years of Socialist Party rule and deregulated the city’s technocratic planning system. However, this unbridling of the free market has led to the creation of high-margin investment products rather than suitable housing for the middle classes, raising concerns about the city’s gentrification strategy. The consequent, politicisation of the city’s planning system led to controversy over clientelism which threatened to undermine the N-VA’s wider hegemonic project. In response, the city has sought to roll out a more formalised system of negotiated developer obligations, so embedding transactional, market-oriented informal governance networks at the centre of the planning system. This article highlights how the literature on land financialisation may incorporate conjunctural analysis, in the process situating recent trends towards the use of land value capture mechanisms within the contradictions and statecraft of contemporary neoliberal urbanism.

scholarly journals Working for the State in the Urban Economies of Ankara, Bursa, and Salonica: From Empire to Nation State, 1840s–1940s

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (S24) ◽  
pp. 213-241
Author(s):  
M. Erdem Kabadayi
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The City ◽  
Of Greece

AbstractIn most cases, and particularly in the cases of Greece and Turkey, political transformation from multinational empire to nation state has been experienced to a great extent in urban centres. In Ankara, Bursa, and Salonica, the cities selected for this article, the consequences of state-making were drastic for all their inhabitants; Ankara and Bursa had strong Greek communities, while in the 1840s Salonica was the Jewish metropolis of the eastern Mediterranean, with a lively Muslim community. However, by the 1940s, Ankara and Bursa had lost almost all their non-Muslim inhabitants and Salonica had lost almost all its Muslims. This article analyses the occupational structures of those three cities in the mid-nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth, tracing the role of the state as an employer and the effects of radical political change on the city-level historical dynamics of labour relations.

Nile River Transport under the Romans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Adams
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Ancient Economy ◽  
Private Goods ◽  
River Transport ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Complex Organization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

This chapter considers the organization of river transport in Roman Egypt (30 BC—AD 284). Egypt provided a significant proportion of grain to the city of Rome; thus the collection of tax grain and its transport to Alexandria was the first stage in the complex organization of the annona. The chapter considers the integration of land and river transport of tax grain, the nature, status, and organization of naukleroi, and the role of the state. It also discusses the transport of private goods by river and offers some quantification of the cost of river transport. It places these economic activities into the broader context of debate about the ancient economy.

A Religious Institution Goes Public

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deonnie Moodie
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Management System ◽  
East India Company ◽  
District Court ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
A Site ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

In the mid-twentieth century, Kālīghāṭ became a site that middle-class actors could not only write about but also act upon in an official capacity. Because Kālīghāṭ was never royally patronized, East India Company and British official bodies did not take over the role of departing royal powers there as they did at other temples across India. Instead, middle-class actors took it upon themselves to modernize Kālīghāṭ’s management system in the mid-twentieth century. One Brahmin temple proprietor brought a complaint against 84 others to a district court in the 1930s, alleging that his brethren had mismanaged temple funds. Lawyers and judges at the district, state, and national levels worked to declare Kālīghāṭ a public temple and impose upon it a management committee that would be selected by educated, civically conscious Hindus in the city. This effectively removed authority from the temple’s Brahmin proprietors and put it in the hands of middle-class Hindus unaffiliated with the temple.

Religious Pluralism and the Role of the State

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-141
Author(s):  
Domenico Melidoro
Keyword(s):  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Theoretical Solution ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Role Of The State

This chapter tests the theoretical solution worked out in the previous chapter in relation to Indian religious pluralism. After considering some relevant features of religious pluralism in the Indian context, the chapter presents two of the most influential theories that have tried to accommodate it (Rajeev Bhargava’s and Neera Chandhoke’s). These views, despite their merits in trying to defend a specifically Indian understanding of secularism, are quite demanding and criticizable. The notion of equality they employ is too substantive. Indeed, this egalitarian impulse pushes the role of the state well beyond what PT liberalism requires. The problem is that the effects of the expansion of the state’s powers have not always been conducive to social peace. Thus, the constraints imposed by PT liberalism to the exercise of state power are particularly required in this discourse on secularism.

Practices of resistance: The Antwerp fashion scene and Walter Van Beirendonck’s subversion of masculinity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-72
Author(s):  
Nicola Brajato ◽  
Alexander Dhoest
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Creative Resistance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
A Site ◽  
Fashion Designers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The existing literature on the evolution of the Antwerp fashion scene is mainly concerned with the development of the Fashion Academy pedagogy from tradition to avant-garde, the role of the famous ‘Antwerp Six’ in putting the city under the international fashion spotlight, and the making of a specific cultural heritage which up to today continues to inspire young fashion designers. However, less has been said about its contribution to the redefinition of gender, and more specifically of masculinity. Consequently, the aim of the article is to contextualize Antwerp as a site for ‘creative resistance’ against the middle-class ideas of fashion, body and identity through the figure of Belgian designer Walter Van Beirendonck, articulating his contribution in deconstructing the normative understanding of the relationship between fashion and masculinity, providing a new metaphor to think about the process of body fashioning in everyday life. Therefore, Van Beirendonck’s creative practices as a sartorial form of resistance against the bourgeois understanding of masculinity and sexuality will be investigated through a qualitative analysis of visual and audio-visual archive materials generously provided by MoMu, the Antwerp fashion museum, showing how his creations are successful in stretching bodily borders and forming non-conventional masculinities. Far from offering an exhaustive overview of the field, the article constitutes a starting point for the understanding of a particular way of seeing the relationship between fashion, body and gender identity in the Antwerp fashion scene. Furthermore, it aims to stress the urgency to analyse the relevance of fashion in tackling issues of masculinity and the clothed body.

scholarly journals Ethnic moralities and reciprocity: towards an ethic of South-South relations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozon A Lorenzana
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Work ◽  
Global South ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Ethnic Tensions ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Client Relations ◽  
Indian Cities

Normative critiques of South-South relations assess the extent to which solidarity and cooperation are achieved among partner countries. However, they tend to overlook the role of inter-ethnic tensions in partnerships and the ways global South actors exercise agency in achieving cooperation. Transnational skilled migration between global South countries is an emerging context where South-South cooperation takes place. Using the case of Filipino skilled workers in Indian cities, this paper aims to ascertain the sort of tensions that characterise South-South relations and the manner in which actors work out cooperative partnerships. The concept of boundary work, a process of defining ‘us’ and ‘them’ and relating to others through a set of socio-cultural criteria (ASR 73:37-59, 2008), is deployed to analyse Filipino-Indian interactions in the workplace. Ethnographic data reveal that while ethnic moralities constitute boundaries and tensions between Filipino and Indian workers, they also become bases of affinity. Cooperation is achieved when Filipino and Indian participants engage in personal and mutually beneficial arrangements such as guru-student and patron-client relations. An ethic of reciprocity thus animates South-South cooperation. I conclude with some implications for global South partnerships.

Charity’s dilemmas: an ethnography of gift-giving and social class in Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Doolan ◽  
Dražen Cepić ◽  
Jeremy F. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Charitable Giving ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
The State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Moral Economies ◽  
A Site

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore charitable giving and receiving as a site of social class interaction in Croatia today, particularly in relation to the country’s socialist past and capitalist present. Design/methodology/approach Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in three charity organisations in Croatia. The reported material is based on participant observation, interviews and informal conversations with organisation members, activists, employees and end users. Findings The authors find that charity activists and recipients of aid occupy distinct but overlapping moral economies in relation to questions of poverty, charity and the role of the state. Originality/value The authors develop a unique perspective on charitable giving and receiving in a context in which memories of socialism shape understandings of the role of the state today vis-à-vis poverty relief.

The Pursuit of Social Welfare

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Kruks-Wisner
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Citizen Action ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Do So

Who makes claims on the state for social welfare, and how and why do they do so? This article examines these dynamics in the rural Indian context, observing that citizens living in the same local communities differ dramatically in their approaches to the state. The author develops a theory to explain these varied patterns of action and inaction, arguing that citizen claim-making is best understood as a product of exposure to people and places beyond the immediate community and locality. This social and spatial exposure builds citizens’ encounters with, knowledge of, and linkages to the state. This in turn develops their aspirations toward the state and their capabilities for state-targeted action. The author tests the theory in rural Rajasthan, drawing on a combination of original survey data and qualitative interviews. She finds that those who traverse boundaries of caste, neighborhood, and village are more likely to make claims on the state, and that they do so through broader repertoires of action than those who are more constrained by the same boundaries. The article concludes by considering the extensions and limitations of the theory and the role of the state itself in establishing the terrain for citizen action.

Perspektiven der Alterssicherungspolitik in Deutschland – Über Konzeptionen, Vorschläge und einen angestrebten Paradigmenwechsel

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Schmähl
Keyword(s):  
Social Effects ◽  
Pension Scheme ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Payg Pensions ◽  
Funded Pensions ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Current Reform

Abstract The paper outlines different concepts for designing pension policies linked to current reform proposals in Germany. The role of the state, mandatory or voluntary savings for old age and the primary objectives and types of income redistribution aimed at by the design of pension schemes are central. In contrast to the economic debate which is dominated by the topic pay-as-you-go (PAYG) versus funding, the author argues that it is especially important to deal with changes within the major German PAYG-financed scheme in order to realize positive economic and social effects, especially by a close contribution±benefit link as part of a broader reform concept. There are, however, limits to an overall reduction of the pension level in such a pension scheme, if a close contribution±benefit link is to remain politically acceptable. Here this is demonstrated by current reform proposals for substituting a major part of PAYG pensions by funded pensions in Germany. The paper also points out some hidden, implicit and long-term effects of such a strategy. Finally, the author refers to some often neglected effects in mainstream proposals for a major shift towards funding. 430

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