scholarly journals THE USE OF WASTE PLASTICS FOR PLASTINATION OF ORGANIC MATERIALS AND IN CIVIL CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
VISHVESWARA RAMKRISHNA ◽  
NANJAPPA LEELAVATHY
Keyword(s):  
Organic Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Waste Plastics

scholarly journals Self-Cleaning Concrete for Landscaping Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 05004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana-Maria Mircea
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Catalytic Material ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Agriculture Water

Negative effects of environmental pollution pose a significant risk to agriculture, water resources and human health. This can however be reduced by selecting appropriate materials in construction and landscape architecture. It is well-known that strong sunlight or ultraviolet light decomposes many organic materials in a slow natural process. Photocatalytic substances accelerate this process and when used in concrete (which is one of the most widely used construction materials), permit the treatment of pollutants close to their source by applying a self-cleaning principle: decomposing organic materials, biological materials and pollutants into molecules like oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, nitrates, and sulphates. Catalytic material activation will start due to energy that is received from sunlight (it also can be activated using artificial lights), and self-cleaning begins when this material is activated. Beside other properties, this innovative self-cleaning concrete also keeps its colour for far longer than other traditional building materials, making it a desirable solution for landscaping applications.

scholarly journals Marshall properties of waste polymer and nanoclay modified bitumen

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sadeque ◽  
K.A. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Waste Tyre ◽  
Waste Polymer ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Polymer Modified Bitumen ◽  
Montmorillonite Nanoclay

Polymer modified bitumen is emerging as one of the important construction materials for flexible pavements. The addition of polymers in bitumen improves the deformational stability and durability of bitumen. Also Montmorillonite nanoclay has been successfully used as additive in polymer to significantly improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties. The present study, the effect of waste low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) obtained from waste carry bag, crumb rubber obtained from Waste tyre (CR)and nanoclay (MMT) on Marshall stability have been evaluated. Waste plastics, whose disposal is a matter of concern can be used successfully to modify the bitumen, these waste polymers are added in 2%, 4% and 6% whereas nanoclay is added in 1,2 and 3 % in 60/70 penetration grade bitumen and its effect on stability and flow of bitumen are evaluated. The result of experimental study shows that there is significant improvement in the Marshall Stability of bitumen due addition of waste polymer and nanoclay.

scholarly journals Analysis and Economic Evaluation of the Use of Recycled Polyamide Powder in Masonry Mortars

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2657
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Salas ◽  
Heriberto Pérez-Acebo ◽  
Verónica Calderón ◽  
Hernán Gonzalo-Orden
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Polyamide Powder

Due to the considerable amount of waste plastics and polymers that are produced annually, the introduction of these waste products in construction materials is becoming a recurrent solution to recycle them. Among polymers, polyamide represents an important proportion of polymer waste. In this study, sustainable and lightweight mortars were designed and elaborated, substituting the aggregates by polyamide powder waste. Mortars were produced with various dosages of cement/aggregates, and the polyamide substitutions were 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the aggregates. The aim of this paper is to determine the density and the compressive strength of the manufactured mortars to observe the feasibility for being employed as masonry or rendering and plastering mortars. Results showed that with increasing polymer substitution, lower densities were achieved, ranging from 1850 to 790 kg/m3 in modified mortars. Mortars with densities below 1300 kg/m3 are cataloged as lightweight mortars. Furthermore, compressive strength also decreased with more polyamide substitution. Obtained values in recycled mortars were between 15.77 and 2.10 MPa, but the majority of the values (eight out of 12) were over 5 MPa. Additionally, an economic evaluation was performed, and it was observed that the use of waste polyamide implies an important cost reduction, apart from the advantage of not having to manage this waste material. Consequently, not only the mechanical properties of the new recycled materials were verified as well as its economic viability.

scholarly journals The Effect of Waste Plastics on the Ageing Phenomenon of Bituminous Binders and Asphalt Mixtures

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6176
Author(s):  
Finn Hall ◽  
Greg White
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Bituminous Binders ◽  
Ageing Phenomenon

The push for environmental sustainability in the civil engineering industry has resulted in an increased interest in the use of recycled construction materials, with one example being the use of waste plastic for the modification of bituminous binder in asphalt mixtures. Existing research has associated waste plastics with various binder and asphalt mixture performance enhancing properties. However, there is a lack of research on the age-related durability of waste plastic-modified roads. This research compared the effect of commercially available waste plastic binder modifiers on the ageing phenomenon of bituminous binders and asphalt mixtures, to the effect of conventional polymers SBS and EVA, through artificial bituminous binder and asphalt mixture ageing performed in a laboratory. The addition of polymers (both waste and virgin) resulted in an increase in binder stiffness after short-term ageing as the polymer content increased. The effect of the waste plastic on ageing was comparable to the effects associated with the conventional polymers, and it was concluded that the waste plastic binder modified products should be considered sustainable alternatives to standard polymers for bituminous binder and asphalt mixture modification.

Characteristics and Applications of the AAm-Grafting PE

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1457-1460
Author(s):  
Liang Hsign Chou ◽  
Maw Tien Lee
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Interfacial Zone ◽  
Waste Plastics ◽  
Surface Functional Groups ◽  
Hydrophobic Property ◽  
Acrylamide Monomer

Waste plastics are environment problems needed to be solved. Amount of studies have showed that waste plastics can be used as a part of construction materials. However, the hydrophobic property of organic polymers is a fatal issue should be solved. In this study, acrylamide monomer (AAm) was grafted onto PE surface by using benzophenone (BP) as a photoinitiator. Contact angle, surface functional groups, and surface morphology of PE films were characterized for original and AAM-grafting PE films. The interfacial zone of PE and CSH was observed with SEM. Experimental results showed that AAm could be successfully grafted onto PE surface. The hydrohilicity of PE was enhanced by AAm grafting.

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

200kv superconducting cryo electron microscope

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
M. Iwatsuki ◽  
Y. Kokubo ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Crystal Fields ◽  
Special Skill ◽  
Long Time

In recent years, the electron microscope has been significantly improved in resolution and we can obtain routinely atomic-level high resolution images without any special skill. With this improvement, the structure analysis of organic materials has become one of the interesting targets in the biological and polymer crystal fields.Up to now, X-ray structure analysis has been mainly used for such materials. With this method, however, great effort and a long time are required for specimen preparation because of the need for larger crystals. This method can analyze average crystal structure but is insufficient for interpreting it on the atomic or molecular level. The electron microscopic method for organic materials has not only the advantage of specimen preparation but also the capability of providing various information from extremely small specimen regions, using strong interactions between electrons and the substance. On the other hand, however, this strong interaction has a big disadvantage in high radiation damage.

STM of freeze-fracture replicas: Problems and promises

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
J. T. Woodward ◽  
J. A. N. Zasadzinski
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Molecular Scale ◽  
Organic Surfaces ◽  
Metal Layers ◽  
Conductive Surfaces

The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) offers exciting new ways of imaging surfaces of biological or organic materials with resolution to the sub-molecular scale. Rigid, conductive surfaces can readily be imaged with the STM with atomic resolution. Unfortunately, organic surfaces are neither sufficiently conductive or rigid enough to be examined directly with the STM. At present, nonconductive surfaces can be examined in two ways: 1) Using the AFM, which measures the deflection of a weak spring as it is dragged across the surface, or 2) coating or replicating non-conductive surfaces with metal layers so as to make them conductive, then imaging with the STM. However, we have found that the conventional freeze-fracture technique, while extremely useful for imaging bulk organic materials with STM, must be modified considerably for optimal use in the STM.

Stabilizing pyritic material

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Wolberg
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Iron Minerals ◽  
Pyrite Formation ◽  
Organic Sediments ◽  
Freshwater Environments

The minerals pyrite and marcasite (broadly termed pyritic minerals) are iron sulfides that are common if not ubiquitous in sedimentary rocks, especially in association with organic materials (Berner, 1970). In most marine sedimentary associations, pyrite and marcasite are associated with organic sediments rich in dissolved sulfate and iron minerals. Because of the rapid consumption of sulfate in freshwater environments, however, pyrite formation is more restricted in nonmarine sediments (Berner, 1983). The origin of the sulfur in nonmarine environments must lie within pre-existing rocks or volcanic detritus; a relatively small, but significant contribution may derive from plant and animal decomposition products.

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