scholarly journals Enhancing Label Representations with Relational Inductive Bias Constraint for Fine-Grained Entity Typing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinqing Li ◽  
Xiaojun Chen ◽  
Dakui Wang ◽  
Yuwei Li
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Inductive Bias ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Experiments ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Public Datasets

Fine-Grained Entity Typing (FGET) is a task that aims at classifying an entity mention into a wide range of entity label types. Recent researches improve the task performance by imposing the label-relational inductive bias based on the hierarchy of labels or label co-occurrence graph. However, they usually overlook explicit interactions between instances and labels which may limit the capability of label representations. Therefore, we propose a novel method based on a two-phase graph network for the FGET task to enhance the label representations, via imposing the relational inductive biases of instance-to-label and label-to-label. In the phase 1, instance features will be introduced into label representations to make the label representations more representative. In the phase 2, interactions of labels will capture dependency relationships among them thus make label representations more smooth. During prediction, we introduce a pseudo-label generator for the construction of the two-phase graph. The input instances differ from batch to batch so that the label representations are dynamic. Experiments on three public datasets verify the effectiveness and stability of our proposed method and achieve state-of-the-art results on their testing sets.

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma in SurePath™ Cervical Samples: Cytological Features Revisited

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini Gupta ◽  
John Crossley ◽  
Nick Dudding ◽  
John H.F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology

Objective: The cytomorphological criteria of malignant endometrial lesions in cervical samples are less well described than those of cervical lesions. We wished to investigate if there were features in SurePath™ liquid-based cytology samples that would facilitate more accurate differentiation between benign and malignant endometrial cells. Study Design: This was a two-phase study, with a review of all SurePath™ samples reported as endometrial adenocarcinoma (n = 42) evaluating 12 cytological features in the first phase. In phase 2 (test set), all initial cases plus an additional 83 cases were reviewed using these 12 cytological features to predict the outcome. Results: Out of 12 cytological features evaluated in phase 1 (training set), nuclear chromatin pattern, apoptotic bodies and tingible body macrophages were found to be the most significant features determining malignant histological outcome. These 12 cytological features were re-evaluated in phase 2 (n = 125). Of 125 cases, 54 had a benign and 71 had a malignant or premalignant histological outcome, with a positive predictive value of 56.8%. Conclusion: Granular nuclear chromatin, tingible body macrophages and apoptosis in the background are the most significant factors in determining whether endometrial cells present in cervical samples represent malignancy or are benign. Using these features, relatively accurate predictions of endometrial pathology can be made.

scholarly journals Mosaic Super-resolution via Sequential Feature Pyramid Networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Shoeiby ◽  
Mohammad Ali Armin ◽  
Sadegh Aliakbarian ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Lars petersson
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feature Pyramid ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Convolutional Lstm ◽  
Mosaic Images

<div>Advances in the design of multi-spectral cameras have</div><div>led to great interests in a wide range of applications, from</div><div>astronomy to autonomous driving. However, such cameras</div><div>inherently suffer from a trade-off between the spatial and</div><div>spectral resolution. In this paper, we propose to address</div><div>this limitation by introducing a novel method to carry out</div><div>super-resolution on raw mosaic images, multi-spectral or</div><div>RGB Bayer, captured by modern real-time single-shot mo-</div><div>saic sensors. To this end, we design a deep super-resolution</div><div>architecture that benefits from a sequential feature pyramid</div><div>along the depth of the network. This, in fact, is achieved</div><div>by utilizing a convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM) to learn the</div><div>inter-dependencies between features at different receptive</div><div>fields. Additionally, by investigating the effect of different</div><div>attention mechanisms in our framework, we show that a</div><div>ConvLSTM inspired module is able to provide superior at-</div><div>tention in our context. Our extensive experiments and anal-</div><div>yses evidence that our approach yields significant super-</div><div>resolution quality, outperforming current state-of-the-art</div><div>mosaic super-resolution methods on both Bayer and multi-</div><div>spectral images. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge,</div><div>our method is the first specialized method to super-resolve</div><div>mosaic images, whether it be multi-spectral or Bayer.</div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals Developing a realist theory of psychosocial rehabilitation: the Clubhouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Mutschler ◽  
Jen Rouse ◽  
Kelly McShane ◽  
Criss Habal-Brosek
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Psychosocial Rehabilitation ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Realist Evaluation ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Clubhouse Model ◽  
Two Phases

Background Psychosocial rehabilitation is a service that supports recovery from mental illness by providing opportunities for skill development, self-determination, and social interaction. One type of psychosocial rehabilitation is the Clubhouse model. The purpose of the current project was to create, test, and refine a realist theory of psychosocial rehabilitation at Progress Place, an accredited Clubhouse. Method Realist evaluation is a theory driven evaluation that uncovers contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes, in order to develop a theory as to how a program works. The current study involved two phases, encompassing four steps: Phase 1 included (1) initial theory development and (2) initial theory refinement; and Phase 2 included (3) theory testing and (4) refinement. Results The data from this two-phase approach identified three demi-regularities of recovery comprised of specific mechanisms and outcomes: the Restorative demi-regularity, the Reaffirming demi-regularity, and the Re-engaging demi-regularity. The theory derived from these demi-regularities suggests that there are various mechanisms that produce outcomes of recovery from the psychosocial rehabilitation perspective, and as such, it is necessary that programs promote a multifaceted, holistic perspective on recovery. Conclusions The realist evaluation identified that Progress Place promotes recovery for members. Additional research on the Clubhouse model should be conducted to further validate that the model initiates change and promotes recovery outcomes.

scholarly journals A first-in-human phase 1 dose escalation study of spartalizumab (PDR001), an anti–PD-1 antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aung Naing ◽  
Justin F Gainor ◽  
Hans Gelderblom ◽  
Patrick M Forde ◽  
Marcus O Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Advanced Solid Tumors ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Dose Escalation Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Tumor Biopsies

BackgroundSpartalizumab is a humanized IgG4κ monoclonal antibody that binds programmed death-1 (PD-1) and blocks its interaction with PD-L1 and PD-L2. This phase 1/2 study was designed to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of spartalizumab in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors.MethodsIn the phase 1 part of the study, 58 patients received spartalizumab, intravenously, at doses of 1, 3, or 10 mg/kg, administered every 2 weeks (Q2W), or 3 or 5 mg/kg every 4 weeks (Q4W).ResultsPatients had a wide range of tumor types, most commonly sarcoma (28%) and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (10%); other tumor types were reported in ≤3 patients each. Most patients (93%) had received prior antineoplastic therapy (median three prior lines) and two-thirds of the population had tumor biopsies negative for PD-L1 expression at baseline. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The recommended phase 2 doses were selected as 400 mg Q4W or 300 mg Q3W. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed, and adverse events included those typical of other PD-1 antibodies. The most common treatment-related adverse events of any grade were fatigue (22%), diarrhea (17%), pruritus (14%), hypothyroidism (10%), and nausea (10%). Partial responses occurred in two patients (response rate 3.4%); one with atypical carcinoid tumor of the lung and one with anal cancer. Paired tumor biopsies from patients taken at baseline and on treatment suggested an on-treatment increase in CD8+ lymphocyte infiltration in patients with clinical benefit.ConclusionsSpartalizumab was well tolerated at all doses tested in patients with previously treated advanced solid tumors. On-treatment immune activation was seen in tumor biopsies; however, limited clinical activity was reported in this heavily pretreated, heterogeneous population. The phase 2 part of this study is ongoing in select tumor types.Trial registration numberNCT02404441.

scholarly journals Whole system approaches to health in higher education

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-258
Author(s):  
Mark Dooris ◽  
Alan Farrier ◽  
Susan Powell ◽  
Maxine Holt
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Strategic Influence ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on an evaluation of the UK Healthy Universities Network (UKHUN), which explored engagement of network members; identified what members value about the network; examined facilitators and barriers to engagement; and informed the network’s future development. Design/methodology/approach The study was a two phase mixed-method study, with participants being staff from Higher Education institutions. Phase 1 involved a documentary review and an online 14-question survey (n=32). Phase 2 comprised follow-up semi-structured interviews and focus groups, conducted using Skype (n=11). These were audio recorded and transcripts were thematically analysed in a two-stage process. Findings A number of key themes emerged from the thematic analysis: value of network meetings and events; popularity of the network website; increased communication and collaboration; sense of leadership offered by the network; interest and inclusion of an international perspective; importance of institutional support. Research limitations/implications Only six universities who are involved in the network took part in Phase 2. Although a range of organisations were chosen purposively, it is possible that additional key issues at other universities were excluded. Originality/value The UKHUN is valued by its membership, particularly its biannual meetings, online presence, leadership, ethos and communication methods. Key barriers include the capacity of staff to attend meetings and contribute to the network, influenced by a lack of institutional commitment and prioritisation. Findings from the evaluation have informed a “refresh” of the network’s website and a revision of its membership structure, as well as guiding its positioning to achieve greater strategic influence.

A computationally fast approach to maximum‐likelihood deconvolution

Geophysics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong‐Yung Chi ◽  
Jerry M. Mendel ◽  
Dan Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Nonminimum Phase ◽  
Fast Approach ◽  
Fine Adjustment

In this paper we derive and implement a maximum‐likelihood deconvolution (MLD) algorithm, based on the same channel and statistical models used by Kormylo and Mendel (1983a), that leads to many fewer computations than their MLD algorithm. Both algorithms can simultaneously estimate a nonminimum phase wavelet and statistical parameters, detect locations of significant reflectors, and deconvolve the data. Our MLD algorithm is implemented by a two‐phase block component method (BCM). The phase‐1 block functions like a coarse adjustment of unknown quantities and provides a set of good initial conditions for the phase‐2 block, which functions like a fine adjustment of unknown quantities. We demonstrate good performance of our algorithm for both synthetic and real data.

scholarly journals P011 Sharing is caring: a regional service development project exploring secondary immunosuppression in children

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua L Bennett ◽  
Christo Tsilifis ◽  
Aisling Flinn ◽  
Thomas Altmann ◽  
Nathaniel Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agent ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background/Aims  The range of approved immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory (IM) agents has grown considerably with an increasing list of indications across paediatric specialties. At present, there is limited evidence supporting best practice for prescribing and monitoring of IM agents in children and young people (CYP). We present a staged service development project exploring cross-specialty prescribing and monitoring of IM agents at a tertiary children’s hospital (Great North Children’s Hospital, GNCH) and data sharing with local hospitals across northeast England. Methods  In Phase 1, we searched pharmacy databases and surveyed specialty teams in GNCH to identify clinicians regularly prescribing IM agents to CYP over a twelve-month period. Phase 2 was a cross-specialty retrospective case-notes review of prescribing, monitoring and infection surveillance in a representative sample of CYP on IM agents. Phase 3 explored information sharing with six other hospitals in the region and acute presentations to these sites involving CYP on IM agents. Results  Phase 1 identified 9 paediatric and 2 adult specialties prescribing IM agents to 416 CYP. 32 discrete IM therapies were prescribed with significant between-specialty overlap in drugs prescribed but a wide range of prescribing and monitoring practices. Phase 2 assessed 77 CYP on IM agents in detail - 57% were prescribed &gt;1 IM agent, 100% had FBC measured at least once (range once only to weekly), 18% developed lymphopenia at least once and 40% were prescribed prophylactic antibiotics. Previous varicella exposure had been assessed in 70%. Phase 3 data are summarised in Table 1. P011 Table 1:Information sharing and acute presentations to regional hospitals local to immunosuppressed patientsTotal number of patients141Mean age in years (range)11 (2 - 17)NDiagnosisJIA without uveitis108JIA with uveitis9Uveitis alone8Systemic JIA4Period fever4Behçet’s disease2Juvenile dermatomyositis2Scleroderma1Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus1Mixed connective tissue disease1Granulomatosis with polyangiitis1Immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agent usedAdalimumab65Methotrexate42Tocilizumab22Mycophenolate mofetil10Etanercept10Infliximab5Sulfasalazine5Prednisolone4Abatacept4Leflunomide4Canakinumab2Colchicine2Anakinra2Rituximab2Cyclophosphamide1Number of immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agents per patient3 agents52 agents441 agent92Number of acute presentations by diagnosis or presenting complaint (n = 19)Fever4Chickenpox4Viral upper respiratory tract infection2Joint pain2Abdominal pain2Rash2Eye infection1Tonsilitis1Wheeze1Yes (%)No (%)Named local consultant (n = 129)3763Correct diagnosis recorded locally (n = 130)8020Correct immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agent recorded locally (n = 130)5050Open access for febrile illness (n = 116)4159Reviewed in past 2 years for acute illness (n = 109)1783Note: presented numbers for immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory agents are not mutually exclusive. JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis Conclusion  IM agents are central to modern paediatric clinical care across a wide range of diseases. This staged project identified significant variation in IM prescribing and monitoring practice between specialties at GNCH. Communication between specialty and local teams is inadequate. Particular areas of concern include limited diagnostic, blood monitoring and medication information sharing and limited local information governing management of intercurrent illness and vaccination. Although different disease processes can necessitate different advice and prescribing practices, sharing examples of good practice will minimise unnecessary variation. We propose the development of a regional immunosuppression working group to improve quality and safety across our region. Disclosure  J.L. Bennett: None. C. Tsilifis: None. A. Flinn: None. T. Altmann: None. N. Jansen: None. H. Tumelty: None. K. Aitken: None. S. Bhopal: None. E. Harrison: None. S. Ravenscroft: None. E. Sen: None. E. Williams: None. T. Flood: None. S. Sampath: None. A. Battersby: None. F. McErlane: None.

scholarly journals Early Diagnostic Marker Panel Determination for Microarray Based Clinical Studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Jaeger ◽  
Dieter Weichenhan ◽  
Boris Ivandic ◽  
Rainer Spang
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Marker Panel ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Cost Efficient

We present a novel, cost efficient two-phase design for predictive clinical gene expression studies: early marker panel determination (EMPD). In Phase-1, genome-wide microarrays are used only for a small number of individual patient samples. From this Phase-1 data a panel of marker genes is derived. In Phase-2, the expression values of these marker panel genes are measured for a large group of patients and a predictive classification model is learned from this data. Phase-2 does not require the use of expensive whole genome microarrays, thus making EMPD a cost efficient alternative for current trials. The expected performance loss of EMPD is compared to designs which use genome-wide microarrays for all patients. We also examine the trade-off between the number of patients included in Phase-1 and the number of marker genes required in Phase-2. By analysis of five published datasets we find that in Phase-1 already 16 patients per group are sufficient to determine a suitable marker panel of 10 genes, and that this early decision compromises the final performance only marginally.

scholarly journals Stem cell factor amplifies newborn and sickle erythropoiesis in liquid cultures

Blood ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 2591-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Weinberg ◽  
JC Thomson ◽  
R Lao ◽  
G Chen ◽  
BP Alter
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor

A two-phase liquid-culture system was used to substantially amplify and differentiate erythroblasts, starting with mononuclear cells from the blood of normal adults, newborn infants, and patients with sickle cell anemia. After the first 7 days (phase 1), in medium plus fetal bovine serum (FBS) alone, or in combination with stem cell factor (SCF) or conditioned medium (CM), the cell number was unchanged, and the cells all looked like lymphocytes. These cells were then diluted into medium with erythropoietin (Ep) alone, with Ep and either SCF or CM, or in methylcellulose with the same factors (phase 2). After 14 days in liquid phase 2 with SCF and Ep, the cell numbers increased an average of 30-fold in the sickle, 24-fold in the newborn, and 4-fold in the normal adult cultures; almost all the cells were erythroblasts and erythrocytes. SCF in phase 1 increased the number of late progenitors (CFU-E) assayed in methylcellulose, with the largest number in sickle, followed by newborn cultures and then adult cultures. We conclude that erythroid progenitor cells survive for at least 7 days without Ep (but with FBS). Progenitor cells are amplified, particularly with SCF. Later in culture, SCF with Ep increases the final number of differentiated erythroid cells. Both the early and the late effects of SCF are most effective in sickle, followed by newborn cultures and then adult cultures.

scholarly journals 63. Impact of Infectious Disease Fellow-Driven Antimicrobial Stewardship Interventions on Inpatient Fluoroquinolone Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S150-S150
Author(s):  
Carlos M Nunez ◽  
Arun Mattappallil ◽  
Katie A McCrink ◽  
Debbie Rybak ◽  
Basil Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics are frequently used in hospitalized patients to treat a wide range of infections but are often misused and implicated in antibiotic-associated adverse events. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of Infectious Disease fellow (IDF)-driven antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) interventions on inpatient FQ use. Methods This is a retrospective study of all admitted patients who received a FQ for greater than 48 hours from 01/01/2019 -12/31/2020 in an urban academic center. “Phase 1” (pre-intervention phase) covered 01/1/2019- 03/31/2019. “Phase 2” (intervention phase) covered 03/03/2020- 12/23/2020. In “Phase 2”, our ASP reviewed FQ use 2-3 days per week and an IDF provided feedback interventions that averaged 30-60 minutes of IDF time spent per day. We categorized FQ use as either: “appropriate”, “appropriate but not preferred”, or “inappropriate”, as determined by local clinical guidelines and ASP team opinion. We compared FQ use in both phases, indications for FQ use, and new Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI). Results A total of 386 patients are included (76 in “Phase 1”and 310 in “Phase 2”). Patient characteristics are similar (Table 1). Overall, 63 % of FQ use was empiric, and 50% FQ use was deemed “appropriate”, 28% “appropriate but not preferred”, and 22% “inappropriate”. In “Phase 2”, 126 interventions were conducted, with 86% of these accepted. Appropriate FQ use increased significantly in “Phase 2” vs. “Phase 1” (53.5% vs 35.5%, p = 0.008), with decrease in mean days of FQ use (4.38 days vs 5.87 days, p =.021). Table 2 shows “appropriate” FQ use by clinical indication. New CDIs occurred more in “Phase 1” vs. “Phase 2” (6.6% vs 0.6%, p=.001). Conclusion An IDF-driven ASP intervention has a positive impact on appropriate inpatient use of FQs in our hospital. This highlights a promising ASP model which not only improves appropriate use of FQ, but also offers an opportunity for IDF mentorship and use of available resources to promote ASPs. Disclosures Katie A. McCrink, PharmD, ViiV Healthcare (Employee)

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