scholarly journals Antioxidant and Cardiac Enzyme Marker Studies of Thevetia peruviana Seed Hydro-Methanol Extract in Wistar Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
EA Nesy ◽  
J Padikkala ◽  
L Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana ◽  
Dose Dependent

Thevetia peruviana seed kernels are used for suicide attempts in many countries centuries back. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of toxicity exposure of seed kernels by acute and subacute studies on male wistar rats taking antioxidant enzyme levels in the vital organs like liver, kidney, heart and brain tissues myocardial marker enzyme levels in serum. Results revealed that antioxidant enzyme (SOD, GPX, GSH) levels was normal in the lower groups (25, 50 mg/kg), but drastic hike was observed in CKMB and LDH cardiac biomarker enzyme levels in 100 mg/ kg groups. In the liver tissues of group IV animals a significant dose dependent increase was observed in the activities of SOD (3.15 ± 0.58), GPx (46.55 ± 4.79) and GSH activity (18.20 ± 0.56). In kidney homogenates SOD and GSH level showed a statistically insignificant (p > 0.05) elevation, but the increase in GPx level shown by group IV animals (41.50 ± 7.04) was significant (p < 0.05) The activities of SOD in brain homogenates were increased significantly in group III (2.17 ± 0.24) and group IV (2.51 ± 0.27) animals. The GPx enzyme level also increased dose dependently (p < 0.01), but the level of GSH was found an insignificant hike. The heart, supposed to be the most adversely affected organ on cardiac glycoside administration, showed undisturbed values of enzyme levels. A noticeable elevation was observed in the serum CKMB and LDH enzyme levels in a dose dependent manner, but the extract did affect only the higher dosed animals (100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05), In contrary to that, tissue homogenates of subacute animals under study showed a markedly significant hike in both CKMB and LDH levels. In conclusion, the level of toxicity and safety margin is very narrow, and the seeds really take lives of organisms, whose intake is accidentally or deliberately. 

EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF SELECTED FRUIT PEEL EXTRACTS AND THEIR POLY HERBAL MIXTURE ON CCL4 INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY: AN IN VIVO STUDY

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (09) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Gana Manjusha Kondepudi ◽  
Battu Ganga Rao ◽  
P Balakrishnaiah
Keyword(s):  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Peel Extract

The main aim of this study was to screen the selected fruit peel extracts and their polyherbal mixture (PHM) for hepatoprotective activity. Male wistar albino rats (180-200 g), divided into 12 groups after induction of hepatotoxicity, were treated with selected fruit peel extracts and PHM and at the end of 14th day blood and liver samples were collected and analysed. The aqueous peel extract of Malus pumila was a better hepatoprotective among the selected peel extracts. The activities might be due to the conditioning of hepatocytes by protecting the integrity of the membrane from CCl4 induced leakage of serum markers into circulation. All the selected plant extracts and PHM were shown to revert back the liver enzymes to the normal values in diseased rats in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, the selected fruit peel extracts and poly herbal mixture can be a potent hepatoprotective agent due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.

Protective Role of Raphanus Sativus Root Extract on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaturvedi ◽  
George ◽  
Machacha
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Serum Glutamate

The methanol extract of Raphanus sativus root extract showed a protective effect on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Degree of lipid peroxidation caused by paracetamol was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protection was measured in reference to serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate aspartate transaminase (SGPT), and blood and hepatic levels of antioxidants like glutathione and catalase. Administration of extract along with paracetamol showed significant protection. Levels of TBARS were found to be low, activities of SGOT and SGPT were low, while hepatic glutathione levels were significantly higher in experimental rats that received the mixture of paracetamol and the extract as compared to rats that received paracetamol only. Activities of catalase were also high in all experimental groups. Thus this study indicates the involvement of Raphanus sativus root extract with antioxidants like glutathione and catalase in rendering protection against paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity.

Rehmannia glutinosa Activates Intracellular Antioxidant Enzyme Systems in Mouse Auditory Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 1083-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon-Hee Yu ◽  
Yeon-Hwa Kim ◽  
Su-Young Jung ◽  
Mee-Kyung Shin ◽  
Rae-Kil Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rehmannia Glutinosa ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Enzyme Systems ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Gpx Activity

Steamed roots of Rehmannia glutinosa (R. glutinosa) have been traditionally used in Oriental medicine for the treatment of auditory diseases such as tinnitus and hearing loss. To investigate whether the ethanol extract of steamed roots of R. glutinosa (SRG) increases activity of antioxidant enzymes and the level of glutathione (GSH), we measured activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione reductase (GR) and GSH level in HEI-OC1 cells after treatment with 5–50 μg/ml of SRG. The SOD and CAT activities were significantly increased in the presence of SRG compared to the control group. Maximal activities of SOD and CAT were observed in these cells exposed to 10 μg/ml of SRG. The GPX activity also increased dramatically in response to the treatment with SRG in a dose-dependent manner. The GR activity was only increased in the presence of 50 μg/ml of SRG compared to the control group. The level of GSH gradually increased in the presence of 5–50 μg/ml of SRG. In the cytotoxicity test, 5–50 μg/ml of SRG did not show any significant cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the traditional use of R. glutinosa for the treatment of auditory diseases may be explained, in part, by activation of intracellular antioxidant enzyme systems. Further studies are necessary to clarify the active constituents of SRG responsible for such biomolecular activities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of aqueous extract of Nerium oleander flowers in albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
Shashikala G. H. ◽  
Shilpa B. N. ◽  
Mansi J. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Anxiety has become a very important area of research interest in psychopharmacology as it affects one-eighth of the population worldwide. Benzodiazepines are still the most commonly used drugs for anxiety despite a number of side effects.There is a need for newer antianxiety drugs with increased safety and efficacy, hence this study was undertaken to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of Nerium oleander flowers.Methods: Aqueous extract of Nerium oleander flowers (NA) was prepared using soxhalet apparatus. A total of 24 Albino rats aged 8-10 weeks of either sex weighing about 100-150g were obtained and divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Group I: Normal saline 10mL/kg. Group II: Diazepam 2mg/kg Group III: NA at a dose of 200 mg/kg Group IV: NA at a dose of 400mg/kg. The anxiolytic activity of Aqueous extract of NA was tested by elevated plus maze and digital actophotometer models. Data was analysed using one way ANOVA followed by Posthoc Tukey’s test.Results: In EPM model, the NA at 200, 400mg/kg doses showed that the number of entries and time spent in the open arms were increased significantly as compared to the control animals. (p<0.001). In Actophoptometer model, two different doses of NA (200 and 400mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent decrease in the locomotor activity, when compared to the control animals (p<0.001).Conclusions: Both the doses of aqueous extract of Nerium oleander flowers (200mg and 400mg/kg) possess anxiolytic activity and could be used as a new approach to treat anxiety.

scholarly journals Anti-arthralgic activity of the n-hexane extract (HTp) of yellow oleander seeds; Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Ifunanya Odimegwu ◽  
Fatiha Oyebola Olabisi
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Test Subject ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Cardioactive Glycosides ◽  
Dose Dependent

Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. (Apocynaceae) seeds are known to possess cardioactive glycosides such as thevetin A, thevetin B, nerifolin etc. They are also used locally for general pain relief for which there is no scientific evidence to our knowledge. Arthralgia is regarded generally as pain without inflammation. It is endemic in the society and sufferers continue to imbibe pain relieving drugs in their tons all over the world. Analgesic activity test was carried out using the formalin-induced pain models, at 0.1g, 0.2g and 0.3g/kg doses of n-hexane extracts of Thevetia peruviana seeds (HTp) in Wistar mice. Diclofenac was used as positive control. Acute toxicity test was carried out at doses of 1000, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg weight of test subject. It was observed that HTp at concentrations of 0.1g, 0.2g and 0.3g/kg showed significant analgesic effect at compared to the control. The percentage inhibition observed was 29.60%, 44.80% and 50.72% for the early pain phase and 100% for the late pain phase respectively, indicating HTps NSAID-like property. HTp showed the highest percentage inhibition at 300 mg/kg (50.72 %) and significant; P < 0.005 pain reduction. HTp did not produce any toxicity up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg weight which is very interesting as the seeds are known for their toxicity due to the cardiac glycoside presence. The results of the study suggest that HTp does indeed relieve pain significantly in a dose dependent manner, thus justifying its use in management of arthralgia. Keywords: Arthralgia, Herbal medicine, Pain,Thevetia peruviana, yellow oleander

scholarly journals Effect of cimetidine on cyclophosphamide-induced liver toxicity in albino rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Adikwu ◽  
Bonsome Bokolo
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hepatocyte Necrosis ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: The clinical use of cyclophosphamide (CP) has been characterised by liver toxicity.Aims and Objectives: This research assessed the effect of cimetidine against CP-induced liver toxicity in a rat model.Material and Methods: Forty eight albino rats divided into 8 groups (A-H) of 6 rats per group gage were used for this study. Group A (control) was administered with water while groups B-D were administered with 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg/day of cimetidine intraperitoneally (ip) for 5 days respectively. Group E was administered with 150 mg/kg of CP ip on the 5th day whereas groups F-H were administered with 5 10, and 20 mg/kg/day of cimetidine for 5 days and CP ip on the 5th day. Rats were subjected to an overnight fast and sacrificed on the sixth day. Serum was extracted from blood and liver function parameters were evaluated. Liver was excised and evaluated for biochemical parameters and histology.Results: CP treatment had no significant (P>0.05) effects on body and liver weights, but significant (P<0.05) increases in alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma, glatamyl transferase, total bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin and malondialdehyde levels were observed when compared to control. Furthermore, significant (P<0.05) decreases in liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidise were obtained in CP-administered rats when compared to control. The Liver of CP-treated rat shows hepatocyte necrosis around the central veins. However, CP-induced liver damage was significantly (P<0.05; 0.01) ameliorated in a dose-dependent manner in rats administered with cimetidine prior to the administration of CP.Conclusion: Cimetidine ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced liver toxicity in albino rats.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(5) 2018 50-56

scholarly journals Thiamethoxam Actara® induced alterations in kidney liver cerebellum and hippocampus of male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassina Khaldoun-Oularbi ◽  
Noura Bouzid ◽  
Soumia Boukreta ◽  
Chahrazed Makhlouf ◽  
Fariza Derriche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Dose Dependent

Thiamethoxam (TMX), a second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, is one of the most widely used insecticides in Algeria. The present study assessed the effects of repeated subchronic exposure to the commercial formulation of thiamethoxam (Actara®, 25% WG) in albino male rats. The toxic effects of thiamethoxam (TMX) were studied biochemically and histopathologically. Twenty-eight male albino rats weighing between 226 and 243 g were randomly assigned to four groups. One group served as control, and the other three were served as experimental groups administered a neonicotinoid thiamethoxam (TMX; 26, 39 and 78 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. The effects of the insecticide on various biochemical parameters were evaluated at 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Histopathological studies were carried out in the liver, kidney, cerebellum and hippocampus at the end of the experiment. Changes in biochemical parameters glucose, ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), γGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) ALP (alkaline phosphatase) urea and creatinine were observed in treated-groups in a dose dependent manner when compared to the control. Histopathological alterations were more intense in male rats from the TMX high dose group than those from group 2 and 3. Based on these results, subchronic oral administration of thiamethoxam altered the biochemical parameters, which correlated with histopathological changes in the liver kidney and brain.

scholarly journals ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MAXIMUS LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nishanta Thakuria ◽  
Swarnamoni Das ◽  
Babul Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Citrus maximus (EECM) leaves of maximal electroshock seizure (MES) andpentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats and mice.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was carried out by MES model and PTZ-induced clonic convulsions model; in each model, albino rats (Wistar strain)of either sex were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. One group was used as control (3% w/v gum acacia), one as standard(phenytoin), and three groups for the test drug of EECM leaves (doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) treatment. The reduction in time or abolition of tonicextensor phase of MES-convulsions was recorded for all the animals. In PTZ model, either delay or complete abolition of convulsions in rats treatedwith diazepam and EECM leaves was noted for all the animals.Result: EECM leaves reduced the extensor phase of convulsion in MES in a dose-dependent manner and decrease in the duration of convulsions in PTZmodel with increasing dose. Anticonvulsant activity was seen maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg.Conclusions: Thus, from the above two seizure models of MES and PTZ, it can be concluded that EECM leaves have got an anticonvulsant effect in anincreasing dose-dependent manner.Keywords: Anticonvulsant, Citrus maximus, Maximal electroshock seizure, Pentylenetetrazol.

Evaluation of the possible hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potentials of the Averrhoa carambola juice extract in female albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. Aba ◽  
Augustus U. Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Acute Study ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractBackgroundAverrhoa carambola fruit is consumed by many people because of its sweetness and medicinal values. However, there is a dearth of researched information on its complete toxicity profile. This study investigated the possible toxicity potentials of star fruit juice in female albino rats.MethodsThirty-five rats assigned into seven groups of five rats each and administered with varying doses (0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg) of the juice were used for acute toxicity studies. Another 20 rats assigned to four groups (A–D) of five rats each were administered the juice at 0, 600, 400 and 200 mg/kg body weight orally for 28 days. On the 29th day, whole blood, sera and vital organs were collected for hematological, serum biochemical and histopathological analyses, respectively.ResultsAcute study results indicate that the juice was safe even at 5000 mg/kg after 48 h. In the subacute studies, there were no significant (p < 0.05) differences in all hematological parameters, total protein, albumin and globulin values of the treated groups compared with those of the control group. The aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as urea, creatinine and malondialdehyde values of the rats treated with the juice were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of the control rats in a dose-dependent manner. The liver and kidney histomorphologies of the rats treated with the juice showed lesions of degeneration and necrosis when compared with those of the control.ConclusionThe juice of A. carambola is both nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic but had no deleterious effects on the hematology.

scholarly journals An Effective Phytoconstituent Aconitine: A Realistic Approach for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dilek Çankal ◽  
Esra Küpeli Akkol ◽  
Yeliz Kılınç ◽  
Mert İlhan ◽  
Raffaele Capasso
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Infraorbital Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Trigeminal neuralgia pain remains a challenge to treat. Natural compounds may be promising options for relieving pain. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of aconitine in a rat model of trigeminal neuralgia pain. Infraorbital nerve chronic constriction injury was performed in adult Wistar Albino rats. After the neuropathic pain developed, the rats were assigned to one of the treatment groups: carbamazepine 40 or 80 mg/kg; aconitine 0.25, 0.50, or 0.75 mg/kg; or saline injection (control group). Behavioral testing with von Frey filaments and the rotarod test were carried out before the surgical procedure and on the 24th to 29th postoperative days. Following the completion of tests, ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cords were harvested for Western blot analyses to assess NR-1 protein expression. ANOVA followed by Mann-Whitney U test was performed for the statistical analyses. P values of <0.05 were considered significant. Aconitine significantly reduced mechanical sensitivity in a dose-dependent manner. A significant reduction in motor coordination was noted for the higher doses of aconitine which was similar with the 40 and 80 mg/kg doses of carbamazepine. NR-1 expression was reduced in the ipsilateral spinal cord, whereas no significant difference was noted between the groups in the expression of NR-1 in the contralateral spinal cord. Aconitine had a significant pain relieving effect, which was similar to carbamazepine, in a dose-dependent manner. Aconitine may be an alternative pharmacological agent for the control of trigeminal neuralgia pain.

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