scholarly journals ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION UNDER EXPERIMENTAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE. POSSIBLE WAYS OF PHARMACOCORRECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Polkovnikov ◽  
◽  
Sergii Pavlov ◽  
Igor Belenichev ◽  
Nataliya Matolinets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Experimental Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
General Activity ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

Purpose of the article: to study the effect of acelysine and nimodipine on certain endothelial dysfunction indicators and to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Materials and Methods: an experimental study was carried out using 50 Wistar rats of both sexes. Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage was modeled in animals. Three groups of animals were identified: a control group, a group of animals received a standard therapeutic dose of acelysine, and a group received a standard therapeutic dose of nimotop. Each group included 15 animals. There were also 5 intact animals. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on days 4 and 7 after the motor and exploratory activity determination. Motor and exploratory activity determination was carried out following SAH with the “Open Field” technique. Determination of biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction was performed in a rat brain homogenate. Results and discussion. It was found that modeling of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) led to the oxidative stress development development and the product of oxidative modification of proteins (nitrotyrosine (Ntz) on the 4th and especially on the 7th day of the experiment) increase in the brain tissues. Starting from the 4th day, we registered a compensatory increase in the activity of NO-synthase (NOS) - by 56%, followed by a decrease in its activity on the 7th day, by more than 33% against the intact group of animals. It was registered a compensatory increase in VEGF-A in rats with SAH modeling on the 4th day of the experiment and its further decrease on the 7th day. The established pathobiochemical changes in the brain tissue were accompanied by the cognitive deficit development in experimental animals, especially on the 7th day of the SAH. SAH led to a significant decrease in the total activity of animals by 2.63 times, a decrease in the distance traveled by animals by 1.89 times, the number of freezes increased by 1.86 times and the immobility of animals increased when moving from the periphery to the center and immobility in the center of the arena (anxiety, fear, disorientation), as well as a decrease in the distance traveled and the speed of movement in illuminated center of the arena 2 and 2.6 times, respectively. Experimental therapy with acelysine 15 mg/kg led to the normalization of biochemical indicators of endothelial dysfunction: concentration of nitrotyrosine, starting from the 4th day of the experiment, increased eNOS activity and VEGF-A concentration (by 75% and 64% on 7th day). The administration of namidopine led to less pronounced effects, statistically significant changes occurred only in relation to the VEGF-A concentration. Administration of namidopine resulted in only a slight increase in VEGF-A concentration. Acelysine and nimotope significantly increased the total activity of rats on the 7th day after SAH by 76.3% and 48.8%, respectively. In animals treated with acelysine, anxiety and fear decreased. The animals were less aggressive and more empathic - long-term grooming increased 3 times. The administration of nimotop in rats survived SAH had a less pronounced positive effect on behavior. Nimotop did not effect on indicators of general activity and did not increase the total distance traveled. Animals received nimtop were inactive by the 7th day of treatment. Conclusions: Experimental therapy with acelysine led to the normalization of biochemical parameters of endothelial dysfunction, namely nitrotyrosine concentration, starting from the 4th day of the experiment and increased eNOS activity and VEGF-A concentration. It should be noted that, in contrast to the rats of the control group, under prescription of acelysine, there was an increase in the concentration of eNOS and VEGF-A both on the 4th and 7th days of the experiment. The administration of namidopine led to less pronounced effects, statistically significant changes occurred only in relation to the VEGF-A concentration. The administration of acelysin to animals after SAH had a beneficial effect on the emotional status and behavior of animals, and also led to the normalization of their general activity and orientation-exploratory activity. The mechanism of edotheliotropic effect of acelysine, in our opinion, is associated with its antioxidant effects, modulating impact on endothelial NOS, as well as its property, indirectly, to influence on increase VEGF content. Nimotope therapy had no effect on the emotional status and behavior of the animals. The use of calcium channel blockers revealed such side effects as depression, drowsiness, diplopia, and disorientation

The multipotent role of metallothionein in the nervous system

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
G. А. Ushakova ◽  
Y. P. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Cysteine Residues ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Brain

We provide a commentary on current experimental and theoretical advances and frame our consideration in terms of the possible functions of MT I+II in the nervous system. Metallothioneins (MT) are a family of small cysteine rich proteins, which since their discovery in 1957 have been implicated in a range of roles including toxic metal detoxification, protection against oxidative stress, and as a metallochaperone involved in the homeostasis of both zinc and copper. The most well studied member of the family is the mammalian metallothionein, which consists of two domains: a β-domain with 9 cysteine residues and an α-domain with 11 cysteine residues. Despite over half a century of research, the exact functions of MT in the nervous system are still unknown. Our studies have shown that the distribution of MT-I+II in the brain after prolonged intoxication, inhalation of 0.1% CdCl2 for 1 hour twice a week over 19 weeks, is dependent on the part of the brain. The metallothionein level declines more than 4 times in the hippocampus 3 weeks after continuous intoxication of 0.1% CdCl2. The level of MT-I+II in the cerebral cortex decreased by 1.5 times compared with the control group and did not change significantly in the cerebellum and thalamus/hypothalamus. The results of an experimental model of postoperative pain indicated that injection with MT-II prevents the development of postoperative hyperalgesia in response to mild alteration of physiological activity. Activation of locomotory and exploratory activity, and decrease of anxiety in rats under MT-II treatment at 100 µg/rat manifests itself on the 4th day after surgery. Our experimental data indicate the multipotent function of MT I+II in the rat brain both as a metal detoxifier and as an inhibitor of postoperative pain. 

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.

Review of Self-regulation of the Brain and Behavior.

1985 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 999-999
Author(s):  
Gerald S. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE OF “BIOSOLBI” DRUG

1970 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
E. K. Rakhmatullin ◽  
O. D. Sklyarov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Purebred Dogs

The article presents the results of a study of the "Bisolbi" drug toxicity (powder of light ash color, poorly soluble in water). When it is mixed with water it forms a suspension of particles that settle rapidly. Values of acute drug toxicity were determined on rats. We studied groups of six animals of the same sex, as well as similar control ones. The "Bisolbi" drug was injected to white rats intragastrically, males weighing 310 ... 320 g in doses of 2500 and 2740 mg / kg. Each dose was used in six animals; distilled water (3 ml) was used for the controls. The LD50 was calculated by the probit analysis method proposed by Litchfield and Wilcoxon modified by Z. Roth. When administered orally, an atraumatic metal probe was immersed in the stomach. Within 14 days monitored the overall health status and behavior of animals, the manifestation or absence of symptoms of intoxication; noted the features of feed and water ingestion, assessed the condition of the coat, physiological functions. Then groups of experimental rats were euthanized and pathomorphologically examined. We studied the effect of "Bisolbi" with repeated introduction and on not purebred dogs. Two groups of 3-4 years of age were completed with an average initial body weight of 13.63 ... 15.11 kg. Before use, the additive was thoroughly mixed with feed. The drug was injected during 31 days at a dose of 0.5 g / kg. Dogs of the control group (three) were fed wheat flour. After 15 and 31 days in laboratory animals in order to characterize the general condition in the blood, the amount of protein, urea, glucose, creatinine, cholesterol were determined. Based on studies it was found that the drug daily application by animals, is low toxic and safe, does not provoke the development of pathological reactions. According to the Hodge and Sterner classification "Bisolbi" can be attributed to the 6th class of toxicity - relatively harmless. Accordingto GOST 12.1.007-76 LD50 of the drug is more than 151 mg / kg, but less than 5000 mg / kg it is the 3rd hazard class (moderately hazardous).

Awareness of Pregnant Women for COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhan Okuyan ◽  
Emre Gunakan ◽  
Sertaç Esin
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Home Birth ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Prevention Method ◽  
And Behavior

Covid outbreak has been getting worse and spread affected all over the world. Pregnant patients are also vulnerable to respiratory diseases. We aimed to evaluate the awareness, emotional status, and behavior of pregnant during the COVID outbreak. This study's main benefit is to analyze the knowledge and understanding of pregnant women about the pandemic and draw attention to the prevention issues that need improvement. This research is a prospective observational study that 199 patients subjected to a questionnaire including 29 questions about patient characteristics, pregnancy information, knowledge about COVID19-infection, behavioral and emotional changes. 130 (65.3) of the patients stated an above-average knowledge level. Television was the most frequent information source (75.4%, n:150) and was the only information source for 90 (45.1%) of the patients. Sixty-nine patients used more than one information source. More than one prevention method uses by 149 (75%) of the patients. Washing hands (n:183, 92.0%) and cleaning the house (n:122, 61.3%) were the most preferred methods. Only 55 (27.6%) of the patients used a mask for prevention. 88(44.2%) of the patients stated that they preferred a shorter hospital stay, and 75 (37.7%) of the patients indicated that they postponed or avoided the pregnancy follow-up visits due to the COVID-19 issue. Pregnant women seem to be aware and stressed of COVID-19, but knowledge of what to do seems insufficient. Patients informed of risks of COVID infection, unplanned hospital admission, and chances of avoiding necessary visits and home birth demands.

Dendrobium officinalis Flower Improves Learning and Reduces Memory Impairment by Mediating Antioxidant Effect and Balancing the Release of Neurotransmitters in Senescent Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Zi Li ◽  
Shan-Shan Lei ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Fu-Chen Zhou ◽  
Ye-Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Hippocampal Damage ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Mao B ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Brain

Aim and Objective: The Dendrobium officinalis flower (DOF) is popular in China due to common belief in its anti-aging properties and positive effects on “nourish yin”. However, there have been relatively few confirmatory pharmacological experiments conducted to date. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether DOF has beneficial effects on learning and memory in senescent rats, and, if so, to determine its potential mechanism of effect. Materials and Methods: SD rats were administrated orally DOF at a dose of 1.38, or 0.46 g/kg once a day for 8 weeks. Two other groups included a healthy untreated control group and a senescent control group. During the 7th week, a Morris water maze test was performed to assess learning and memory. At the end of the experiment, serum and brain samples were collected to measure concentrations of antioxidant enzymes, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GSH-Px) in serum, and the neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), Glutamic (Glu), and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) in the brain. Histopathology of the hippocampus was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The results suggested that treatment with DOF improved learning as measured by escape latency, total distance, and target quadrant time, and also increased levels of γ-GABA in the brain. In addition, DOF decreased the levels of MDA, Glu, and MAO-B, and improved SOD and GSHPx. Histopathological analysis showed that DOF also significantly reduced structural lesions and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus relative to untreated senescent rats. Conclusion: DOF alleviated brain aging and improved the spatial learning abilities in senescent rats, potentially by attenuating oxidative stress and thus reducing hippocampal damage and balancing the release of neurotransmitters.

Effect of Cilostazol on Cerebral Vasospasm and Outcome in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Matsuda ◽  
Masato Naraoka ◽  
Hiroki Ohkuma ◽  
Norihito Shimamura ◽  
Katsuhiro Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
End Points ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Poor Outcome

Background: Several clinical studies have indicated the efficacy of cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3, in preventing cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). They were not double-blinded trial resulting in disunited results on assessment of end points among the studies. The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed to assess the effectiveness of cilostazol on cerebral vasospasm. Methods: Patients with aneurysmal SAH admitted within 24 h after the ictus who met the following criteria were enrolled in this study: SAH on CT scan was diffuse thick, diffuse thin, or local thick, Hunt and Hess score was less than 4, administration of cilostazol or placebo could be started within 48 h of SAH. Patients were randomly allocated to placebo or cilostazol after repair of a ruptured saccular aneurysm by aneurysmal neck clipping or endovascular coiling, and the administration of cilostazol or placebo was continued up to 14 days after initiation of treatment. The primary end point was the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm (sVS), and secondary end points were angiographic vasospasm (aVS) evaluated on digital subtraction angiography, vasospasm-related new cerebral infarction evaluated on CT scan or MRI, and clinical outcome at 3 months of SAH as assessed by Glasgow Outcome Scale, in which poor outcome was defined as severe disability, vegetative state, and death. All end points were evaluated with blinded assessment. Results: One hundred forty eight patients were randomly allocated to the cilostazol group (n = 74) or the control group (n = 74). The occurrence of sVS was significantly lower in the cilostazol group than in the control group (10.8 vs. 24.3%, p = 0.031), and multiple logistic analysis showed that cilostazol use was an independent factor reducing sVS (OR 0.293, 95% CI 0.099-0.568, p = 0.027). The incidence of aVS and vasospasm-related cerebral infarction were not significantly different between the groups. Poor outcome was significantly lower in the cilostazol group than in the control group (5.4 vs. 17.6%, p = 0.011), and multiple logistic analyses demonstrated that cilostazol use was an independent factor that reduced the incidence of poor outcome (OR 0.221, 95% CI 0.054-0.903, p = 0.035). Severe adverse events due to cilostazol administration did not occur during the study period. Conclusions: Cilostazol administration is effective in preventing sVS and improving outcomes without severe adverse events. A larger-scale study including more cases was necessary to confirm this efficacy of cilostazol.

scholarly journals Exercise Ameliorates Spinal Cord Injury by Changing DNA Methylation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Ganchimeg Davaa ◽  
Jin Young Hong ◽  
Tae Uk Kim ◽  
Seong Jae Lee ◽  
Seo Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Brain

Exercise training is a traditional method to maximize remaining function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but the exact mechanism by which exercise promotes recovery after SCI has not been identified; whether exercise truly has a beneficial effect on SCI also remains unclear. Previously, we showed that epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex occur after SCI and that a treatment leading to epigenetic modulation effectively promotes functional recovery after SCI. We aimed to determine how exercise induces functional improvement in rats subjected to SCI and whether epigenetic changes are engaged in the effects of exercise. A spinal cord contusion model was established in rats, which were then subjected to treadmill exercise for 12 weeks. We found that the size of the lesion cavity and the number of macrophages were decreased more in the exercise group than in the control group after 12 weeks of injury. Immunofluorescence and DNA dot blot analysis revealed that levels of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in the brain motor cortex were increased after exercise. Accordingly, the expression of ten-eleven translocation (Tet) family members (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3) in the brain motor cortex also elevated. However, no macrophage polarization was induced by exercise. Locomotor function, including Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and ladder scores, also improved in the exercise group compared to the control group. We concluded that treadmill exercise facilitates functional recovery in rats with SCI, and mechanistically epigenetic changes in the brain motor cortex may contribute to exercise-induced improvements.

scholarly journals Honey Bee Proteolytic System and Behavior Parameters under the Influence of an Electric Field at 50 Hz and Variable Intensities for a Long Exposure Time

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Paweł Migdał ◽  
Agnieszka Murawska ◽  
Aneta Strachecka ◽  
Paweł Bieńkowski ◽  
Adam Roman
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alkaline Proteases ◽  
Proteolytic System ◽  
Wing Movement ◽  
And Behavior

The effect of an artificial electromagnetic field on organisms is a subject of extensive public debate and growing numbers of studies. Our study aimed to show the effect of an electromagnetic field at 50 Hz and variable intensities on honey bee proteolytic systems and behavior parameters after 12 h of exposure. Newly emerged worker bees were put into cages and exposed to a 50 Hz E-field with an intensity of 5.0 kV/m, 11.5 kV/m, 23.0 kV/m, or 34.5 kV/m. After 12 h of exposure, hemolymph samples were taken for protease analysis, and the bees were recorded for behavioral analysis. Six behaviors were chosen for observation: walking, flying, self-grooming, contact between individuals, stillness, and wing movement. Bees in the control group demonstrated the highest number of all behavior occurrences, except flying, and had the lowest protease activity. Bees in the experimental groups showed a lower number of occurrences of walking, self-grooming, and contacts between individuals than the control bees and had significantly higher protease activity than the control bees (except that of alkaline proteases in the 23.0 kV/m group).

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