Application of Green Nanocomposite to Adsorb Cadmium ion in Wastewater

Under to the development of the industrialization, people have polluted the water source with chemicals and wastes from factories and enterprises. These chemicals are not treated and discharged directly to the natural environment, especially heavy metals. Cadmium and its compounds are released to the environment from different sources of waste, such as metal, alloy and metal plating, and Cd-Ni batteries, which clearly showed a danger to the human health. In this work, silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiO2) functionalized with polyaniline (PANI) polymer, then C2H5OH-SiO2/PANI (CSP) was synthesized by dispersion process in ultrasound sonication by ethanol solution. CSP were successfully synthesized and determined by several characterizations such as FTIR, SEM, TEM and BET. Based on the practical data, the Cd(II) adsorption was followed by Langmuir adsorption isotherms, and the pseudo-second order adsorption kinetic. CSP has obtained the Cd maximum adsorption capacity of 301.23 mg g-1, which is higher than the previous reported adsorbents. Cd(II) adsorption by CSP is desired at pH 6, reaction time of 150 min, initial concentration at 300 mg L-1, and weight of 0.6 g. Adsorption data show that pH is one of the most important factor in Cd(II) adsorption due to the formation of surface complexes between Cd2+ and the functional groups of CSP such as hydroxyl group (OH-), silanol (Si-OH), amine (–NH2), quinoid imine [C=N–] and benzenoid amine [–NH–].

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Removal of Methylene Blue and Orange-G from Waste Water Using Magnetic Biochar

International Journal of Nanoscience ◽

10.1142/s0219581x1550009x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (04) ◽

pp. 1550009 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

N. M. Mubarak ◽

Y. T. Fo ◽

Hikmat Said Al-Salim ◽

J. N. Sahu ◽

E. C. Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Contact Time ◽

Agitation Speed ◽

Adsorption Kinetic ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Magnetic Biochar ◽

Design Expert ◽

Orange G ◽

Pseudo Second Order

The study on the removal of methylene blue (MB) and orange-G dyes using magnetic biochar derived from the empty fruit bunch (EFB) was carried out. Process parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, agitation speed and contact time were optimized using Design-Expert Software v.6.0.8. The statistical analysis reveals that the optimum conditions for the maximum adsorption of MB are at pH 2 and pH 10, dosage 1.0 g, and agitation speed and contact time of 125 rpm and 120 min respectively. While for orange-G, at pH 2, dosage 1.0 g, and agitation speed and contact time of 125 rpm and 120 min respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of 31.25 mg/g and 32.36 mg/g for MB and orange-G respectively. The adsorption kinetic for both dyes obeyed pseudo-second order.

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Efficient adsorption of chlorpyrifos onto modified activated carbon by gamma irradiation; a plausible adsorption mechanism

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2020-1765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Mohamed S. Yahia ◽

Ahmed S. Elzaref ◽

Magdy B. Awad ◽

Ahmed M. Tony ◽

Ahmed S. Elfeky

Keyword(s):

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Area Measurement ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

First Order ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Pseudo First Order ◽

Kinetics Of

Abstract Commercial Granulated Active Carbon (GAC) has been modified using 10 Gy dose Gamma irradiation (GAC10 Gy) for increasing its ability of air purification. Both, the raw and treated samples were applied for removing Chlorpyrifos pesticide (CPF) from ambient midair. Physicochemical properties of the two materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The phase formation and microstructure were monitored using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), supported with Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The Surface area measurement was detected using BET particle size prosometry. Obtained outcomes showed that, the maximum adsorption capacity, given by Langmuir equations, was greatly increased from 172.712 to 272.480 mg/g for GAC and GAC10 Gy, respectively, with high selectivity. The overall removal efficiency of GAC10 Gy was notably comparable to that of the original GAC-sorbent. The present study indicated that, gamma irradiation could be a promising technique for treating GAC and turned it more active in eliminating the pesticides pollutants from surrounding air. The data of equilibrium has been analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models, that were considerably better suited for the investigated materials than other models. The process kinetics of CPF adsorbed onto both tested carbon versions were found to obey the pseudo first order at all concentrations with an exception at 70 mg/l using GAC, where, the spontaneous exothermic adsorption of Chlorpyrifos is a strong function for the pseudo-first order (PFO) and pseudo second order (PSO) kinetics.

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Sustainable Chromium (VI) Removal from Contaminated Groundwater Using Nano-Magnetite-Modified Biochar via Rapid Microwave Synthesis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 103

Author(s):

Xiaoming Song ◽

Yuewen Zhang ◽

Nan Cao ◽

Dong Sun ◽

Zhipeng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synthesis Method ◽

Microwave Treatment ◽

Contaminated Groundwater ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Intraparticle Diffusion Model ◽

Adsorption Mechanisms ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Modified Biochar ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Nano Fe3o4

This study developed a nano-magnetite-modified biochar material (m-biochar) using a simple and rapid in situ synthesis method via microwave treatment, and systematically investigated the removal capability and mechanism of chromium (VI) by this m-biochar from contaminated groundwater. The m-biochar was fabricated from reed residues and magnetically modified by nano-Fe3O4. The results from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterisations confirmed the successful doping of nano-Fe3O4 on the biochar with an improved porous structure. The synthesised m-biochar exhibited significantly higher maximum adsorption capacity of 9.92 mg/g compared with that (8.03 mg/g) of the pristine biochar. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model and the intraparticle diffusion model, which indicated that the overall adsorption rate of Cr(VI) was governed by the processes of chemical adsorption, liquid film diffusion and intramolecular diffusion. The increasing of the pH from 3 to 11 significantly affected the Cr(VI) adsorption, where the capabilities decreased from 9.92 mg/g to 0.435 mg/g and 8.03 mg/g to 0.095 mg/g for the m-biochar and pristine biochar, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms of Cr(VI) by m-biochar were evaluated and confirmed to include the pathways of electrostatic adsorption, reduction and complexation. This study highlighted an effective synthesis method to prepare a superior Cr(VI) adsorbent, which could contribute to the effective remediation of heavy metal contaminations in the groundwater.

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Biochar of Spent Coffee Grounds as Per Se and Impregnated with TiO2: Promising Waste-Derived Adsorbents for Balofloxacin

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2295

Author(s):

Marwa El-Azazy ◽

Ahmed S. El-Shafie ◽

Hagar Morsy

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Spent Coffee Grounds ◽

Thermal Stabilities ◽

Coffee Grounds ◽

Bet Analysis ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Set Up ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Biochars (BC) of spent coffee grounds, both pristine (SCBC) and impregnated with titanium oxide (TiO2@SCBC) were exploited as environmentally friendly and economical sorbents for the fluroquinolone antibiotic balofloxacin (BALX). Surface morphology, functional moieties, and thermal stabilities of both adsorbents were scrutinized using SEM, EDS, TEM, BET, FTIR, Raman, and TG/dT analyses. BET analysis indicated that the impregnation with TiO2 has increased the surface area (50.54 m2/g) and decreased the pore size and volume. Batch adsorption experiments were completed in lights of the experimental set-up of Plackett-Burman design (PBD). Two responses were maximized; the % removal (%R) and the adsorption capacity (qe, mg/g) as a function of four variables: pH, adsorbent dosage (AD), BALX concentration ([BALX]), and contact time (CT). %R of 68.34% and 91.78% were accomplished using the pristine and TiO2@SCBC, respectively. Equilibrium isotherms indicated that Freundlich model was of a perfect fit for adsorption of BALX onto both adsorbents. Maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 142.55 mg/g for SCBC and 196.73 mg/g for the TiO2@SCBC. Kinetics of the adsorption process were best demonstrated using the pseudo-second order (PSO) model. The adsorption-desorption studies showed that both adsorbents could be restored with the adsorption efficiency being conserved up to 66.32% after the fifth cycles.

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Adsorptive Removal of Cd(II) by a Novel Extracellular Biopolymer Produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes: Equilibrium and Kinetics

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.171-172.15 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 171-172 ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

Zeng Quan Ji ◽

Tian Hai Wang ◽

Kai Hong Luo ◽

Yao Qing Wang

Keyword(s):

Chemical Interaction ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Metallic Ions ◽

Equilibrium Studies ◽

Kinetic Rates ◽

Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Pseudomonas Alcaligenes

An extracellular biopolymer (PFC02) produced by Pseudomonas alcaligenes was used as an alternative biosorbent to remove toxic Cd(II) metallic ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of experimental parameters such as pH, Cd(II) initial concentration and contact time on the adsorption was studied. It was found that pH played a major role in the adsorption process, the optimum pH for the removal of Cd(II) was 6.0. The FTIR spectra showed carboxyl, hydroxyl and amino groups of the PFC02 were involved in chemical interaction with the Cd(II) ions. Equilibrium studies showed that Cd(II) adsorption data followed Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for Cd(II) ions was estimated to be 93.55 mg/g. The kinetic studies showed that the kinetic rates were best fitted to the pseudo-second-order model. The study suggestted that the novel extracellular biopolymer biosorbent have potential applications for removing Cd(II) from wastewater.

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Insights into Starch Coated Nanozero Valent Iron-Graphene Composite for Cr(VI) Removal from Aqueous Medium

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2016/2813289 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Prasanna Kumarathilaka ◽

Vimukthi Jayaweera ◽

Hasintha Wijesekara ◽

I. R. M. Kottegoda ◽

S. R. D. Rosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Point Of Zero Charge ◽

Inert Material ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Graphene Composite ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

First Time

Embedding nanoparticles into an inert material like graphene is a viable option since hybrid materials are more capable than those based on pure nanoparticulates for the removal of toxic pollutants. This study reports for the first time on Cr(VI) removal capacity of novel starch stabilized nanozero valent iron-graphene composite (NZVI-Gn) under different pHs, contact time, and initial concentrations. Starch coated NZVI-Gn composite was developed through borohydrate reduction method. The structure and surface of the composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and point of zero charge (pHpzc). The surface area and pHpzc of NZVI-Gn composite were reported as 525 m2 g−1 and 8.5, respectively. Highest Cr(VI) removal was achieved at pH 3, whereas 67.3% was removed within first few minutes and reached its equilibrium within 20 min obeying pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting chemisorption as the rate limiting process. The partitioning of Cr(VI) at equilibrium is perfectly matched with Langmuir isotherm and maximum adsorption capacity of the NZVI-Gn composite is 143.28 mg g−1. Overall, these findings indicated that NZVI-Gn composite could be utilized as an efficient and magnetically separable adsorbent for removal of Cr(VI).

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Kinetic Study of the Bioadsorption of Methylene Blue on the Surface of the Biomass Obtained from the Algae D. antarctica

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/2124845 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jhonatan R. Guarín ◽

Juan Carlos Moreno-Pirajan ◽

Liliana Giraldo

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Kinetic Study ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Second Order ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Best Fit ◽

Total Elimination ◽

Purification Of Water

Currently, there is a great pollution of water by the dyes; due to this, several studies have been carried out to remove these compounds. However, the total elimination of these pollutants from the aquatic effluents has represented a great challenge for the scientific community, for which it is necessary to carry out investigations that allow the purification of water. In this work, we studied the bioadsorption of methylene blue on the surface of the biomass obtained from the algae D. antarctica. This material was characterized by SEM and FTIR. To the data obtained in the biosorption experiments, different models of biosorption and kinetics were applied, finding that the best fit to the obtained data is given by applying the pseudo-second-order models and the Toth model, respectively. It was also determined that the maximum adsorption capacity of MB on the surface of the biomass is 702.9 mg/g, which shows that this material has great properties as a bioadsorbent.

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Synthesis of Zeolite from Carbothermal Reduction Electrolytic Manganese Residue for the Removal of Macrolide Antibiotics from Aqueous Solution

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11112133 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xuli Li ◽

Yue Zeng ◽

Fangyuan Chen ◽

Teng Wang ◽

Yixin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Carbothermal Reduction ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Macrolide Antibiotics ◽

Adsorption Sites ◽

Electrolytic Manganese ◽

Electrolytic Manganese Residue ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

The Fourier Transform

Zeolite analcime (EMANA) was synthesized through the hydrothermal method by using carbothermal reduction electrolytic manganese residue (CR-EMR). The structural properties of EMANA and CR-EMR were studied using various characterization techniques. After hydrothermal synthesis, the CR-EMR became super-microporous, and the surface area increased by 4.76 times than before. Among the various synthesized zeolites, 6 h-synthesized EMANA was selected as the best adsorbent for macrolide antibiotics in aqueous solution. The adsorption performance of EMANA on the adsorption capacity was examined by using various experimental parameters, such as contact time (0–24 h), initial concentration (50–300 mg/L), temperature (30–50 °C) and pH (3–13). The experimental results were also analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models, with the latter obtaining better representation. The adsorption process could be described well by the pseudo-second-order model, even under a low concentration (50 mg/L). This result suggests that the adsorption process of macrolide antibiotics is due to chemisorption. According to the Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results, the adsorption of zeolite was mainly due to its hydroxyl group, which played an important role during the adsorption process. Moreover, EMANA is more suitable for treatment of roxithromycin (ROX) than azithromycin (AZM), because ROX has more adsorption sites for the hydroxyl group.

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Kinetics of lead ion biosorption from aqueous solution onto lyophilized Aspergillus niveus

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2010.020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hülya Karaca ◽

Turgay Tay ◽

Merih Kıvanç

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Second Order ◽

Lead Ions ◽

Lead Ion ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Aspergillus Niveus ◽

Pseudo Second Order

The biosorption of lead ions (Pb2+) onto lyophilized fungus Aspergillus niveus was investigated in aqueous solutions in a batch system with respect to pH, contact time and initial concentration of the ions at 30 °C. The maximum adsorption capacity of lyophilized A. niveus was found to be 92.6 mg g−1 at pH 5.1 and the biosorption equilibrium was established about in 30 min. The adsorption capacity obtained is one of the highest value among those reported in the literature. The kinetic data were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order kinetic, pseudo-second-order kinetic, and intraparticle diffusion equations. Kinetic parameters, such as rate constants, equilibrium adsorption capacities, and related correlation coefficients for the kinetic models were calculated and discussed. It was found that the adsorption of lead ions onto lyophilized A. niveus biomass fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm parameters for the lead ion adsorption were applied and the Langmuir model agreed better with the adsorption of lead ions onto lyophilized A. niveus.

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COMPLIANCE OF COMMERCIAL BLEACHES AND STABILITY OF 1 G/L-DILUTIONS USING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER

Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Farmacia ◽

10.53519/analesranf.2020.86.04.01 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 231-236

Author(s):

María Emilia Gavelli ◽

Laura Carolina Luciani Giacobbe ◽

Carolina Bustos Fierro ◽

María Eugenia Olivera

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Water Source ◽

Healthcare Setting ◽

Chlorine Concentration ◽

Active Chlorine ◽

World Health ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Health Organization ◽

Different Sources

Introduction and objectives: In the context of COVID-19, the World Health Organization has recommended the use of extemporaneously prepared bleach solutions of 1 g/L, as a conservative concentration able to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and the vast majority of other pathogens that may be present in the healthcare setting. Consequently, there is a renewed interest in conducting stability studies of these solutions. The goal of this work was to verify the available chlorine concentration in several bleach solutions trademarks and to propose a beyond use date for 1 g/L bleach solutions, obtained after dilution with drinking water from different sources. Methods: Bleach trademarks, with nominal concentrations between 25-60 g/L, were subjected to iodometric titration to determine the available chlorine concentration. One trademark was used to prepare 1 g/L dilutions using water from different purification plants in Córdoba, Argentina. The samples were stored at room-temperature, both exposed or protected from light. The available chlorine concentration was determined by titration at preestablished time intervals. The beyond use date was reached when the available chlorine concentration dropped below 90 % of its initial. Results: The concentration of active chlorine in the different trademark bleaches was within the values established by current regulations. Diluted solutions protected from light showed a decrease of less than 10 % in active chlorine concentration during the first 10 days of assay. However, one sample exceeded the acceptance limit after 14 days. In contrast, in the samples exposed to light, the concentration of active chlorine dropped to 96.4 % at 24 hours and 79.3 % after 48 hours. No differences related to drinking water sources were observed. Conclusions: Compliance of the nominal available chlorine concentration in trademark bleach solutions was confirmed. Regardless the water source used for dilution, 1 g/L bleach solutions were stable for 10 days when stored at room temperature and protected from light. Instead, solutions exposed to light maintain their available chlorine concentration for only 24 hours.

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