The Correlation of the Average Increase in Blood Magnesium Levels with the Incidence of Preeclampsia After Magnesium Supplementation in Hypomagnesemic Pregnant Women at the Padang City Health Center

Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder in pregnancy that occurs in 5-10% of pregnancies and occurs after 20 weeks of gestation and recovers spontaneously after delivery. Several studies have stated that one of the risks of hypertension in pregnancy is related to magnesium homeostasis. Magnesium plays an important role in forming new tissues (maternal and fetal). Pregnant women need a higher intake of magnesium than non-pregnant women of the same age. Magnesium deficiency during pregnancy not only causes problems for the nutrition of pregnant women and fetuses, but also associated with the occurrence of preeclampsia, preterm labor and muscle cramps during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the relationship between the average increase in blood magnesium levels with the incidence of preeclampsia in hypomagnesemic pregnant women.Keywords: preeclampsia, hypertension, blood magnesium levels

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Perinatal outcome in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in a rural community of Haryana

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 4267

Author(s):

Bharti . ◽

Sumit Chawla

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Perinatal Outcome ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Hypertensive Disorder ◽

Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

Increased Risk ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Pregnancy in hypertension may complicate pregnancies with variable incidence among different settings. Pregnancies complicated with hypertensive disorders are associated with increased risk of adverse fetal, neonatal and maternal outcome including preterm birth, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), perinatal death etc. The present study was undertaken to study the perinatal outcome of hypertension in pregnancy in a rural block of Haryana.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the all the 20 subcenters under Community Health Center (CHC) Chiri, Block Lakhanmajra. All the pregnant women registered at the particular subcenter at a point of time of visit were included in the study. Pregnancy outcome was followed-up by contacting the health worker of respective sub-center or mother. Information regarding stillbirth, abortion, maturity, birth weight, mode of delivery and early neonatal death was collected. Appropriate statistical tests were used for analysis.Results: A total of 931 pregnant women were included in the present study. Prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy was found to be 6.9%. Hypertension in pregnancy is significantly associated with premature births still births (6.7% vs 1.4%; p=0.003), low birth weight (26.7% vs 4.9%; p=0.000) and early neonatal deaths (8.3% vs 2.8%; p=0.017).Conclusions: Perinatal mortality is significantly high in mothers with hypertensive disorders. Early diagnosis and treatment through regular antenatal checkup is a key factor to prevent hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and its complications.

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PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE IN SELECTED PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing ◽

10.47604/jhmn.1365 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 19-44

Author(s):

Weynshet Firisa ◽

Lister Onsongo ◽

Judy Mugo

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Quantitative Data ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Hypertensive Disorder ◽

Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

In Pregnancy

Purpose: This study sought to assess the prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy and associated risk factors among women attending antenatal care clinics in selected Pubic Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: The research employed a cross-sectional descriptive study design. Study population was pregnant women who attended ANC care in selected hospital. The respondents were randomly selected from Tikur Anbesa specialized, Zewuditu Memorial and St. Paul’s Millennium medical college hospitals. Respondents for interview were selected using systematic random sampling at an interval of nine until a sample size of 297 was reached. The study used an adopting both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires from pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics while qualitative data was collected using key informant interview schedules and Focused Group Discussion guides with Nurses in charge of antenatal care clinics and primary respondents respectively. Key informants and focused group discussants were purposively selected. Descriptive data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 with the aid of Microsoft Excel program to generate frequency tables, graphs and pie-charts. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis and results triangulated with quantitative data as direct quotes or narrations. Inferential statistics were calculated using Chi-Square tests done at 95% confidence interval and a margin of error of 0.05 to establish the association between variables. Information generated were presented in the text in the form of tables, bar graphs and pie charts. Results: The study results revealed that the prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension in Addis Ababa was 21.9%. Socio-demographic factors such as age (p=0.030), occupation (p=0.031), income (p=0.0014), highest level of education (p=0.001) and health insurance (p=0.001) were significantly associated with occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy. Rreproductive and obstetric factors such as age at first pregnancy (p=0.001), gravidity (p=0.046), parity (p=0.001), history of obesity (p=0.001) and occurrence of gestational diabetes (p=0.002) were significantly associated with hypertension in pregnancy. More than a half (51.9%) of respondents had negative attitude towards hypertensive disorder in pregnancy. The level of attitude (p=0.040) was significantly associated with occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the management of the 3 health facilities together with other stakeholders in health empower women to start income generating projects to increase their financial access to antenatal care services consequently reduces hindrances that may lead to pregnancy complications such as hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

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The Relationship Between Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension And Calcium Levels

Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia ◽

10.21927/jnki.2020.8(3).232-238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Iin Nilawati ◽

Nur Elly ◽

Erli Zainal

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Primary Data ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽

The Relationship ◽

In Pregnancy

<p>Hypertension in pregnancy often progresses to pre-eclampsia as one of the biggest contributors to maternal mortality. Mineral and nutritional factors have an important role in the etiology of hypertension in pregnancy, especially pre-eclampsia. Mineral factors associated with hypertension are calcium. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of calcium levels with the incidence of hypertension in pregnancy. This study uses a cross-sectional study design that measures / observes independent variables (calcium levels) with dependent variables (hypertension in pregnancy). The number of samples was 43 trimester II pregnant women taken by consecutive sampling technique. This study uses primary data by examining blood pressure and calcium levels in the blood serum of pregnant women. Univariate analysis results showed 30% of pregnant women experience hypertension in pregnancy, and 44% of pregnant women have insufficient calcium levels. The results of calcium levels and the incidence of hypertension in second trimester pregnant women (p value 0,000).the bivariate analysis prove that there is a significant correlation between maternal blood</p>

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The Relationship among Age and Parity with the Incidence of Hypertension in Pregnant Women in Grinting Village, Bulakamba Sub-District, Brebes Regency

IAKMI Public Health Journal Indonesia ◽

10.46366/iphji.1.1.15-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Susy Sriwahyuni ◽

Darmawan ◽

Lili Eky Nursia N ◽

Arif Iskandar ◽

Khairunnas

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

High Risk ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

P Value ◽

Analytic Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽

The Relationship ◽

In Pregnancy

Pregnant women are classified into groups that have a high risk during pregnancy until postpartum. One of the causes is hypertension in pregnancy. Factors of hypertension in pregnancy are age and parity. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship among age and parity with the incidence of hypertension in pregnant women. This study used observational analytic method with cross-sectional approach. The number of samples taken by purposive sampling that were 49 pregnant women,. The results of this study were relationship among age with p value = 0,0002 (PR = 2,440, 95% CI = 1,004-6,559) and parity with p value = 0,0001 (PR = 2,335 95% CI = 1,0033, -5,446) with incidence of hypertension. The pregnant women with age >35 years and parity 1 times have a 2,880 chance of experiencing hypertension, compared with age <35 years and parity 1. Base on the results of multivariate analysis Age is the most dominant determinant (p value = 0,000 CI = 1,224-22,432, 95%) with the incidence of hypertension. Intensive counselling regarding pregnant women is needed, especially for wife and husband to increase knowledge them.

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The relationship between angiogenic markers in peri-implantation endometrium and hypertensive disorder in pregnancy in women with reproductive failure.

10.26226/morressier.5af300b1738ab10027aa974b ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoyan Chen

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Failure ◽

Hypertensive Disorder ◽

Angiogenic Markers ◽

The Relationship ◽

In Pregnancy

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Pregnancy Outcomes and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Spanish Obstetric Emergency Group Study

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13050853 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 853

Author(s):

Sara Cruz Melguizo ◽

María Luisa de la Cruz Conty ◽

Paola Carmona Payán ◽

Alejandra Abascal-Saiz ◽

Pilar Pintando Recarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Preterm Births ◽

Hypertensive Disorder ◽

Obstetric Emergency ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Emergency Group ◽

Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Maternal Disease ◽

The Relationship

Pregnant women who are infected with SARS-CoV-2 are at an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. With this study, we aimed to better understand the relationship between maternal infection and perinatal outcomes, especially preterm births, and the underlying medical and interventionist factors. This was a prospective observational study carried out in 78 centers (Spanish Obstetric Emergency Group) with a cohort of 1347 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive pregnant women registered consecutively between 26 February and 5 November 2020, and a concurrent sample of PCR-negative mothers. The patients’ information was collected from their medical records, and the association of SARS-CoV-2 and perinatal outcomes was evaluated by univariable and multivariate analyses. The data from 1347 SARS-CoV-2-positive pregnancies were compared with those from 1607 SARS-CoV-2-negative pregnancies. Differences were observed between both groups in premature rupture of membranes (15.5% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001); venous thrombotic events (1.5% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001); and severe pre-eclampsia incidence (40.6 vs. 15.6%, p = 0.001), which could have been overestimated in the infected cohort due to the shared analytical signs between this hypertensive disorder and COVID-19. In addition, more preterm deliveries were observed in infected patients (11.1% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.001) mainly due to an increase in iatrogenic preterm births. The prematurity in SARS-CoV-2-affected pregnancies results from a predisposition to end the pregnancy because of maternal disease (pneumonia and pre-eclampsia, with or without COVID-19 symptoms).

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Calcium channel blockers in the management of preterm labor and hypertension in pregnancy

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology ◽

10.1016/s0301-2115(00)00548-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 122-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Dimitrios N.M. Papatsonis ◽

Christianne A.R. Lok ◽

Jacqueline M. Bos ◽

Herman P.van Geijn ◽

Gustaaf A. Dekker

Keyword(s):

Calcium Channel ◽

Calcium Channel Blockers ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Channel Blockers ◽

Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

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Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Associated with Stage 1 Hypertension in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1739470 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Norton ◽

Frances Shofer ◽

Hannah Schwartz ◽

Lorraine Dugoff

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Hypertensive Disorder ◽

Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hypertensive Disorder Of Pregnancy ◽

Adverse Perinatal Outcomes ◽

Stage 1 ◽

In Pregnancy

Objective To determine if women who newly met criteria for stage 1 hypertension in early pregnancy were at increased risk for adverse perinatal outcomes compared with normotensive women. Study Design We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women who had prenatal care at a single institution and subsequently delivered a live infant between December 2017 and August 2019. Women with a singleton gestation who had at least two prenatal visits prior to 20 weeks of gestation were included. We excluded women with known chronic hypertension or other major maternal illness. Two groups were identified: (1) women newly diagnosed with stage 1 hypertension before 20 weeks of gestation (blood pressure [BP] 130–139/80–89 on at least two occasions) and (2) women with no known history of hypertension and normal BP (<130/80 mm Hg) before 20 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy; secondary outcomes were indicated preterm birth and small for gestational age. Generalized linear models were used to compare risk of adverse outcomes between the groups. Results Of the 1,630 women included in the analysis, 1,443 women were normotensive prior to 20 weeks of gestation and 187 women (11.5%) identified with stage 1 hypertension. Women with stage 1 hypertension were at significantly increased risk for any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–3.04) and indicated preterm birth (aRR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.12–3.02). Black women and obese women with stage 1 hypertension were at increased for hypertensive disorder of pregnancy compared with white women and nonobese women, respectively (aRR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.11–1.57; aRR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.39–2.06). Conclusion These results provide insight about the prevalence of stage 1 hypertension and inform future guidelines for diagnosis and management of hypertension in pregnancy. Future research is needed to assess potential interventions to mitigate risk. Key Points

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SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy: Fitting Into the Existing Viral Repertoire

Frontiers in Global Women's Health ◽

10.3389/fgwh.2021.647836 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Roopali Rajput ◽

Jitender Sharma

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Viral Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Fetal Health ◽

Fetal Protection ◽

In Pregnancy

The risk of viral infection during pregnancy is well-documented; however, the intervention modalities that in practice enable maternal-fetal protection are restricted by limited understanding. This becomes all the more challenging during pandemics. During many different epidemic and pandemic viral outbreaks, worse outcomes (fetal abnormalities, mortality, preterm labor, etc.) seem to affect pregnant women than what has been evident when compared to non-pregnant women. The condition of pregnancy, which is widely understood as “immunosuppressed,” needs to be re-understood in terms of the way the immune system works during such a state. The immune system gets transformed to accommodate and facilitate fetal growth. The interference of such supportive conversion by viral infection and the risk of co-infection lead to adverse fetal outcomes. Hence, it is crucial to understand the risk and impact of potent viral infections likely to be encountered during pregnancy. In the present article, we review the effects imposed by previously established and recently emerging/re-emerging viral infections on maternal and fetal health. Such understanding is important in devising strategies for better preparedness and knowing the treatment options available to mitigate the relevant adverse outcomes.

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