scholarly journals Enriching Learners’ Vocabulary by Means of Derivative Word-Building Patterns

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1 (3)) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Lili Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Creative Abilities ◽  
Communicative Strategy

The English vocabulary has increased greatly in more than 1500 years of development. It is more extensive than that of any other language in the world. Certain processes have led to the creation of many new words as well as to the establishment of patterns for further expansion. Among these processes are affixation, compounding and conversion, which are the three main types of word-formation characteristic of the English language.Since there are few practical rules of compounding and conversion, it would be reasonable to focus on affixation, derivative word-building patterns in particular. Derivative word-building patterns are likely to develop the learners’ receptive and reproductive skills. With the receptive skills the learners make informed guesses about the meaning of unknown items, thus enriching their potential vocabulary. In terms of reproductive skills knowledge of some productive word-building patterns serve to widen the learners’ creative abilities. This can also be viewed as a communicative strategy.

scholarly journals ON EFIK PREFIXING MORPHOLOGY

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Eyo Offiong Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Vowel Harmony ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Root Element ◽  
New Words ◽  
Semantic Value ◽  
The Creation

Prefixation is a grammatical devise that involves the attachment of a bound morpheme to the left of a root element or stem. It functions to signal certain grammatical relationships involving categories like tense, negation, person, number, and aspect. It can also trigger off the creation of new words from existing ones. The focus of this paper is to analyse the forms and structure of Efik prefixes in relation to the different phonological and morphosyntactic operations they can signal in the language. The paper also examines the various word formation strategies involving prefixation in the language. The basic assumption, however, is that the structure of Efik prefixes vary according to agreement, and is determined by the principle of vowel harmony. The study discovers that Efik prefixes have systematic and rule-governed structures and that certain conditions, such as the phonology of the stem, the stem’s lexical category and the semantic value of prefixes stipulate their position. We wish to interpret the following abbreviations in order to facilitate our analyses: Adv(erb), Asp(ect), Aux(illiary), Conj(unction), Fut(ure tense), Mod(ality), Neg(ation), N(oun), NP (Noun Phrase), Pres(ent tense), PT(Past tense), Pro(noun), Pfx (Prefix) SC (Subject Concord), Spec(ifier), Tn (tense) and V(erb). 

scholarly journals SEMANTIC WORD FORMATION OF DIALECT VERBS:

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Chupryakova ◽  
Svetlana S. Safonova ◽  
Gulnat T. Abikenova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Production ◽  
National Language ◽  
Constructive Thinking ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Cognitive Aspect ◽  
New Words ◽  
The World

The article is dedicated to the research of semantic word formation of verbs in the language space of Russian subdialects. From the point of cognitive linguistics, the semantic verb derivatives are observed in the system of subdialects. The analysis of several word-formative models is given and structural-semantic and paradigmatic relations between derivatives and inflections in the sphere of different dialect verb groups are described in this research. It is proven that, in the reviewed semantically derived dialect verbs, the subjective-evaluative connotation, usually of the negative nature, is present – from the cognitive aspect it is represented as one of the main features of derivative verb units. It is noted that such factors as the abilities to think and feel prompt the dialect carrier to create new words: dialect carrier’s ability to create new words signals about their language sense and constructive thinking. Semantic derivation enriches the dialect language not only with new lexemes, but also with new word-formative relations. Realization of such powerful potential of Russian dialects shows the independence of derivative processes in the dialectic word production. It is proven that the research of dialect vocabulary provides a great opportunity to generalize word-formative processes, including semantic verb derivation and a Russian national language on different evolution stages. Moreover, derivative processes are equally important for construction and understanding of language picture of the world as lexical-phraseological or stylistic phenomena.

scholarly journals A Contrastive Analysis of Word Formation of English and Chinese Neologisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Shiyun Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Information Age ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
Cultural Field ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
The World ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Political Economic

Neologisms refer to the words created to express new things, new concepts and new ideas in written and oral communication. Since the 1980s, the world has entered into an information age. The world has witnessed great changes in political, economic, cultural field. At the same time, China has been carrying out a series of political and economic reforms, which have brought about amazing changes in all social aspects. As a result, a great deal of neologisms have appeared both in English and Chinese. There are three sources of neologisms both in English and Chinese: creating new words with native word elements, adding new meanings to existing words and borrowing new words from other languages. This paper focus on the first one of these three sources: word-formation, and analyzes the similarities and differences of three major ways of word-formation of neologisms in both English and Chinese: compounds, affixations, shortenings.

scholarly journals VOCABULARY NEOLOGIZATION DURING A CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF INTERNET PERIODICALS AND SOCIAL NETWORKS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-215
Author(s):  
Valentyna KRASAVINA
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
New Words ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Social Markers ◽  
Globalized World

Having spread around the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused an increase in the number of neologisms both in Ukrainian and in other languages. In the first place, it happened due to extralinguistic factors – specific features of the infectious disease itself as well as the unprecedented social practices which have become a new method of adaptation to the present day circumstances. Language has promptly reacted to large-scale changes in the world and the society: new words and word combinations denoting the phenomena, objects and notions unknown before have appeared; the modification of the semantics of certain common words has taken place; the sphere of usage of some specialized terms has broadened. Globalization processes and a tendency towards language unification have facilitated the spread of terms of international use, neolexemes, neomorphemes, which is indicative of the emergence of the common international vocabulary. English borrowings have been actively adopted due to the language practice of mass media (in particular, the electronic ones), which are dynamic and open to innovation, and, as is the case with social networks, enable the communication of a great number of people of various nationalities, ages and social status. Thus, neologisms are social markers of transformations, typical of the society in a globalized world. Renovation of the vocabulary is happening by means of adoption of foreignisms, predominantly of the English origin, international terms, which are replenishing terminology subsystems, in particular the ones of healthcare and administration, etc.; by means of word-formation using borrowed derivation tools; due to the activation of the processes of extending the semantics of already familiar words. A considerable amount of new words will not enter the general vocabulary as upon the conclusion of the Covid-19 pandemic they will be excluded from the active use and transferred to the corpus of historical words of the epoch which will become the evidence of the period of the quarantine measures and self-isolation of the citizens, and some words will be returned to a specialized sphere of use.

scholarly journals WORD FORMATION MOTIVATION OF DERIVED WORDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
G. Zaysanbayeva ◽  
◽  
G. Akimzhanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the research is to reveal the meaning of the terms of word-formation motivation as an important scientific component in the linguistic analysis of the study of the process of creating derivative words. The article identifies extralinguistic factors that contribute to determining the motivation of nominative units as the basis of the lexical meaning of words. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of a methodology for analyzing the word-formation processes of nominative units in the Kazakh language. As a result, the conditions for the formation of the internal form of words are described, which show the connection between word formation and the creation of a language picture of the world, as a factor determining the linvocultural features of the Kazakh people. The motivation of words determines the anthropocentricity of the formation of lexical units and is considered as the rationality of the relationship between the sound shell and the meaning of words. By studying the motivation of words, we can understand what meaning is the basis for this name, how much it has changed, that is, the motivation of the semantics of the word is analyzed synchronously.

scholarly journals Twitterverse: The birth of new words

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Olga Klymenko
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Related Word ◽  
Social Connection ◽  
Breeding Ground ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Labelling Function ◽  
Powerful Mechanism ◽  
The Way

New words are continuously being coined on Twitter, which is regarded as a means of creating and distributing new words, concepts and ideas. Our research focuses on the way Twitter’s apt naming has become one of the richest sources of brand-related word-formation. The current study has identified various productive patterns of new Twitter word-formation, such as affixation, compounding, blending, abbreviation and the powerful mechanism of lexical analogy. We have also identified the most common models used in coining new units of each type. The creation of new Twitter words has various functions and effects: establishing a closer social connection; jocular/mocking function; novelty and originality; desire to follow fashion; and denominative/labelling function. We conclude that in the era of an ever-growing amount of data, the popularity of Twitter has become a breeding ground for new brand-related words that have enriched the modern English vocabulary.

scholarly journals AN INQUIRY INTO THE PROCESSES OF LEXICAL EXPANSION IN CURRENT ENGLISH

Verbum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Roma Kriaučiūnienė ◽  
Vilija Sangailaitė
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Words ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Forming Tools ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The current paper focuses on the study of novel lexical items, i. e. the processes involved in the making of new words, in order to discover which methods contribute to the expansion of the current English lexicon. The research is based on the new words coined since 2004 which are included in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) Online (ensuring that the items in the sample cover various semantic fields, are of diverse origins, and all are already accepted into the working vocabulary). Two objectives are completed to explore the subject and achieve its aim: 1) to establish the concept of new words and to overview the processes of lexical expansion in the English language, and 2) to determine which methods are employed and which are absent in the creation of new words in current English by analyzing the novel lexical items retrieved from the OED Online. Quantitative and qualitative methods are applied in this study. The results indicate that the concept of new words is not straightforward in the English language. More often than not, the terms neologisms and new words are used synonymously to refer to recent, novel lexical items recognized and used by the language community. English has an extensive inventory of word-forming tools classified into these distinct categories: word-formation, semantic change, borrowing, and other; each further subdivided into various processes. Overall, the subtypes of word-formation – derivation, shortening and compounding – are used the most in the creation of recent additions to the lexicon. Predominantly, the findings are consistent with the tendencies of lexical expansion observed in previous studies.

scholarly journals Word Forming Models of Everyday Talish Vocabulary

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Alexandr Umnyashkin ◽  
Rustamkhon A. Shodiev
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
New Words ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation

To trace the genesis and historical development of Talish affixes, we have conducted an analysis of different mechanisms of the creation of new words. The lexicological basis that we selected for our research was Talish everyday vocabulary, which contains, for historical reasons, the largest number of archaisms and includes the most ancient layers of the lexicon. We have also conducted an etymological analysis and cited examples from ancient, middle, and modern Iranian languages and several other Indo-European languages. Therefore, as our research has shown, semantic and formal changes of word-forming and form-forming affixes in Talish that take part in the formation of everyday lexicon primarily deserve close attention. The material above is a major interest in studying the history of the development of the Talish language.  It also testifies to the need for a detailed and more in-depth analysis of mechanisms of word-formation in lexis linked to the names of different household items.

Potential of Word Creation in Dayly Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Л. Плотникова ◽  
L. Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Production ◽  
New Words ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Speech Situation

In article the examples of word creation recorded in the daily speech are analyzed, structural, semantic and communicative-cognitive features of speech innovations are described. Process of creating of lexical neoplasms is regarded as a linguistic and creative process aimed at the creation of the necessary in this speech situation of the word. New words are distinguished by a variety of word-formation models. The paper notes the most productive derivational affixes and methods of word formation. Results of the linguistic experiment made it possible to draw certain conclusions about the features of the formation of new words and the role of words-stimuli in the process of word production.

scholarly journals Hybrid derivatives in contemporary Korean

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Borowiak
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Korean Language ◽  
Hybrid Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The advances in international and intercultural communication resulting in the multilingualism of native communicative communities and ultimately leading to the creation of the global communicative community, is well reflected in the lexical subsystem of many languages all around the world. This subsystem is continuously being enriched not only with numerous borrowings but also with the formations of hybrid type. As far as the Korean language is concerned, opening of the Korean borders to the world in 1876, also opened ‘the lexicon borders’ to the considerable number of Western loanwords, which, with time, started to be used in morpheme-based word-formation processes such as derivation and composition, as well as in new word-formation processes – among them blending and reanalysis. Despite the fact that there are two types of hybrid derivatives distinguished according to the origin of their counterparts (roots and affixes), which are coined and used in contemporary Korean, this article, given its scope, focuses only on the derivatives having the Koreanized bases of European provenance.

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