scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of Quality and Rank of Banik Coal, Zakho, Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Govand Sherwani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coal Analysis ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to evaluate the rank (or grade) and economic value of so–called coal horizons outcropping in the vicinity of Banik and Shiranish-Islam villages of Zakho District, Duhok Governorate. These coal-like beds (locally known as Banik Coal) make up few meters within the upper part of the Jurassic Naokelekan Formation. The evaluation was mainly based on standard chemical tests of coal (proximate and ultimate analyses) achieved in foreign and local laboratories. The test results were assessed according to the standard coal tests introduced by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The latest stratigraphic studies revealed that the presumable coal horizons were thin beds of limestone and dolomitic limestone alternated with frequent shales all impregnated with bituminous materials, mostly of hydrocarbon source. The bituminous beds were traced in both upper and lower parts of Naokelekan Formation. The standard proximate coal analysis has shown low percent of fixed carbon and high percent of volatiles and ash which support the hydrocarbon source of these bituminous beds. Consequently, it would be difficult to classify these bituminous beds similarly to the standard coal ranks of ASTM. The high values of mineral matter display the dominance of minerals rather than the carbon in the local samples. However, the Gross Calorific Value (heating value) of these beds would imply that they can be used as relatively poor quality source of fuel. Besides, the exploitation of Banik coals would be influenced by the cost of extraction (or mining), the expected prices of produced coal, and the prices of alternative sources of energy.

LIFE SKILLS EDUCATION FOR SCHOOL DROP OUTS IN TAMAN SARI, DISTRICT BOGOR REGENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Stefani Nawati EKORESTI
Keyword(s):  
Life Skills ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Skills Education ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Drop Outs ◽  
Life Skills Education

Taman Sari Sub-District, Bogor Regency has the potential for fertile soil. But these lands have not been tilled properly. Narrow housing conditions, especially for poor people, do not allow residents to plant crops. Causing the lack of consumption of vegetables; which causes residents become easily sick. In addition, there is also a lot of plastic waste, especially bottled drinking water and other things that come from tourists and fishermen who have not been processed. This condition gave rise to the idea to provide life skills training in making vertical gardens, hydroponic plants and waste management. Besides the need for makeup and haircutting skills also needed especially for orphans fostered by Yasayan Usawatun Hasanah. Community Service Activities (PkM) aims to foster community awareness of the cleanliness of the environment and empower citizens to be more creative and entrepreneurial. Therefore, in addition to the types of activities requested by the residents, UPBJJ-UT Bogor will also teach about identifying the economic value of the work done in the form of determining the cost of goods sold / production. This activity was attended by 50 orphans and it ran smoothly and successfully. Now orphans already have life skills that hope can lift their economy.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN USAHATANI KACANG TANAH DI KECAMATAN SEMAU KABUPATEN KUPANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Deni K.L. Mudin ◽  
Paulus Un ◽  
Lika Bernadina
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Total Average

ABSTRACT Peanuts are one of the high economic value commodities in the dry land area. This commodity also contributes to the social life of the dry land area. This research has been conducted in Semau Sub-district, Kupang Regency, with the aim to determine the amount of income, break event point (BEP), R / C ratio, efficiency of capital use and factors that affect the income of peanuts farming, with the number of farmer respondents as many as 92 people , simple randomly selected. Data that has been collected by survey, library and interview methods; analyzed quantitatively-descriptive using regression methods. The results showed that the total average income of peanut farming in the study location was IDR 1,739,895 with a total average income of IDR 3,498,261 and a total average cost of IDR 1,758,366. While the break event point average of production is 147 Kg and the break event point price is IDR. 6.509, while for the total average the R / C ratio is 1.99. With factors that affect income are production (X1), seed costs (X2), and labor costs (X3). From the regression results with the Cobb-Douglass function the coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.822 with the meaning that variations in independent variables such as production, seed costs and labor costs explain the dependent variable namely income (Y) of 82.20% and the rest 17.80 % is explained by variables outside of the variables analyzed. From the results of the F test (diversity test) it was found that the factors X1, X2, and X3 had a significant effect on income at ⍺ 1%, then accept H1 at least one of: βi ≠ 0. Whereas the results of the t test (partial test) obtained that factors significant effect on income, namely production (X1) and labor costs (X2), while the cost of seeds (X3) does not significantly affect income.

Microcontroller Device for Conductor Identification Using Acoustic Signal

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Vinogradov ◽  
Aleksey V. Bukreev
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Electrical Wiring ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Technical Solutions

When repairing and replacing electrical wiring in enterprises, the main difficulty is the lack or poor quality of documentation, plans for conductors laying. Distinguishing wires (cables) and their cores by the color of the shells or using tags attached to the ends is difficult if the shells have the same color and there are no tags. Devices and technical solutions used to identify wires and cables do not allow recognizing conductors without breaking the electrical circuit, removing insulation, and de-energizing the network. Searching for the right conductor is a time-consuming operation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a new microcontroller device for identifying wires using an acoustic signal. (Materials and methods) Literature sources has been searched for devices for conductors identifying. (Results and discussion) The article proposes a method that involves feeding an acoustic signal to a wire at one point and capturing it at another, in order to recognize the desired wire. The article presents results of comparison of the developed microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal with known devices and methods for conductors recognizing. (Conclusions) The article reveals the shortcomings of existing methods and means of identifying wires and cables. Authors performed a theoretical calculation of the sound pressure in the conductor at a given distance. The article presents the calculation of speed of acoustic waves in conductors with different types of insulation. Authors designed a microcontroller device for identifying conductors using an acoustic signal and tested it. It was determined that the device increases the safety of work, reduces the cost of operating internal wiring and identification time; eliminates the violation of wire insulation, the need to disable electrical receivers. The convergence of theoretical calculations and experimental data was shown.

scholarly journals Economic Value of Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts at Incheon Airport, South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6965
Author(s):  
In-Gyum Kim ◽  
Hye-Min Kim ◽  
Dae-Geun Lee ◽  
Byunghwan Lim ◽  
Hee-Choon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Loss Model ◽  
Total Budget ◽  
The Cost

Meteorological information at an arrival airport is one of the primary variables used to determine refueling of discretionary fuel. This study evaluated the economic value of terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF), which has not been previously quantitatively analyzed in Korea. The analysis data included 374,716 international flights that arrived at Incheon airport during 2017–2019. A cost–loss model was used for the analysis, which is a methodology to evaluate forecast value by considering the cost and loss that users can expect, considering the decision-making result based on forecast utilization. The value was divided in terms of improving fuel efficiency and reducing CO2 emissions. The results of the analysis indicate that the annual average TAF value for Incheon Airport was approximately 2.2 M–20.1 M USD under two hypothetical rules of refueling of discretionary fuel. This value is up to 26.2% higher than the total budget of 16.3 M USD set for the production of aviation meteorological forecasts by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Further, it is up to 10 times greater than the 2 M USD spent on aviation meteorological information fees collected by the KMA in 2018.

Mechanical Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Manufactured by Electron Beam Additive Fabrication

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ladani ◽  
Lalit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Additive Fabrication ◽  
Anisotropy Effect ◽  
The Cost

Additive Layer Fabrication, in particular Electron Beam Additive Fabrication (EBAF), has recently drawn much attention for its special usability to fabricate intricately designed parts as a whole. It not only increases the production rate which reduces the production lead time but also reduces the cost by minimizing the amount of waste material to a great extent. Ti6Al4V is the most common type of material that is currently being fabricated using EBAF technique. This material has been used in aerospace industry for several reasons such as excellent mechanical properties, low density, great resistance to corrosion, and non-magnetism. The effects of build direction of layers (namely, addition of layers along one of the x, y & z directions with respect to the build table) and the anisotropy effect caused by it has not been explored vigorously. This anisotropy effect has been investigated in this work. Different mechanical properties such as Yield Strength (YS), Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), and Modulus of Elasticity (E) of these three types of Ti6Al4V are determined using tensile tests and are compared with literature. The tensile test results show that YS and UTS for flat-build samples have distinguishably higher values than those of the side-build and top-build samples.

Dried Municiple Sewage Sludge Gasification Experiment in Dual Fluidized Bed

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 3799-3804
Author(s):  
Xiao Xu Fan ◽  
Lei Zhe Chu ◽  
Li Guo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Leaching Toxicity ◽  
Dual Fluidized Bed ◽  
Hot Test

The fuel characteristics of municipal sewage sludge are suitable for dual fluidized bed(DFB) gasification, which can get middle calorific value gas through volatile pyrolysis, and reduce volume through char combustion. The hot test results of municipal sewage sludge on DFB rig were showen that the temperature distribution along combustor heigh is uniform, and the carbon content of fly ash is about 2~3%. In the experiment, with the increase of gasifier temperatrue, the more volatile of the sewage sludge was pyrolyzed. When the temperature of the gasifier reached 800°C, the calorific value of gas was 6.9MJ/Nm3; the emissions of SO2, NOx and HCl were appropriate to the standard. The leaching toxicity of heavy metal of the fly ash was lower than the discharge standard.

Insights for planning an effective stocking program in anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta)

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1092-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Marco-Rius ◽  
Graciela Sotelo ◽  
Pablo Caballero ◽  
Paloma Morán
Keyword(s):  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Brood Stock ◽  
Nursery Areas ◽  
Male Phenotype ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Mhc Locus ◽  
The Cost

Brown trout (Salmo trutta) is a salmonid species with a high socio-economic value related with recreational fishing. Because of that, stocking programs have been developed in many populations, although they have focused on resident populations. To explore which factors promote migratory behaviour when implementing stocking actions, 28 brown trout artificial crosses were carried out in a noncommercial hatchery, and the returning success of their offspring was further evaluated. Return rate was examined according to male phenotype (anadromous versus resident), mean egg size, parents’ similarity at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II β-gene, and stocking procedure. At the end of the experiment, 35 of the captured returning adults (9.4%) belonged to 14 of those crosses. Return success shows a significant effect (p = 0.0016) by parental MHC similarities, stocking procedure, and male phenotype. Our results indicate that planting fertilized eggs in nursery areas of the river, together with the selection of anadromous males as brood stock and mate pairs with higher similarity at the MHC locus, can be an appropriate option to increase the migratory part of trout populations. In addition, nursery areas can allow an important decrease in the cost per stocked individual, being 32 times less expensive than the cost per hatchery-reared individual.

Processing of Adenoid and Tonsil Specimens in Children: A National Survey of Standard Practices and a Five-Year Review of the Experience at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

1996 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Dohar ◽  
Jose A. Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
American Society ◽  
Standard Practices ◽  
Glycogen Storage Disorder ◽  
The Cost

The best means of pathologically examining routine tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy specimens in children remains controversial. Otolaryngologists fear missing an unsuspected diagnosis. However, the cost-effectiveness of microscopic analysis, given the rare incidence of unsuspected diagnosis, is questionable. If a significant pathologic diagnosis is missed, the medicolegal implications could be significant. A questionnaire was sent to 111 members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology. Additionally, we reviewed our experience at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh for the 5-year span from 1989 to 1994 to determine our incidence of unsuspected pathologic diagnoses. Sixty-five questionnaires were returned (59% response rate). More than half (56%) of the respondents stated that microscopic analysis was routinely performed on all specimens, and 42% replied that only gross examination was performed, reserving microscopic examination for selected cases. Three respondents said that they discarded their specimens in the operating room. From March 1989 to October 1994, in 1985 children undergoing bilateral tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, no significant pathologic diagnoses were found. Twenty-seven additional children who underwent only tonsillectomy between January 1991 and October 1994 were also reviewed. One lymphoma, suspected before surgery, and a glycogen storage disorder, not suspected before surgery, were diagnosed. Therefore, in a total of 2012 children, we found only one clinically significant unsuspected diagnosis. In conclusion, we found no national consensus governing the best way to examine routine adenotonsillectomy specimens in children. Given that unsuspected diagnoses are rare, reserving microscopic analysis for specific clinical indications may be both more cost-effective and medically feasible.

THE FOREIGN BANK EFFECT ON VALUE CREATION IN COMMERCIAL BANKS INCORPORATED IN THAILAND

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 215-244
Author(s):  
CHANTAL HERBERHOLZ
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Foreign Bank ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Domestic Banks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Traditional Performance

Using quarterly bank-level data over the period 1997–2005, this paper examines the effect of foreign bank presence on commercial banks incorporated in Thailand, using traditional and value-based performance measures as indicators of the degree of competition and proxies for the efficiency in the provision of banking services. The findings suggest that foreign bank presence is not only beneficial in terms of traditional performance measures, but also in terms of economic profit. The results with respect to economic value added and cash value added, however, cast some doubt over the presumed benefits of opening up, underlining the importance of using a proxy that considers the cost of equity and departs from standard accounting principles. Furthermore, the results indicate that foreign entry through the acquisition of domestic banks appears to have a stronger and more beneficial impact on locally incorporated banks than through the establishment of branches, with majority ownership by a foreign blockholder being of importance.

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