scholarly journals Analysis of the Capital Structure of Commercial Banks

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-69
Author(s):  
A. A. Perfilyev ◽  
L. P. Bufetova ◽  
Binbin Shen

The article presents a regression analysis of banking determinants and their impact on the capital structure of banks for the period 2011–2019 on an extensive statistical base of the countries of India, Russia, China, the USA and banks in the Eurozone. The study proceeds and is based on the empirical results of the analysis of the structure of bank capital, carried out for individual countries up to the specified period. These results turned out to be quite contradictory regarding the significance of different determinants of the structure of bank capital. Understanding the influence of the determinants on the stability of the banking system, the article attempts to explain the differences for the period 2011–2019, when the countries' banking systems adopted the Basel 3 capital adequacy requirements. It is shown that 1) the capital structure of banks is influenced not only by banking determinants, but also by development conditions, regulatory institutions, the state of the economy, which is evidence of the need to analyze the problems of forming the capital structure of banks by countries, types of banks, etc.; 2) banking determinants between 2011 and 2019 explain the variation in bank capital structure to a significant extent and regulatory action is relevant for all countries. From the point of view of the peculiarities of the formation of the structure of bank capital and the role of the regulator in this case, directions of modification of relevant theories of capital structure are proposed.

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Afzal

This study presents empirical support for the role of market discipline in augmenting bank capital ratios in a competitive banking environment. Using a panel dataset on domestic commercial banks in Pakistan from 2009 to 2014, the study determines if the market penalized banks for any increase in their risk profile through a rise in the cost of raising funds. The results point to a significant relationship between capital adequacy and other risk factors, with the cost of deposits demonstrating how depositors align the required return to the perceived risk level of the bank. These findings have important implications for policymakers as market discipline could complement the role of regulators, which would eventually lower the cost of supervision. Moreover, the focus of international reforms as seen through the implementation of Basel III should continue to be on developing a more competitive and transparent banking system.


2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650034 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER LIPTON

A modern version of monetary circuit theory with a particular emphasis on stochastic underpinning mechanisms is developed. It is explained how money is created by the banking system as a whole and by individual banks. The role of central banks as system stabilizers and liquidity providers is elucidated. It is shown how in the process of money creation banks become naturally interconnected. A novel extended structural default model describing the stability of the Interconnected banking network is proposed. The purpose of bank capital and liquidity is explained. Multi-period constrained optimization problem for bank balance sheet is formulated and solved in a simple case. Both theoretical and practical aspects are covered.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
M. Ghafur Ghafur Wibowo ◽  
Joko Setyono ◽  
Kurnia Rahman Abadi

The objective of this paper is to analyze the accounting treatment for mudharabah especially for account unrestricted investment (mudharabah mutlaqoh) in practical side which has been appling in the current Islamic banking system. This paper also concerns on the impliaction of different accounting treatment to the islamic financial institution. This study finds that there two different accounting treatment for Unrestricted Mudharabah currently practised by Islamic banking, namely as liability and as different account between equity and liability. The two differents of accounting treatment for mudharabah investment account (UIAHS) will have some implication to Islamic banking, namely: Profit distribution, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Risk management and Capital structure. Based on IFSB Capital Adequacy Standard, in accounting treatment AAOFI standard, since the mudharabah Investment account has portion between liability and equity, thus the alpha maybe equal to 0.5. However, in case of Malaysia which is more based on IFRS which is treated this account as a liability, alpha is close to one (1). The different CAR also will have implication on the risk management that should be conducted by Islamic bank. Capital structure policy is another aspect that will be influenced by the different of accounting treatment of UIAHS. Hence, the accounting treatment of UIAHS on whether it will be treated as equity or liability will has direct effect on capital structure policy and some other aspect such as default risk, bankruptcy cost etc.


Author(s):  
Fayzulla Tolipov ◽  

The article describes the specifics of the system of financing of small business and entrepreneurship in the recent history of Uzbekistan, the funds allocated for small business and entrepreneurship, the activities of commercial banks and the financial and banking system, some problems in the field. It also noted that since the early days of independence, a unique business environment has been created in the country to support the interests of entrepreneurs in the framework of development programs in this area, data on the role of financial mechanisms in the further development of small business and entrepreneurship in the country have been studied from a historical point of view. The article highlights the positive situation in the country's macro and microeconomic indicators, ie the active participation of banks in attracting local entrepreneurs and foreign investment, the existing problems in this area and the measures taken to address them. It analyzes the important factors and strategies of banks' participation in the development of business and entrepreneurship.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudzai Raymond Marandu ◽  
Athenia Bongani Sibindi

The bank capital structure debacle in the aftermath of the 2007-2009 financial crises continues to preoccupy the minds of regulators and scholars alike. In this paper we investigate the relationship between capital structure and profitability within the context of an emerging market of South Africa. We conduct multiple linear regressions on time series data of big South African banks for the period 2002 to 2013. We establish a strong relationship between the ROA (profitability measure) and the bank specific determinants of capital structure, namely capital adequacy, size, deposits and credit risk. The relationship exhibits sensitivity to macro-economic shocks (such as recessions), in the case of credit risk and capital but is persistent for the other determinants of capital structure.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tekin Bilgehan ◽  
Gor Yusuf

Each decision-making process is an important cognitive and emotional process which is open to the emotional effect. Individuals make a decision about a future uncertainty either to feel good or maximizing gain by minimizing the loss ratio. Recently, researches in finance have criticized that the capital structure decisions and firms’ funding and strategic choices deviate from the traditional neoclassical paradigm. Furthermore there is a nascent empirical literature that has exposed interesting evidence of the effects of managerial behavioral biases. Managers’ decisions, that to create the capital structure, have a vital importance for the company. The behavioral finance (BF) approach may be revealed useful results in the process of solving decision-makers’ behaviors and thoughts. In this context the purpose of this study is to reveal if the managers are affected by their behavioral characteristics in the process of the financing decision-making, based on the findings of studies in the literature. From this point of view behavioral finance literature, which is about the financing and capital structure decisions, is investigated. As a result, theoretical and empirical analyses, which discussed in the literature, show that managers’ biases play an important role in explaining the capital structure choice.


2020 ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
С.Г. Макарова ◽  
Е.И. Андрианова

Окончание. Начало в №5 за 2020 г. Вопрос о влиянии собственности государства в крупных российских компаниях на их структуру капитала остается открытым и пока не получил окончательного разрешения в литературе. Результаты работ, проведенных для российского рынка, свидетельствуют о значительной роли государственного участия в российских компаниях [5], а также о том, что российские компании с государственным участием имеют значительно более высокие значения долга в структуре капитала, чем частные [34]. В данной публикации для оценки роли государственного участия на структуру капитала российских компаний был проведен эмпирический анализ 139 публичных компаний за 2014-2018 гг. (выборка представлена государственными и частными компаниями), котирующихся на Московской бирже. В рамках проведенного исследования было выявлено, что отечественные публичные государственные компании при прочих равных условиях имеют более высокое значение долга в структуре капитала, чем частные. Кроме этого, компании с государственным участием имеют также более высокие значения коэффициента долгосрочных обязательств в сравнении с частными. Это подтверждает гипотезу о том, что деятельность государственных компаний связана с большими финансовыми рисками, чем частных, особенно в долгосрочной перспективе. В данной ситуации целесообразно ввести политику, направленную на повышение финансовой устойчивости государственных компаний, а именно, осуществлять деятельность по расширению производственных процессов за счет собственных средств и нераспределенной прибыли, а не за счет заемных средств. Также было получено положительное значимое влияние на структуру капитала компаний с государственным участием таких факторов, как размер компании, рентабельность продаж, рентабельность собственного капитала, было выявлено отрицательное влияние таких детерминант, как величина чистых активов, коэффициент оборачиваемости активов, отношение операционных расходов к EBITDA, рентабельность активов. The question of the influence of state ownership in Russian companies on their capital structure remains open for further discussion and the conclusion has not been drawn yet. The results of the work carried out for the Russian market indicate a significant role of state participation in Russian companies [4], as well as the fact that Russian companies with state participation have significantly higher values of debt in the capital structure than private ones [33]. In this publication, to assess the role of state participation in the capital structure of Russian companies, an empirical analysis of 139 public companies for 2014-2018 was carried out. (sample presented by state and private companies) listed on the Moscow Stock Exchange. n this study, it was revealed that domestic public state-owned companies, other things being equal, have a higher value of debt in the capital structure than private ones. In addition, companies with state participation also have higher values of the ratio of long-term liabilities in comparison with private ones. This confirms the hypothesis that the activities of state-owned companies are associated with greater financial risks than private ones, especially in the long term. In this situation, it is reasonable to introduce a policy aimed at increasing the financial stability of state-owned companies, namely, to carry out activities to expand production processes at the expense of their own funds and retained earnings, and not at the expense of borrowed funds. We also obtained a positive significant influence on the capital structure of companies with state participation of such factors as the size of the company, profitability of sales, return on equity, negative influence of such determinants as the value of net assets, the asset turnover ratio, the ratio of operating expenses to EBITDA, return on assets.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Bijan Bidabad ◽  
Abul Hassan

Dynamic structural behavior of depositor, bank and borrower and the role of banks in forming business cycle are investigated. We test the hypothesis that does banks behavior make oscillations in the economy through the interest rate. By dichotomizing banking activities into two markets of deposit and loan, we show that these two markets have non-synchronized structures, and this is why the money sector fluctuation starts. As a result, the fluctuation is transmitted to the real economy through saving and investment functions. Empirical results assert that in the USA, the banking system creates fluctuations in the money sector and real economy as well through short-term interest rates


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
PÂMELA A. TRISTÃO ◽  
IGOR B. SONZA

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper’s objective is to analyze whether the capital structure of Brazilian publicly traded companies remained stable over the last twenty years. Originality/value: The paper is focused on the Brazilian capital market, in which there is a lack in the literature about the study of the leverage behavior and its immaturity, where factors related to the companies and characteristics in contracting leverage alter the demand of credit. Design/methodology/approach: To achieve its objective, initially a graphical analysis of market and book debt evolution was carried out, and a GMM-Sys regression model through panel data was estimated to identify the stability of leverage along time. Findings: The results indicate a reduction of the market leverage with higher statistical significance after 2008, indicating, both in the graphic and the regression analysis, that the use of debt was unstable in the first period analyzed (1995-2007), behavior not observed during the second period (2008-2015) when analyzed market measures in which capital structure stability was prevalent, with considerable reduction of corporate leverage, otherwise, book measures of leverage would have shown a stability trend in leverage patterns. The principal determinants of the capital structure were the tax benefits (book debt) and the size (market debt), supporting trade-off theory.


1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
T R Smith

An important problem of general interest concerns the aggregate response of a system to increasing density (or decreasing effective distance between units). An analysis is made for a system in which the individual responses to changing density are smooth. The analysis is presented in terms of the ‘overbanked’ situation of the USA in the 1920s. Models are derived from micro-economic principles concerning the interaction of two banks in competition for deposits as road transportation decreases in relative cost. The conclusion drawn from analysis of the models is that aggregate deposits may increase in a smooth or in a discontinuous (jump) fashion, the jump depending on the nature of an individual banker's response function and occurring despite smooth individual responses. In the case where the system is always in equilibrium, the jump may be a catastrophe in the sense described by Thorn. The analysis indicates that improvements in road transportation may have significantly reduced the stability of the banking system to a point of catastrophic collapse (as well as, for example, overzealous chartering by the authorities). The analysis should have application to many other situations in which decreasing effective distance is an important fact.


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