scholarly journals Seth et al. Scale of Perceived Social Support for Elderly

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Seth ◽  
T. B. Singh ◽  
Mona Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Physical Support

The purpose of the study was to develop a scale to assess the perceived social- support comprising of five components among elderly in India. These five components are overall life perception, emotional support, physical support, nutritional support and financial support. Sample comprised of 103 elderly people of age 60 years and above (63 male and 40 female) living in urban area of Varanasi. Single stage cluster sampling was used to select the respondents and pre-tested and structured scheduled method was employed for data collection. A self developed 64-items was introduced earlier and 57-items in the final scale. These items were assessed through 4 point Likert scale. Mean, Median, Standard deviation, higher and lower values etc. of total score were calculated. The reliability of the scale was calculated by administering Cronbach-alpha. The Gutman split-half coefficient was found 0.77, indicating higher reliability of the test. Construct validity of the test was determined by finding coefficient of correlation between scores and reliability of the scores. It was found 0.98, showing highly validity.

Abstract P089: Does Social Support Attenuate the Impact of Poverty Status on Body Mass Index?

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarri N Kershaw ◽  
Arlene L Hankinson ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
High Social Support ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Effect Measure Modification ◽  
Emotional Social Support ◽  
The Impact

Background: Chronic stress associated with living in poverty may lead to higher levels of adiposity due to the adoption of obesity-promoting stress coping behaviors. Social support may provide an alternative means of coping with stress, but very few studies have investigated whether high levels of social support can mitigate the adverse impact of poverty on adiposity. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that social support modified the association between poverty and BMI whereby the association of poverty with BMI was weaker among adults who reported higher social support. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008) participants ages 40+ (n=5,768) responded to questions about availability and adequacy of emotional social support (adequate, inadequate, and none) and about availability of financial support (yes/no). Poverty was defined as a poverty:income ratio ≤ 1.3. BMI (kg/m 2 ) was calculated from measured height and weight. Sex-stratified multivariable linear regression with interaction terms for poverty and each measure of social support were used to test for effect measure modification in the relationships between poverty and BMI. Associations of each measure of social support with BMI were modeled separately. Results: Approximately 74.7% of women and 78.3% of men reported adequate emotional support. Available financial support was reported by 80.3% of women and 73.6% of men. Among women, higher poverty was related to higher mean BMI (beta=0.96; SE=0.32). Women who reported adequate emotional support had lower BMI than those who reported inadequate support (beta= −0.83; SE=0.35). Those who reported no available emotional support also had marginally lower mean BMI than women who reported inadequate support (beta= −1.27; SE=0.65; P =0.06). Women who reported having available financial support had lower BMI than those who reported no financial support (beta= −0.97; SE=0.40). There were no significant social support*poverty interactions. The relationship between poverty and BMI was similar in magnitude across levels of emotional support. Poverty was related to higher mean BMI for women who reported available financial support (beta=1.14; SE=0.45) but there was no difference in BMI among those who reported none (beta=0.02; SE=0.54). Neither measure of support was associated with BMI among men. Conclusions: Inadequate emotional support was associated with higher mean BMI in women than those who reported adequate support and those who reported no support. Lack of financial support was also associated with higher mean BMI in women. High social support did not offset the impact of poverty on BMI among women, suggesting social support may not be a sufficient strategy for coping with the stress of poverty.

Role of perceived social support in depressive and somatic symptoms experienced by Bedouin Arab and Jewish Israeli undergraduates

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Abu-Kaf ◽  
Golan Shahar ◽  
Gal Noyman-Veksler ◽  
Beatriz Priel
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
College Students ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Somatic Symptoms ◽  
Somatic Complaints ◽  
Arab Students

Elevated levels of depressive and somatic symptoms have been documented among college students. Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in the number of Bedouin Arab students studying at institutions of higher education in southern Israel. To date, research on coping and mental health problems among students who are members of this ethnic minority has been limited. This study examined the role of three aspects of perceived social support – availability, satisfaction, and the ability to get emotional support – in predicting depressive and somatic symptoms among Jewish Israeli and Bedouin Arab college students. A total of 89 Bedouin and 101 Jewish first-year students participated in this study, which involved two assessment waves 12 to 14 months apart. Participants completed questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, three aspects of perceived social support, and demographics. At Time 1, Bedouin students exhibited higher levels of depressive and somatic symptoms and lower levels of all three aspects of social support. Regression analyses showed that level of emotional support was a prospective predictor of somatization at Time 2. Moreover, when levels of emotional support were low, ethnic group predicted depression at Time 2; emotional support predicted depression only among Bedouin Arabs. The present study highlights the importance of the use of emotional support in predicting somatic complaints and depressive symptoms specifically among Bedouin Arab students. Clinical implications on intervention programs for ethnic minority students will be discussed.

scholarly journals Prediction of Psychological Well-Being in the Elderly by Assessing their Spirituality, Gratitude to God, and Perceived Social Support

Salmand ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-159
Author(s):  
Majid Sadoughi ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Hesampour ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Objectives: Today, psychological care for the elderly has received increasing attention due to potential threats posed by aging, loneliness, gradual decline in physical activity, increase of chronic diseases, social isolation, and physical and mental disabilities. The positive psychology approach to mental health seeks to promote the mental health of people by identifying and developing mental abilities and competences. The present study aimed to predict psychological well-being of the elderly based on the components of positive psychology including spirituality, gratitude to God, and perceived social support. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study conducted on 211 elderly people aged 60-70 years (109 males and 102 females) who were selected randomly. Data collection tools were a demographic form (surveying age, gender, education, marital status, and socioeconomic status), and Paloutzian and Ellisons’ Spirituality Well-Being Scale, short form of Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale, Emmons and Crumpler’s Gratitude to God Questionnaire, and Zimet’s Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS software V. 22 by using descriptive (Mean and Standard Deviation), Pearson correlation test, and stepwise regression analysis. Results: Mean and Standard Deviation of different study variables were reported as follows: Psychological well-being =7.1±10.68; Spirituality =90.22±15.36; Gratitude to God =14.09±2.41; Social support from family members =21.6±4.2; Social support from friends =16.5±5.8; and Social support from significant others =20.23±5. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that spirituality (F1,209=62.02, P=0.001), social support from family members (F1,208=11.06, P=0.001), and gratitude to God (F1,207=4.80, P=0.001) could significantly explain 27% of the psychological well-being variance in the elderly.  Conclusion: Increased spirituality, gratitude to God, and perceived social support especially from family members can improve psychological well-being of the elderly. Hence, Strengthening and paying special attention to their spiritual needs and perceived social support as well as planning health care for them can help increase their psychological well-being. 

scholarly journals The Influence of Social Support to the Quality of Life of Tuberculosis Patients in Depok, West Java Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Anisah ◽  
Ratna Djuwita ◽  
Mondastri K. Sudaryo
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Estimation

The quality of life of Tuberculosis (TB) patients is very important to be considered due to infectious disease is chronic that it can affect quality of life. In order to improve quality of life is by providing social support to TB patients. This study aims to discuss the influence of social support to the quality of life of TB patients. This was a longitudinal study (repeated measurements). Data collection with interviews to respondents using the WHOQOL-BREF and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Data analysis using General Estimation of Equotion. The results showed that social support has a strong influence to the quality of life of TB patients (OR = 7.9); An influential source of social support to improve the quality of life of TB patients were family, friends and significant others. Family support provides the highest contribution with an OR of 19.7; An influential type of social support to improve the quality of life of TB patients were emotional, informational and companionship support. Emotional support provides the highest contribution with an OR of 7.4. Social support to TB patients given at the 5th month of treatment have a positive impact on the quality of life with PAR% was 70%. This study recommends improving the social support to TB patients to increase quality of life of TB patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Perceived Persuasiveness Questionnaire: User-Centered Card-Sort Study

10.2196/20404 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. e20404
Author(s):  
Nienke Beerlage-de Jong ◽  
Hanneke Kip ◽  
Saskia Marion Kelders
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Item Level

Background eHealth technologies aim to change users’ health-related behavior. Persuasive design and system features can make an eHealth technology more motivating, engaging, or supportive to its users. The Persuasive Systems Design (PSD) model incorporates software features that have the possibility to increase the persuasiveness of technologies. However, the effects of specific PSD software features on the effectiveness of an intervention are still largely unknown. The Perceived Persuasiveness Questionnaire (PPQ) was developed to gain insight into the working mechanisms of persuasive technologies. Although the PPQ seems to be a suitable method for measuring subjective persuasiveness, it needs to be further evaluated to determine how suitable it is for measuring perceived persuasiveness among the public. Objective This study aims to evaluate the face and construct validity of the PPQ, identify points of improvement, and provide suggestions for further development of the PPQ. Methods A web-based closed-ended card-sort study was performed wherein participants grouped existing PPQ items under existing PPQ constructs. Participants were invited via a Massive Open Online Course on eHealth. A total of 398 people (average age 44.15 years, SD 15.17; 251/398, 63.1% women) completed the card sort. Face validity was evaluated by determining the item-level agreement of the original PPQ constructs. Construct validity was evaluated by determining the construct in which each item was placed most often, regardless of the original placement and how often 2 items were (regardless of the constructs) paired together and what interitem correlations were according to a cluster analysis. Results Four PPQ constructs obtained relatively high face validity scores: perceived social support, use continuance, perceived credibility, and perceived effort. Item-level agreement on the other constructs was relatively low. Item-level agreement for almost all constructs, except perceived effort and perceived effectiveness, would increase if items would be grouped differently. Finally, a cluster analysis of the PPQ indicated that the strengths of the newly identified 9 clusters varied strongly. Unchanged strong clusters were only found for perceived credibility support, perceived social support, and use continuance. The placement of the other items was much more spread out over the other constructs, suggesting an overlap between them. Conclusions The findings of this study provide a solid starting point toward a redesigned PPQ that is a true asset to the field of persuasiveness research. To achieve this, we advocate that the redesigned PPQ should adhere more closely to what persuasiveness is according to the PSD model and to the mental models of potential end users of technology. The revised PPQ should, for example, enquire if the user thinks anything is done to provide task support but not how this is done exactly.

scholarly journals Psychometric Validation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support During Pregnancy in Rural Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sharif ◽  
Ahmed Zaidi ◽  
Ahmed Waqas ◽  
Abid Malik ◽  
Ashley Hagaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychometric Validation ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Rural Pakistan

Background: The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) is a short and reliable instrument that assesses perceived social support from the social network of an individual. A previous study in Pakistan among postpartum women has demonstrated a unidimensional factor structure in contrast to the original three-factor structure. The emergence of a one-factor structure for postpartum women in Pakistan may be due to traditional postpartum practices unique to the women of the subcontinent. Building upon the previous evidence, this study aims to explore the psychometric properties of MSPSS among pregnant women in their third trimester in rural Pakistan.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2014 to February 2016, in rural Pakistan. A sample of 1,154 pregnant women (aged ≥ 18 years) in their third trimester who were registered with the local Lady Health Worker Program and were living in the north of the Punjab Province was included in this study. They were assessed using Urdu translated scales of Patient Health Questionnaire, MSPSS, Maternal Social Support Index, and Perceived Stress Scale. Principal Axis Factoring was used to assess the construct validity of the MSPSS.Results: The MSPSS scale showed an excellent internal consistency, yielding a Cronbach's α-value of 0.933. The MSPSS scale exhibited an excellent construct validity, and confirmatory factor analysis retained three factors (family, friends, and significant others) for both the depressed and non-depressed samples. Internal reliability and construct validity were also established.Conclusion: The psychometric findings suggest that the tridimensional structure of MSPSS is a valid and reliable measure of perceived social support among the Pakistani population with and without perinatal depression. The perceived social support is an important predictor of maternal mental well-being and psychopathologies, and the MSPSS can serve as a useful tool in mental health research in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Validation of depressive symptoms, social support, and minority stress scales among Gay, Bisexual, and other men who have with men (GBMSM) in Nigeria, Africa: A Mixed Methods Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedotun Ogunbajo ◽  
Stella Iwuagwu ◽  
Rashidi Williams ◽  
Katie B Biello ◽  
Christopher W Kahler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Stress Measure

Abstract Background: Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in Nigeria experience social marginalization, discrimination and violence due to their sexual identity, which may negatively impact physical, mental, and sexual health outcomes. Studies on GBMSM in Africa utilize measurement scales developed largely for populations in the Global North. The validity and reliability of these instruments—to our knowledge—have never been thoroughly investigated among GBMSM in Nigeria. The aim of the current study was to determine the validity and reliability of the English versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-R), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and LGBT Minority Stress Measure among a large multi-state sample of GBMSM Nigeria.Methods: Between January and June 2019, we conducted cognitive interviews (N=30) and quantitative assessments (N=406) with GBMSM in Nigeria. The cognitive interviews assessed comprehension of scale items and elicited suggestions for scale modifications. The quantitative assessment was used to gather psychosocial health data and to evaluate psychometric properties and construct validity of the modified scales. We utilized confirmatory factor analysis to assess factor structure, correlation coefficients, and Cronbach’s alpha to examine scale validity and internal consistency. Results: Based on participant feedback from the cognitive interviews, we made slight modifications (i.e., culturally appropriate word substitutions) to all three scales. Results of quantitative analyses indicated good psychometric properties including high factor loadings, internal consistency and construct validity among the CESD-R, MSPSS, and LGBT Minority Stress Measure among GBMSM in Nigeria. Conclusion: These results suggests that modifying research scales to be more culturally relevant likely do not jeopardize their validity and reliability. We found that modified scales measuring depressive symptoms, perceived social support, and minority stress among GBMSM in Nigeria remained valid. More research is needed to explore whether the psychometric properties remain if the scales are translated into broken English (Pidgin) and other traditional Nigerian languages (Yoruba, Igbo and Hausa).

scholarly journals What Type of Social Support Is Important for Student Resilience During COVID-19? A Latent Profile Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingping Mai ◽  
Yenchun Jim Wu ◽  
Yanni Huang
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
School Type ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Negative Coping

In the face of the sudden outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), some students showed resilience in coping with difficulties while some did not. While different types of students showed different levels of resilience, are there significant characteristics among students with similar levels of resilience? In this study, 3,454 students (aged 15–25 years) were surveyed to understand students' perceived social support-coping modes while investigating the demographic characteristics and mental health status of subclasses of different modes. We found that (1) in the two subgroups of students with extremely low and low levels of perceived social support, the source of students' perceived social support did not have a clear orientation; in the two subgroups with moderate and high levels of perceived social support, the most perceived emotional support was from family and friends, while the least perceived support was companionship from teachers, classmates, and relatives, and problems related to the dependability of friends and communication with family. (2) The degree of social support perceived by students is directly proportional to the coping tendency, i.e., as the degree of perceived social support increases, the proportion of students adopting active coping strategies increases while that of students adopting negative coping strategies decreases; thus, we concluded that high levels of emotional support from family and friends can increase students' tendency of adopting positive strategies to cope with difficulties, while problems related to the dependability of friends and communication with family decrease students' tendency of adopting positive coping strategies. (3) Gender had a significant impact on the extremely low and low levels of perceived social support-negative coping tendencies; these subgroups accounted for 34.6% of the total students. Gender showed no significant influence on other subgroups, a school type had no impact on the distribution of the subgroups. (4) The higher the degree of perceived social support, the lower is the degree of students' general anxiety, and the lower is the degree of impact by the COVID-19 pandemic. The subdivision of student groups allows us to design more targeted support programmes for students with different psychological characteristics to help them alleviate stress during the COVID-19 epidemic.

scholarly journals Voluntary Reduction of Social Interaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Taiwan: Related Factors and Association with Perceived Social Support

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8039
Author(s):  
Wei-Po Chou ◽  
Peng-Wei Wang ◽  
Shiou-Lan Chen ◽  
Yu-Ping Chang ◽  
Chia-Fen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Affective Constructs

This study aimed to determine the proportion of individuals who voluntarily reduced interaction with their family members, friends, and colleagues or classmates to avoid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and the associations of reduced social interaction with perceived social support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. Moreover, the related factors of voluntary reduction of social interaction were examined. We recruited participants via a Facebook advertisement. We determined the reduced social interaction, perceived social support, cognitive and affective constructs of health belief and demographic characteristics among 1954 respondents (1305 women and 649 men; mean age: 37.9 years with standard deviation 10.8 years). In total, 38.1% of respondents voluntarily reduced their social interaction with friends to avoid COVID-19 infection, 36.1% voluntarily reduced their interaction with colleagues or classmates, and 11.1% voluntarily reduced interaction with family members. Respondents who voluntarily reduced interaction with other people reported lower perceived social support than those who did not voluntarily reduce interaction. Respondents who were older and had a higher level of worry regarding contracting COVID-19 were more likely to voluntarily reduce interaction with family members, friends, and colleagues or classmates to avoid COVID-19 infection than respondents who were younger and had a lower level of worry regarding contracting COVID-19, respectively. The present study revealed that despite strict social distancing measures not being implemented in Taiwan, more than one-third of respondents voluntarily reduced their interaction with friends and colleagues or classmates. The general public should be encouraged to maintain social contacts through appropriately distanced in-person visits and telecommunication.

The relationship between social support, depression and treatment for depression in people with multiple sclerosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MOHR ◽  
C. CLASSEN ◽  
M. BARRERA
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Structural Support ◽  
Physical Support ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Studies have been fairly consistent in finding a relationship between social support and depression. However, little is known about the relationship between depression and social support in the context of treatment for depression. This study examined the effects of treatment for depression on social support among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Method. Sixty-three moderately depressed MS patients received 16 weeks of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), supportive expressive group psychotherapy (SEGP) or sertraline. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory and social support was measured using Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule.Results. Treatment for depression was associated with significant increases in perceived social support, utilized social support and satisfaction with support, as well as reduction in need for emotional support. There were no significant changes in structural support or need for physical support. There were also no differences in change in social support across treatments. All changes in social support were fully explained by depression. Improvements in utilized social support and satisfaction with social support were fully mediated by improvements in depression. Baseline depression predicted improvements in perceived support and need for emotional support.Conclusions. These findings suggest that improvements in social support among MS patients during treatment for depression can be explained by depression. However, different domains of social support may be differentially sensitive to changes in depression.

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