scholarly journals Pharmacological and Phytochemical Evaluation of Calendula officinalis Linn. For Anti-Anxiety Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Anita ◽  
Mohan Chander
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiety Screening ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

The Plant Calendula officinalis Linn. (Asteraceae), traditionally was found to be used in the treatment of anxiety. Despite a long tradition of use, no systematic pharmacological and phytochemical work has been carried out on this plant. Thus, C. officinalis was subjected to preliminary anti-anxiety screening studies, with a view to ascertain the truth on evidence of its traditional use as anti-anxiety. In the present study, aerial parts of the plant were extracted using solvents in the order of increasing polarity, viz., petroleum ether (60–80°C), chloroform, methanol and distilled water. Elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to evaluate the anti anxiety activity on all the crude extracts on mice. Methanolic extract of C. officinalis at the dose of 100 mg/kg, p.o. was found significant when compared to diazepam, (2mg/kg). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids and polyphenols therefore specific methods are used to extract the total alkaloids and polyphenols fractions from the plant material and methanol extract. Polyphenol fraction at the dose of 50 mg/kg, p.o. showed significant anti-anxiety activity.

scholarly journals Sedative and anxiolytic effects of methanolic extract from the leaves of Passiflora actinia

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kely Cristina dos Santos ◽  
Stella Maris Tessaro Figura Kurtz ◽  
Simony Davet Müller ◽  
Maique Weber Biavatti ◽  
Rúbia Maria Monteiro Weffort de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Plus Maze

Leaves from several Passiflora species are largely employed in the Brazilian folk medicine as anxiolytic and sedative. In this work the anxiolytic, sedative-like properties and liquid chromatography analysis of methanolic extract of Passiflora actinia were evaluated. The methanol extract and all of its fractions presented significant sedative-like effect in elevated plus-maze and open field tests. Only the aqueous fraction of the methanol extract showed selective anxiolytic activity (30 mg/kg). Chromatographic analysis of the active fractions showed the presence of isovitexin and absence of the classical Passiflora beta-carboline alkaloids or flavonoids such as vitexin, rutin, swertisin, hesperidin and orientin. The tincture obtained from P. actinia leaves presented 0.27 mg/ml of isovitexin and absence of vitexin.

scholarly journals IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM VIBURNUM PUNCTATUM BUCH-HAM EX D. DON

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
A. Renjith Alex ◽  
K. Ilango
Keyword(s):  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Human Colon Cancer Cells

Objective: The main aim of the study was to screen the isolated compounds of Viburnum Punctatum for its in vitro anticancer activity and its percentage viability against HCT 15 (Human Colon Cancer Cells) Cell lines.Methods: Pet ether, Chloroform, Methanol and Aqueous extracts was prepared and assayed for the presence of phytochemicals. Two compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of Viburnum Punctatum by column chromatography such as ME1 (Quercetin) and ME2 (Kaemferol-3-glycoside) characterised by UV, IR, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The above isolated compounds were subjected to in vitro anticancer activity on HCT 15 cell lines was evaluated by Micro culture Tetrazolium (MTT) assay.Results: ME1 showed significant cytotoxic activity than the ME2 on HCT 15 cells with a percentage viability of 54.60 and 67.18 in the concentration of 10µg/ml and 50µg/ml respectively.Conclusion: On the basis of obtained results, ME1 and ME2 isolated from a methanolic extract of Viburnum Punctatum represent a new group of cytotoxic against HCT 15 Cell lines.

scholarly journals SHODHANA DECREASES NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF SEMECARPUS ANACARDIUM

2016 ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Pratap Kumar Sahu ◽  
Mishra Sk ◽  
Rout K ◽  
Prusty Sk
Keyword(s):  
Radial Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Nootropic Activity ◽  
Alternation Behavior ◽  
Spontaneous Alternation Behavior ◽  
Semecarpus Anacardium ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Plus Maze

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Objective: To evaluate the nootropic activity of methanolic extract of pre-shodhit and shodhit Semecarpus anacardium (SA) nuts and to observe the<br />effect of shodhana on nootropic activity of SA.<br />Methods: Spatial learning and working memory was considered for evaluation. The parameters used were spontaneous alternation behavior<br />(Y-maze), number of correct responses (radial maze), and transfer latency in day 1 (elevated plus maze). Scopolamine, an anticholinergic drug, was<br />used to induce cognitive deficit. % inhibition of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) was measured in vitro.<br />Results: Both pre-shodhit and shodhit drug reversed the scopolamine-induced a decrease in percentage spontaneous alternation behavior in Y-maze<br />and number of correct responses in radial maze. Scopolamine-induced increase in transfer latency in elevated plus maze was significantly decreased<br />by pre-shodhit drug only. Shodhit drug has no significant effect on transfer latency. Both pre-shodhit and shodhit drug showed dose-dependent<br />inhibition of AChE activity in vitro. Pre-shodhit drug showed a more nootropic activity than shodhit drug.<br />Conclusion: Methanolic extract of the nuts of S. anacardium possesses nootropic activity which may be attributed to inhibition of cholinesterase<br />activity. Shodhana of the nuts decreases nootropic activity.<br />Keywords: Semecarpus anacardium, Acetylcholine esterase, Shodhana, Nootropic.</p>

scholarly journals In VitroandIn VivoAntimalarial Evaluations of Myrtle Extract, a Plant Traditionally Used for Treatment of Parasitic Disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Naghibi ◽  
Somayeh Esmaeili ◽  
Noor Rain Abdullah ◽  
Mehdi Nateghpour ◽  
Mahdieh Taghvai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation

Based on the collected ethnobotanical data from the Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center (TMRC), Iran,Myrtus communisL. (myrtle) was selected for the assessment ofin vitroandin vivoantimalarial and cytotoxic activities. Methanolic extract of myrtle was prepared from the aerial parts and assessed for antiplasmodial activity, using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay against chloroquine-resistant (K1) and chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strains ofPlasmodium falciparum. The 4-day suppressive test was employed to determine the parasitemia suppression of the myrtle extract againstP. berghei  in vivo. The IC50values of myrtle extract were 35.44 µg/ml against K1 and 0.87 µg/ml against 3D7. Myrtle extract showed a significant suppression of parasitaemia (84.8 ± 1.1% at 10 mg/kg/day) in mice infected withP. bergheiafter 4 days of treatment. Cytotoxic activity was carried out against mammalian cell lines using methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay. No cytotoxic effect on mammalian cell lines up to 100 µg/mL was shown. The results support the traditional use of myrtle in malaria. Phytochemical investigation and understanding the mechanism of action would be in our upcoming project.

scholarly journals Amelioration of Scopolamine-Induced Amnesic, Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of Ficus benghalensis in Behavioral Experimental Models

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Humna Malik ◽  
Sana Javaid ◽  
Muhammad Fawad Rasool ◽  
Noreen Samad ◽  
Syed Rizwan Ahamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Passive Avoidance ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ficus Benghalensis ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Background and Objectives: Ficus benghalensis (FB) is a commonly found tree in Pakistan and its various parts have folkloric importance in managing neurological ailments. In the present study, methanolic extract of its bark has been tested on an experimental animal model to evaluate memory-enhancing, anxiolytic and antidepressant activities to validate the claimed therapeutic potential. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of freshly isolated bark was prepared and subjected to preliminary phytochemical studies and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis for the presence of phytocomponents. To evaluate its effect on spatial learning, passive-avoidance test–step through (PAT-ST), Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were carried out. Open-field (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were employed to explore the anti-anxiety potential of FB while a forced swimming test (FST) was utilized to assess its anti-depressant prospective. FB doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg with positive and negative controls given to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Results: phytochemical studies showed the presence of various phytoconstituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, phenolics and anthraquinones. The presence of synephrine, aspargine, glucose, fructose and fatty acids was revealed by GC–MS analysis. FB administration led to significant improved memory retention when evaluated through passive avoidance (p < 0.05), Y-maze (p < 0.05) and Morris water maze (p < 0.05) tests in a scopolamine model of amnesic rats. When tested by open field and elevated plus maze tests, FB demonstrated anxiety-resolving characteristics (p < 0.05) as animals dared to stay in open areas more than a control group. Mobility time was increased and immobility time was reduced (p < 0.05–0.01) in rats treated with FB, unveiling the anti-depressant importance of F. benghalensis. Conclusion: methanolic extract of F. benghalensis bark furnished scientific proof behind folkloric claims of the memory improving, anxiety-reducing and depression-resolving characteristics of the plant. These activities might be possible due to interaction of its phytoconstituents with serotonergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic and GABAergic systems in the brain.

SCREENING OF STEM BARK EXTRACT OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA LINN. FOR PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham S. Gawas ◽  
M.H.S. Godinho
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata ◽  
Dunnett's Test

Bauhinia variegata named orchid tree, belongs to the family leguminosae. The methanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata (MEBV) revealed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids and flavonoids. Various CNS models were used to find out the antianxiety activity of Bauhinia variegata. The study was designed to evaluate the antianxiety activity of stem bark extract of Bauhinia variegata. The effect of dried stem bark of Bauhinia variegata (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) was evaluated using Elevated Plus Maze, Light and Dark Box, Restrained Stress Model and Novelty Suppressed Feeding Test using a wistar albino rats (n=6) and was statistically analyzed using ONE WAY Annova followed by Dunnett’s test. Oral administration of the methanolic extract of Bauhinia variegata (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) showed significant increase in %OAE and %TSOA values for EPM, NEL and TSL values in Light and Dark Box, Restrained Stress Model showed  significant increase in %OAE and %TSOA and NEL and TSL values. Novelty suppressed feeding behaivior test showed significantly lower values for latency to feed.From the present study it may be concluded that among both the test groups, MEBV at a dose of 400 mg/kg was found to possess significant anti-anxiety activity. Keywords: EPM- Elevated Plus Maze, NEL- Number of Entries in Light, TSL- Time spent in light.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract from Anthocephalus cadamba stem bark in animal models

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kodangala Subraya Chandrashekar ◽  
Kodangala Subraya Prasanna ◽  
Borthakur Abinash
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background:<em> Anthocephalus cadamba </em>(Rebox)Miq. (Rubiaceae) is widely distributed throughout the greater part of India, especially at low levels in wet place. Traditionally the bark is used as tonic, febrifuge and to reduce the pain and inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract obtained from <span style="font-style: italic;"> Anthocephalus cadamba </span> aerial parts, MEAC, were investigated in this study. Design and methods: The effects of MEAC on the acute and chronic phases of inflammation were studied in carrageenan, dextran and mediators (histamine and serotonin) induced paw edema and cotton pallet-induced granuloma, respectively. The anti-edema effect of MEAC was compared with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin orally. Results: The results suggested that MEAC possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. The acute inflammatory model showed that all the doses of MEAC effectively suppressed the edema produced by histamine, so it may be suggested that its anti-inflammatory activity is possibly backed by its antihistaminic activity. In chronic inflammatory model the effect may be due to the cellular migration to injured sites and accumulation of collagen and mucopolysaccharide. Conclusions: On the basis of these findings, it may be inferred that <span style="font-style: italic;"> Anthocephalus cadamba </span> is an anti-inflammatory agent and the results are in agreement with its traditional use.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic and Anticonvulsant Effects on Mice of Flavonoids, Linalool, and -Tocopherol Presents in the Extract of Leaves ofCissus sicyoidesL. (Vitaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvaldo Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Krissia Rayane de Oliveira Rafael ◽  
Geraldo Bosco Lindoso Couto ◽  
Ana Beatriz Matos Ishigami
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Marble Burying ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Behavioral Assays ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effects

The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects of a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the aerial parts ofCissus sicyoidesL. (CS) (Vitaceae) on male and female mice using several behavioral assays. Groups of males and females treated via intraperitoneal (IP) with doses of 300, 600, and 1000 mg/kg of the extract showed significant action in the elevated plus-maze (EPM), time spent in the open arms, and number of entries in the open arms. The board-hole test also showed a significant increase in the time spent in head-dipping and in marble-burying test of the number of marbles buried. The same treatment increased the duration of sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital and also showed a significant increase in protection against pentylenotetrazole-induced convulsions. These results indicate an anxiolytic and anticonvulsant-like action fromC. sicyoidesL. extract on mice, probably due to the action of flavonoid(s), Linalool, and -tocopherol present in theC. sicyoidesleaves.

scholarly journals Neuropharmacological Profile of Fractions of Actaea acuminata H. Hara Roots

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar ◽  
Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Extension Phase ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Tonic Extension

The methanol extract of Actaea acuminata roots have beenpreviously reported to exhibit significant antianxiety, anticonvulsant andantidepressant activities. In present study fractionation of crude bioactivemethanol extract was carried out using different solvents employing standardprocedure. Various fractions were evaluated for antianxiety, anticonvulsantand antidepressant activities using elevated plus maze model (EPM), maximalelectroshock-induced convulsions model (MES) and forced / despair swim test(FST) respectively. Successive partitioning of bioactive methanol extract wasdone with ethyl acetate and 1-butanol. The ethyl acetate fraction (EAF; 100mg/kg), 1-butanol fraction (BF; 25 mg/kg) and remaining methanol extract(RME; 70 mg/kg) were subjected to neuropharmacological activities. TheEAF significantly enhanced entries and average time spent in open arms;significantly decreased duration of MES-induced tonic extension phase andsignificantly decreased duration of immobility time of rats in comparisonto control. BF and RME did not exhibit any neuropharmacological activity.Qualitative chemical tests confirmed presence of alkaloids and polyphenolsin EAF. It is finally concluded that alkaloids and/or polyphenols are bioactiveconstituents of A. acuminata which are responsible for neuropharmacologicalactivities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the anxiolytic effects of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Annona muricata using the elevated plus maze test

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-332
Author(s):  
Kwasi Adomako Ohemeng ◽  
◽  
Peace Doe ◽  
Mariam Adoley Pappoe ◽  
Dzifa Thywill Gordor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Elevated Plus Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Introduction: Natural products since time immemorial have been the source of traditional medicine. A number of well-known anxiolytic agents currently used have several side effects that limit their use. Among medicinal plants, leaves of Annona muricata (AM) are being recommended by traditional healers for the management of anxiety. This study is performed to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Annona muricata. Methodology: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Annona muricata were prepared and assessed for anxiolytic effect using the elevated plus maze (EPM) model. The antianxiety activity of the extracts were compared to the control (distilled water 10ml/kg) and standard drug Diazepam (5mg/kg). Results and discussion: All doses of the aqueous leaf extract of Annona muricata exhibited significant increase in mean entries into open arms (P<0.01) and mean time spent in open arms (P<0.05) compared to the control. 100mg/kg and 400mg/kg of the ethanolic bark extract of Annona muricata showed significant increase in open arm entries (P<0.01) with 100mg/kg also showing an increase in time spent in open arms which was significant. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves and bark of Annona muricata exert an anxiolytic effect on rats which substantiates its traditional use in the management of anxiety.

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