scholarly journals Assessment of some liver enzyme activities in healthy Iraqi racing Horses

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
AL-Hadithy H. AH.
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The current study was conducted for the measurement of normal range and mean value of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in (125) clinically normal Iraqi racing horses (males and females , Arabian and Crossbred) , aged 2 – 8 years ; < 4 , 4 and > 4 age groups . The results revealed that the range and the mean value ± SEM of these enzymes were as follows ; serum ALT 2 – 28 U/L and 11.07 ± 0.62 U/L, serum AST 30 – 210 U/L and 78.00 ± 3.62 U/L and serum ALP 63 – 204 IU/L and 96.84 ± 2.52 IU/L respectively .However, significant difference (P < 0.05) in serum ALT was recorded between Arabian and Crossbred , while serum AST values showed a significant differences (P < 0.05) between males and females , as well as between less and more than four years age groups .On the other hand , there was no significant difference in serum ALP values between the studied groups . In conclusion , this study recorded and established the normal range reference values and mean ± SEM of serum liver enzymes ALT , AST and ALP in clinically healthy Iraqi racing horses .

scholarly journals Quantitative electroencephalography as a tool for objective neurophysiological seizure diagnosis: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Tribhuwan Kumar ◽  
Kamlesh Jha ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrical Activities

Objectives: Seizure is the fourth most common neurological disorder in the world; it affects all age groups with equal possibility of occurrence in both males and females. Many antiepileptic drugs are available today, but its diagnosis is challenging. The present study attempted to see if seizure activities could be predicted by analyzing the pre-seizure electrical activities. The prediction may help in taking preventive measures appropriately beforehand in the individuals with seizure proneness. Material and Methods: We selected 11 generalized seizure patients and 19 control patients out of total 115 patients referred for electro-diagnostics for various reasons. EEG of the subjects recorded, segmented as per protocol, and analyzed using MATLAB and EEGLAB tools. Results: The mean energy level in alpha and beta band of the study subject was significantly lower (P = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) as compared to the age matched control subjects. Theta and delta bands did not show any significant difference between the groups. The difference between the pre- and post-electrical seizure energy and entropy was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The study shows that the energy level remains low in the seizure patients in the alpha and beta bands. This further goes down when electrophysiological seizure activities starts. The randomness or entropy does not alter significantly among the seizure subjects in comparison to non-seizure subjects.

scholarly journals a comparative analysis of canthal index of ekowe indigenes, bayelsa state

2021 ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Timipa Richard Ogoun ◽  
Tobia P.S S ◽  
Aye T T
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predictive Study

Human body parts are useful in the predictive study of the unknown. The aim of this study is to know the normative values of the canthi of the Ekowe people. Measurements such as inner and outer canthal distances were carried out. The mean value of the innercanthal distance for males and females are 3.55±0.58 and 3.43±0.52. The mean outer canthal distance for male and female is 13.91±0.84 and 13.62±0.76. The canthal index for male and female is 25.59±4.54 and 25.30±4.03. Sexual dimorphism exists and statistical significant difference was noticed in the outer canthal distance between the males and females (P˂0.05). This study has provided us with normative reference values of inner and outer canthal distances and canthal index for the Ekowe Population which is import to the health care givers, Anatomist, ophthalmic industry and anthropologist

scholarly journals Skull Base Angle Morphometry in South Indian Population with Review on Terminology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veeramani Raveendranath ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Dash ◽  
Krishnan Nagarajan ◽  
Thangaraj Kavitha ◽  
Srinidhi Swathi
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Basal Angle ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Basal angle, Boogaard’s angle, and clival angle are frequently used in diagnosing the craniometric angle malformations either on radiography or now more on MRI. But anatomic and clinical studies have used varied terms for these parameters. We aimed to look for these parameters among a normal south Indian adult population to standardize the measurements and their terminology. Materials and Methods One hundred MRI images (50 males and 50 female) were studied retrospectively. MRI images that were reported as normal by neuroradiologist were taken up for the study. Mean and the standard deviation of males and females were calculated for basal angle, Boogaard’s angle, and clival angle, separately. Unpaired t-test was used to analyze the significant difference (p < 0.05) between the genders. The intraclass coefficient correlation was used to analyze the interobserver variability. Results The mean value of basal angle in males and females are 113°and 114°, respectively. The mean value of Boogaard’s angle in males and females are 120°and 121°, respectively. The mean value of clival angle in males and females are 157°and 155°, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between males and females in all three angles. Conclusion Knowledge about the normal angles will be an important tool in understanding the normal and abnormal skull base. Since the type of skull varies in accordance with race, the normal craniometric angle also varies in accordance with race. The present study tried to standardize the parameters of normal skull base angles for appropriate correction of the anomalies and uniform usage of terminology.

scholarly journals Estimation of Serum Liver Enzymes Activities in Awassi Sheep

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
H.A. H. Al-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Effect Of Age

The current study was conducted on 152 clinically normal Awassi sheep to evaluate serum activities of alanine aminotranferase (ALT), aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in Baghdad governorate / Iraq. Sheep were divided into males; 62 ram lambs and rams, 90 females; ewe lambs, pregnant and lactating ewes both aged 7 to 48 months. The samples were collected from October 2011 until March 2012, and the sera were used for measurement of serum liver enzymes.The results revealed that the range and mean ± SEM of these enzymes were as follows : serum ALT 3.5 – 24 U/L and 9.66 ± 0.31 U/L, serum AST 25 – 220 U/L and 71.83 ± 3.09 U/L , serum ALP 59 – 300 U/L and 139.86 ± 3.56 U/L and serum GGT 2.3 – 38.2 U/L and 15.9 ± 0.78 U/L respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between males and females in serum ALT and GGT activities. The effect of age on serum liver enzymes was studied in males. However, according to physiologic status a significant difference (P<0.05) noticed in serum enzymes values of all groups. In conclusion, present data recorded range references and mean ± SE for serum liver enzymes in normal Iraqi Awassi sheep with significant differences in activities of these enzymes between males and females a well as between subgroups in both sexes

scholarly journals Relationship Between Proximal Articular Set Angle and Hallux Abducto Valgus

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Ferrari ◽  
James Malone-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Metatarsal Head ◽  
Valgus Deformity ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lateral Tilt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

A study of radiographs from 50 males and 50 females was undertaken to determine whether a relationship existed between the proximal articular set angle and the hallux abductus angle. Gender differences in the relationship were also investigated. The normal range for the proximal articular set angle was –2.6° to 8.6°, with a mean of 5°. There was no significant difference in the mean values between males and females. A positive linear correlation between the proximal articular set angle and hallux abducto valgus deformity was found (R2 = 0.52), suggesting that an increased lateral tilt of the metatarsal head is one of the factors that lead to hallux abducto valgus deformity. The relationship between proximal articular set angle and hallux abducto valgus deformity was similar in males and females and did not account for the increased hallux deformity seen in females. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92(6): 331-335, 2002)

scholarly journals Wits Appraisal Among Qatari Females: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Abdallah Hashim ◽  
Najah AL-Sayed ◽  
Feras Abed AL Jawad ◽  
Ayah AL-Qaisi
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: The goal of cephalometric analysis is to determine the skeletal and dental relationships that exist in an individual patient. The objectives of the present study were to establish the Wits appraisal for Qatari females and to compare the results with previous reported results in different racial groups. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 34 lateral cephalometric radiographs of Qatari female patients with age range from18 to 25 years old presented with well-balanced face and acceptable profile.  Results: The mean value of the Wits appraisal for Qatari females in the present study was -0.62 ± 3.8. The Wits appraisal mean value of the present study revealed that no statistically significant difference between the Qatari females and the original data of Jacobson.  On the other hand, significant differences were found when compared to other populations from several reports. Conclusion: The Wits appraisal among Qatari females was -0.62 with standard deviation of 3.8. Care should be taken in growing and developing children where variation in dental height exists and may confuse the Wits value. The Wits appraisal could be used as a moderator to ANB angle in boarder line cases. It is recommended to incorporate angular measurements using 3D imaging software which increases diagnostic accuracy for the least amount of existed discrepancy.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Pituitary Gland with Correlation of Age and Gender using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1476-1480
Author(s):  
Sunima Maskey ◽  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
Subindra Karki ◽  
Pragya Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Transverse Dimension ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: The pituitary gland is the master gland of the body. It’s size varies with age and gender. MRI is the safest and effective diagnostic tool for pituitary gland examination. Objectives: This study was aim to determine the anteroposterior, height and transverse dimensions of normal  pituitary gland in different age groups of both sex with MRI. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. It consisted of 567 images of individuals (242 males and 325 females) of various age from 20 to 70 years from the Department of Radio- diagnosis, Dhulikhel Hospital. Results: The mean anteroposterior, height and transverse dimension of pituitary gland is 9.74±1.18 mm, 5.95±1.11 mm and 11.65±2.15 mm respectively in which females have higher value. Independent sample t test showed highly significant differences (p< 0.05) between the mean anteroposterior dimension in males and females. The present study showed the mean value of anteroposterior dimension is maximum at age group 50-59.  The mean value of height, transverse dimension and volume of males and females is maximum at 20-29 age group and minimum at 70-79 age group. One way ANOVA shows that there is significant difference between in height, transverse dimension and volume at different age group (p< 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that the height and volume of pituitary gland is maximum at second decade of life then it gradually decreases with age. The mean value of anteroposterior, height and transverse dimension showed greater value of females than males.

Normal range of clivoaxial angle in adults using flexion and extension cervical magnetic resonance imaging scans

2021 ◽  
pp. 197140092199898
Author(s):  
Anousheh Sayah ◽  
April D Farley ◽  
Eric C Munoz ◽  
Faheem A Sandhu ◽  
Frank Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Prone Position ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Posterior Cortex ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Objective An abnormally decreased clivoaxial angle (CXA) is used during the clinical evaluation for corrective skull base surgery. Published normal ranges of CXA using x-ray, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vary dramatically, especially with neck flexion or extension. The aim of this study was to use high-resolution MRI to determine the normal range of CXA in various neck positions using a reproducible measurement technique. Methods The CXA was measured in 10 healthy volunteers on sagittal T2 SPACE c-spine MRI in supine and prone positions and with the neck both neck and extended. CXA is strictly defined as the angle between a line along the inferior third of the dorsal clival cortex and a line from the superior/posterior cortex of the dens to the posterior/inferior corner of the C2 body. Statistical analysis was performed in all positions and included mean CXA, range, standard deviation ( SD), inter-reader agreement, and group comparisons. Results The mean CXA overall was 156.92° ( SD=4.23°; range 134–179°). The mean value for extension CXA was 169.20° ( SD=5.81°), and the mean value for flexion CXA was 144.73° ( SD=5.71°), the difference being statistically significant ( p<0.0001) regardless of supine or prone position. Concordant correlations of reader measurements showed substantial agreement in the supine position at 0.96, with lower agreement in the prone position at 0.87. Conclusions We report normal ranges for CXA in various neck positions based on 3D T2-weighted MRI, using a reproducible measurement method. There was a significant difference in the CXA values between neck extended and neck flexed positions but not between supine and prone positions.

Detection of Circulating Tissue Factor and Factor VII in a Normal Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (05) ◽  
pp. 772-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sybille Albrecht ◽  
Matthias Kotzsch ◽  
Gabriele Siegert ◽  
Thomas Luther ◽  
Heinz Großmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThe plasma tissue factor (TF) concentration was correlated to factor VII concentration (FVIIag) and factor VII activity (FVIIc) in 498 healthy volunteers ranging in age from 17 to 64 years. Immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were developed for the determination of TF and FVIIag in plasma. The mAbs and the test systems were characterized. The mean value of the TF concentration was 172 ± 135 pg/ml. TF showed no age- and gender-related differences. For the total population, FVIIc, determined by a clotting test, was 110 ± 15% and the factor VIlag was 0.77 ± 0.19 μg/ml. FVII activity was significantly increased with age, whereas the concentration demonstrated no correlation to age in this population. FVII concentration is highly correlated with the activity as measured by clotting assay using rabbit thromboplastin. The ratio between FVIIc and FVIIag was not age-dependent, but demonstrated a significant difference between men and women. Between TF and FVII we could not detect a correlation.

Multi-Center Study of Thromboplastin Calibration Precision – Influence of Reagent Species, Composition, and International Sensitivity Index (ISI)

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 035-040 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryFour thromboplastin reagents were tested by 18 laboratories in Europe, North-America, and Australasia, according to a detailed protocol. One thromboplastin was the International Reference Preparation for ox brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (coded OBT/79), and the second was a certified reference material for rabbit brain thromboplastin, plain (coded CRM 149R). The other two thromboplastin reagents were another rabbit plain brain thromboplastin (RP) with a lower ISI than CRM 149R and a rabbit brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (RC). Calibration of the latter two reagents was performed according to methods recommended by the World Health Organization (W. H. O.).The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions: 1) Is the calibration of the RC reagent more precise against the bovine/combined (OBT/79) than against the rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R)? 2) Is the precision of calibration influenced by the magnitude of the International Sensitivity Index (ISI)?The lowest inter-laboratory variation of ISI was observed in the calibration of the rabbit/plain reagent (RP) against the other rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R) (CV 1.6%). The highest interlaboratory variation was obtained in the calibration of rabbit/plain (RP) against bovine/combined (OBT/79) (CV 5.1%). In the calibration of the rabbit/combined (RC) reagent, there was no difference in precision between OBT/79 (CV 4.3%) and CRM 149R (CV 4.2%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the precision of the ISI of RC obtained with CRM 149R (ISI = 1.343) and the rabbit/plain (RP) reagent with ISI = 1.14. In conclusion, the calibration of RC could be performed with similar precision with either OBT/79 or CRM 149R, or RP.The mean ISI values calculated with OBT/79 and CRM 149R were practically identical, indicating that there is no bias in the ISI of these reference preparations and that these reference preparations have been stable since their original calibration studies in 1979 and 1987, respectively.International Normalized Ratio (INR) equivalents were calculated for a lyophilized control plasma derived from patients treated with oral anticoagulants. There were small but significant differences in the mean INR equivalents between the bovine and rabbit thromboplastins. There were no differences in the interlaboratory variation of the INR equivalents, when the four thromboplastins were compared.

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