scholarly journals Biofilm in dermatology

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kambiam Veettil Vaishnavi ◽  
Lulua Safar ◽  
Keerankulangara Devi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

Biofilms represent densely packed aggregates of microorganisms encased in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance, helping in their attachment to biotic and abiotic surfaces conferring them survival advantage in unfavorable conditions. The stages in biofilm formation are complex, the knowledge of which is important as their role in a diverse range of dermatological diseases is being constantly unraveled. Due to their chronic persistent nature, inability of routine culture techniques to detect them and their resistance to standard antimicrobial therapy, they pose a unique challenge to the treating clinician. Although various novel treatment options are available, they show varying degrees of efficacy and the eradication of biofilm in cutaneous diseases still remains enigmatic. Hence, better understanding of their molecular biology, pathogenesis, and role in various diseases can help in the development of potential therapeutic strategies against biofilms in the future.

scholarly journals In Vitro Lung Models and Their Application to Study SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis and Disease

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Natalie Heinen ◽  
Mara Klöhn ◽  
Eike Steinmann ◽  
Stephanie Pfaender
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Cell Culture Systems ◽  
Drug Efficiency

SARS-CoV-2 has spread across the globe with an astonishing velocity and lethality that has put scientist and pharmaceutical companies worldwide on the spot to develop novel treatment options and reliable vaccination for billions of people. To combat its associated disease COVID-19 and potentially newly emerging coronaviruses, numerous pre-clinical cell culture techniques have progressively been used, which allow the study of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, basic replication mechanisms, and drug efficiency in the most authentic context. Hence, this review was designed to summarize and discuss currently used in vitro and ex vivo cell culture systems and will illustrate how these systems will help us to face the challenges imposed by the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

scholarly journals Revisiting Bap Multidomain Protein: More Than Sticking Bacteria Together

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaione Valle ◽  
Xianyang Fang ◽  
Iñigo Lasa
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The Core ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces ◽  
Range Of Functions

One of the major components of the staphylococcal biofilm is surface proteins that assemble as scaffold components of the biofilm matrix. Among the different surface proteins able to contribute to biofilm formation, this review is dedicated to the Biofilm Associated Protein (Bap). Bap is part of the accessory genome of Staphylococcus aureus but orthologs of Bap in other staphylococcal species belong to the core genome. When present, Bap promotes adhesion to abiotic surfaces and induces strong intercellular adhesion by self-assembling into amyloid like aggregates in response to the levels of calcium and the pH in the environment. During infection, Bap enhances the adhesion to epithelial cells where it binds directly to the host receptor Gp96 and inhibits the entry of the bacteria into the cells. To perform such diverse range of functions, Bap comprises several domains, and some of them include several motifs associated to distinct functions. Based on the knowledge accumulated with the Bap protein of S. aureus, this review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the structure and properties of each domain of Bap and their contribution to Bap functionality.

Metabolic Syndrome is a Risk Factor for Post-Operative Adhesions: Need for Novel Treatment Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Pilpel ◽  
Guy Pines ◽  
Andreas Birkenfeld ◽  
Stefan Bornstein ◽  
Rafael Miller
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Postoperative Adhesions ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

AbstractMetabolic syndrome is a group of disorders which include obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemias, and hypertension. This condition is rapidly increasing in an aging population. The rates of surgery in older patients is also growing and a wide range of operations including minimally invasive procedures is now available for this segment of the population. The number of patients suffering from postoperative adhesions is therefore correspondingly increasing. In addition to preventing and treating the metabolic disease itself, improved therapeutic strategies for the prevention of surgical adhesions have to be developed. Here we review the existing and novel treatment options.

Új lehetőségek a refrakter és relabált Hodgkin-lymphomás betegek kezelésében

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (45) ◽  
pp. 1824-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Árpád Illés ◽  
Ádám Jóna ◽  
Zsófia Simon ◽  
Miklós Udvardy ◽  
Zsófia Miltényi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relapse Free Survival ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma is a curable lymphoma with an 80–90% long-term survival, however, 30% of the patients develop relapse. Only half of relapsed patients can be cured with autologous stem cell transplantation. Aim: The aim of the authors was to analyze survival rates and incidence of relapses among Hodgkin lymphoma patients who were treated between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2014. Novel therapeutic options are also summarized. Method: Retrospective analysis of data was performed. Results: A total of 715 patients were treated (382 men and 333 women; median age at the time of diagnosis was 38 years). During the studied period the frequency of relapsed patients was reduced from 24.87% to 8.04%. The numbers of autologous stem cell transplantations was increased among refracter/relapsed patients, and 75% of the patients underwent transplantation since 2000. The 5-year overall survival improved significantly (between 1980 and 1989 64.4%, between 1990 and 1999 82.4%, between 2000 and 2009 88.4%, and between 2010 and 2014 87.1%). Relapse-free survival did not change significantly. Conclusions: During the study period treatment outcomes improved. For relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients novel treatment options may offer better chance for cure. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(45), 1824–1833.

Antibiotics Application Strategies to Control Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazlurrahman Khan ◽  
Dung T.N. Pham ◽  
Sandra F. Oloketuyi ◽  
Young-Mog Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Quorum Quenching ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Abiotic Surfaces

Background: The establishment of a biofilm by most pathogenic bacteria has been known as one of the resistance mechanisms against antibiotics. A biofilm is a structural component where the bacterial community adheres to the biotic or abiotic surfaces by the help of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) produced by bacterial cells. The biofilm matrix possesses the ability to resist several adverse environmental factors, including the effect of antibiotics. Therefore, the resistance of bacterial biofilm-forming cells could be increased up to 1000 times than the planktonic cells, hence requiring a significantly high concentration of antibiotics for treatment. Methods: Up to the present, several methodologies employing antibiotics as an anti-biofilm, antivirulence or quorum quenching agent have been developed for biofilm inhibition and eradication of a pre-formed mature biofilm. Results: Among the anti-biofilm strategies being tested, the sub-minimal inhibitory concentration of several antibiotics either alone or in combination has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and down-regulate the production of virulence factors. The combinatorial strategies include (1) combination of multiple antibiotics, (2) combination of antibiotics with non-antibiotic agents and (3) loading of antibiotics onto a carrier. Conclusion: The present review paper describes the role of several antibiotics as biofilm inhibitors and also the alternative strategies adopted for applications in eradicating and inhibiting the formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria.

Nano-Neurotherapeutics (NNTs): An Emergent and Multifaceted Tool for CNS Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashish Sharma ◽  
Romila Manchanda ◽  
Faheem Hyder Pottoo ◽  
Ghulam Md. Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Pharmacological Targets

: Impressive research steps have been taken for the treatment of neurological disorders in the last few decades. Still effective treatments of brain related disorders are very less due to problems associated with crossing the blood brain barrier (BBB), non-specific therapies, and delay in functional recovery of central nervous system (CNS) after treatment. Striving for novel treatment options for neurological disorders, nanotechnology-derived materials, and devices have gained the ground due to inherent features of derivatization/encapsulation with drugs as per the neurological ailments and pharmacological targets. Facile developments/syntheses of the nanomaterials-drug conjugates have also been the driving force for researchers to get into this field. Moreover, the tunable size and hydro/lipophilicity of these nanomaterials are the added advantages that make these materials more acceptable for CNS disorders. These nano-neurotherapeutics (NNTs) systems provide the platform for diagnosis, theranostics, treatments, restoration of CNS disorders, and encourage the translation of NNTs from “bench to bedside”. Still, these techniques are in primary stages of medical development. This review describes the latest advancements and future scenarios of developmental and clinical aspects of polymeric NNTs.

scholarly journals Anti-Biofilm Molecules Targeting Functional Amyloids

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Leticia Matilla-Cuenca ◽  
Alejandro Toledo-Arana ◽  
Jaione Valle
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Functional Amyloids ◽  
Biofilm Matrix

The choice of an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of biofilm-related infections is a significant issue. Amyloids, which have been historically related to human diseases, are now considered to be prevailing structural components of the biofilm matrix in a wide range of bacteria. This assumption creates the potential for an exciting research area, in which functional amyloids are considered to be attractive targets for drug development to dissemble biofilm structures. The present review describes the best-characterized bacterial functional amyloids and focuses on anti-biofilm agents that target intrinsic and facultative amyloids. This study provides a better understanding of the different modes of actions of the anti-amyloid molecules to inhibit biofilm formation. This information can be further exploited to improve the therapeutic strategies to combat biofilm-related infections.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document