1384 Effects of Peptein supplementation on ruminal microbiota and feed digestibility in dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 669-669
Author(s):  
A. Arís ◽  
J. Polo ◽  
C. Rodriguez ◽  
A. Bach
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

Weekly excretion of the mammalian lignan enterolactone in milk of dairy cows fed flaxseed meal

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Gagnon ◽  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Hélène V Petit
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Feeding Regimen

Flaxseed meal (FM) is rich in the plant lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) which is converted to the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone (EL) by ruminal microbiota. Feeding FM to dairy cows increases linearly EL concentration in milk but enterodiol is not detected. The objectives of the study were to determine the length of time to obtain peak EL concentration in the milk of dairy cows fed 20% FM and the length of time to return to EL baseline level in milk when cows are switched from high to low intake of flax SDG. A total of 12 multiparous lactating Holstein cows were assigned randomly to one of two feeding regimens: the control (CO) diet was fed for 6 weeks or the FM diet was fed from week 0 to 3 inclusive and then cows were switched to the control diet from week 3 to 6 inclusive. Milk samples were taken weekly for EL analysis. There was a significant interaction between feeding regimen and week for milk concentration of EL as a result of higher concentration of EL from week 1 to 3 for cows on the FM regimen compared with those on the CO regimen. Concentrations of milk EL on the FM regimen maintained uniform high levels from week 1 to 3 and they decreased significantly from week 3 to 4 when the CO diet was reintroduced in week 3. This study suggests that the conversion of SDG to the mammalian lignan EL and the transfer of EL to the mammary gland are well established after one week of feeding 20% FM in the diet of dairy cows and that milk concentration of EL returns to baseline level after one week of FM deprivation.

scholarly journals A Review of Lignan Metabolism, Milk Enterolactone Concentration, and Antioxidant Status of Dairy Cows Fed Flaxseed

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Brito ◽  
Yu Zang
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Health It ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside ◽  
Major Site ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

Lignans are polyphenolic compounds with a wide spectrum of biological functions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinogenic activities, therefore, there is an increasing interest in promoting the inclusion of lignan-rich foods in humans’ diets. Flaxseed is the richest source of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside—a compound found in the outer fibrous-containing layers of flax. The rumen appears to be the major site for the conversion of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside to the enterolignans enterodiol and enterolactone, but only enterolactone has been detected in milk of dairy cows fed flaxseed products (whole seeds, hulls, meal). However, there is limited information regarding the ruminal microbiota species involved in the metabolism of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside. Likewise, little is known about how dietary manipulation such as varying the nonstructural carbohydrate profile of rations affects milk enterolactone in dairy cows. Our review covers the gastrointestinal tract metabolism of lignans in humans and animals and presents an in-depth assessment of research that have investigated the impacts of flaxseed products on milk enterolactone concentration and animal health. It also addresses the pharmacokinetics of enterolactone consumed through milk, which may have implications to ruminants and humans’ health.

scholarly journals Illumina sequencing analysis of the ruminal microbiota in high-yield and low-yield lactating dairy cows

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e0198225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Tong ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Delian Yang ◽  
Yonghong Zhang ◽  
Benhai Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Illumina Sequencing ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

scholarly journals Taxon abundance, diversity, co-occurrence and network analysis of the ruminal microbiota in response to dietary changes in dairy cows

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0180260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilma Tapio ◽  
Daniel Fischer ◽  
Lucia Blasco ◽  
Miika Tapio ◽  
R. John Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

scholarly journals Ruminal metabolism of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) lignans to the mammalian lignan enterolactone and its concentration in ruminal fluid, plasma, urine and milk of dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Gagnon ◽  
Cristiano Côrtes ◽  
Daniele da Silva ◽  
Ricardo Kazama ◽  
Chaouki Benchaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Flax Oil ◽  
Abomasal Infusion ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside is the main flax (Linum usitatissimum) lignan that is converted to the mammalian lignans enterodiol (ED) and enterolactone (EL) by gastrointestinal microbiota. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of ruminal microbiota and the effects of flax oil onin vivometabolism of flax lignans and concentration of EL in biological fluids. Four rumen-cannulated dairy cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. There were four periods of 21 d each and four treatments utilising flax hulls (1800 g/d) and oil (400 g/d) supplements. The treatments were: (1) oil and hulls administered in the rumen and abomasal infusion of water; (2) oil and hulls administered in the abomasum; (3) oil infused in the abomasum and hulls placed in the rumen; (4) oil placed in the rumen and hulls administered in the abomasum. Samples were collected during the last week of each period and subjected to chemical analysis. The site of supplementation of oil and hulls had no effect on ruminal EL concentration. Supplementing flax oil in the rumen and the abomasum led to similar EL concentrations in urine, plasma and milk. Concentrations of EL were higher in the urine, plasma and milk of cows supplemented with hulls in the rumen than in those placed with hulls in the abomasum. The present study demonstrated that ruminal microbiota play an important role in the metabolism of flax lignans.

scholarly journals The Ruminal Microbiome and Metabolome Alterations Associated with Diet-Induced Milk Fat Depression in Dairy Cows

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Zeng ◽  
Changzheng Guo ◽  
Daming Sun ◽  
Hossam-eldin Seddik ◽  
Shengyong Mao
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fat Depression ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Highly Correlated

Milk fat depression (MFD) syndrome represents a significant drawback to the dairy industry. The aim of this study was to unravel the ruminal metabolome-microbiome interaction in response to diet-induced MFD in dairy cows. Twelve healthy second parity Holstein dairy cows (days in milk (DIM) = 119 ± 14) were randomly assigned into control (CON, n = 6) group and treatment (TR, n = 6) group. Cows in TR group received a high-starch total mixed ration (TMR) designed to induce an MFD syndrome. Decreased milk fat yield and concentration in TR cows displayed the successful development of MFD syndrome. TR diet increased the relative abundance of Prevotella and decreased the relative abundance of unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Oribacterium, unclassified Veillonellaceae and Pseudobutyrivibrio in ruminal fluid. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the ruminal fluid content of glucose, amino acids and amines were significantly increased in TR cows compared with CON cows. Correlation analysis revealed that the concentration of amines and amino acids were highly correlated with the abundance of Oribacterium, Pseudobutyrivibrio, RC9_gut_group, unclassified BS11_gut_group and Selenomonas. In general, these findings revealed that TR diet reduced the rumination time and altered rumen fermentation type, which led to changes in the composition of ruminal microbiota and metabolites, and caused MFD.

scholarly journals Antioxidants and dairy production: the example of flax

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (spe) ◽  
pp. 352-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène V. Petit
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Ruminal Microbiota ◽  
Plant Lignans

This manuscript reports on the main problems decreasing productivity of dairy cows (e.g. fatty liver syndrome and poor fertility) and how antioxidants could enhance it. High producing dairy cows are prone to oxidative stress, and the situation can be exacerbated under certain environmental, physiological, and dietary conditions. Antioxidants have important effects on the expression of genes involved in the antioxidant status, which may enhance animal health and reproduction. Moreover, antioxidants may contribute to decrease the incidence of spontaneous oxidized flavour in milk enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Plant lignans are strong antioxidants and flax is the richest source of plant lignans. Flax lignans are converted in the mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol. The main mammalian lignan in milk is enterolactone and flax lignans are converted in enterolactone mainly under the action of ruminal microbiota. Therefore, ruminal microbiota may be the most important flora to target for plant lignan metabolism in order to increase concentration of mammalian lignan antioxidants in milk of dairy cows. However, more research is required to improve our knowledge on metabolism of other antioxidants in dairy cows and how they can contribute in decreasing milk oxidation.

scholarly journals Effects of Rumen-Protected Niacin on Dry Matter Intake, Milk Production, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, and Faecal Bacterial Community in Multiparous Holstein Dairy Cow during the Postpartum Period

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Naren Gaowa ◽  
Xiaoming Zhang ◽  
Huanxu Li ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Feed Digestibility

Extensive studies about rumen-protected niacin (RPN) supplementation on dairy cows in early-lactation have been done, but the effects of RPN on changes in dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, feed digestibility, and fecal bacterial community were conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate them affected by RPN in postpartum cows. Multiparous Holstein dairy cows (n = 12, parity = 3.5 ± 0.5, body weights = 740 ± 28 kg) were divided into two groups supplemented with either 0 (CON) or 20 g/d RPN (RPN). Our results showed that RPN supplementation increased DMI and milk production of cows during the first three weeks after calving (p < 0.05). The concentrations of neuropeptide Y and orexin A were significantly higher in RPN group than that in the CON group during postpartum period (p < 0.05). The apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients was similar between the CON and RPN groups at 2 weeks after calving (p > 0.05). The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that RPN had no impact on the alpha and beta diversity, although 4 genera were changed in cow feces at 14 days after calving. Overall, 20 g/d RPN added to the diet could improve DMI and milk yield up to two weeks after calving with little influence on feed digestibility.

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