1602 Effects of rumen-protected lysine and methionine on milk yield and milk composition in lactating Holstein cows fed two different levels of crude protein

The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition, voluntary intake, and digestibility of the diet of Holstein cows, as well as milk yield and milk composition as a function of different roughage sources used under experimental feeding conditions in Brazil, through meta-analysis. The database of this study consisted of 109 experiments with 424 treatments of 3,903 lactating Holstein cows. The data were obtained from studies published between January 2000 and December 2015, and were evaluated by variance analysis. Lactating dairy cow diets with a single source of roughage other than corn silage resulted in lower voluntary intake, milk yield, and differences in milk composition, compared to diets based on corn silage or the combination of two roughages, probably due to reduced nutrient digestibility. Diets based on corn silage are distinguished by feed efficiency, milk yield, and composition. Diets based on the combination of two roughage sources are similar with respect to milk yield and composition, compared to diets based on corn silage; whereas, diets with a single source of roughage (other than corn silage), even when containing a higher proportion of concentrate, led to reduced voluntary intake, milk yield, and food efficiency due to the lower utilization of the nutrients. Diets based on corn silage in general allow a higher proportion of roughage in the diet due to energy density.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Early Postpartum oral Drench Solution on Blood Β-Hydroxybutyrate Concentration, Milk Yield, and Milk Composition in Holstein Cows

Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.19080/jdvs.2017.01.555554 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Felipe C Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Early Postpartum

Download Full-text

A two-step feeding of calcium salts of fish oil improves reproductive performance in Holstein cows

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2021193-17364 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. e0607

Author(s):

Mojtaba Hadadi ◽

Ali A. Alamouti ◽

AliReza Alizadeh ◽

Abdollah Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Feeding Program

Aim of study: To examine the effects of a biphasic schedule of feeding n-3 fatty acids on dairy cows.Area of the study: Isfahan, Iran.Materials and methods: 140 lactating Holstein cows were allotted at calving into two groups of 70 animals and received one of two dietary treatments: 1) saturated fatty acids (SFA, containing 80% palmitic acid) or 2) calcium salt of fish oil (CSFO, containing 16% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), with an n-6/n-3 FA ratio of approximately 7 for SFA and 5 for CSFO treatments. The dietary supplements were fed to the respective groups at 240 g/head.day from 0 to 21 days in milk, and 120 g/head.day from 22 to 150 days in milk. Milk yield was recorded biweekly and milk composition was evaluated monthly. The concentration of FA in the milk and blood was determined on d-90 of the experiment in 10 cows randomly selected from each group. Reproductive indices were recorded until d-150.Main results: The CSFO supplementation did not affect average milk yield, milk composition or milk somatic cell count (SCC); however, in some weeks it increased milk production and decreased milk SCC (p<0.05). Plasma concentrations of palmitic acid and n-3 FA as well as milk fat concentration of EPA and DHA increased in the CSFO-fed cows (p<0.05). Feeding the CSFO decreased open days (100 vs 119 days, p<0.05), service per conception and all service conception rates (p<0.05).Research highlights: The implementation of a two-stage feeding program of n-3 FA improved reproductive variables and reduced milk SCC in dairy cows.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Level of Available Carbohydrate, Offered as a Supplement to a Forage Based Diet, on Intake, Milk Yield and Milk Composition.

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600025058 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1993 ◽

pp. 183-183

Author(s):

Rosemary Mansbridge

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Energy Output ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Rumen Microorganisms ◽

Available Energy ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Micro Organisms

It has been reported (Castlejon and Leaver 1990, Hill and Leaver 1991) that when offered as the sole forage intakes of urea treated whole crop cereals (UWCC) were high. However energy output in milk and liveweight change was less than expected from calculations of energy intake.The level of crude protein (CP) in UWCC is high, typically in the range 200-300 g CP/kg DM. It has been suggested that a non-synchronous supply of available energy and rapidly available nitrogen to the rumen microorganisms was responsible for the low efficiency of utilization reported.The work described here was carried out to determine whether the utilization of diets containing UWCC could be improved by increasing the supply of readily available carbohydrates to the rumen micro-organisms.

Download Full-text

PSIV-4 Characterization of heat stress condition on productive performance and physiological indicators, milk composition, gene expression, and metabolomics in blood and milk of early lactating Holstein cows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 299-299

Author(s):

JangHoon Jo ◽

Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽

WonSeob Kim ◽

Hyeran Kim ◽

SnagHo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Water Intake ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Physiological Indicators ◽

Normal Heart Rate ◽

Humidity Index ◽

C 50

Abstract We aimed to characterize heat stress (HS) effects in early lactating Holstein cows using measures of productive performance, physiological and genetic indicators, blood and milk parameters, and metabolomics in blood and milk. Eight cows (milk yield = 29.27 ± 0.38 kg/d, days in milk = 40 ± 8 d) were equally housed in environmentally controlled chambers by providing temperature-humidity index (THI) at two levels of 70~71 (25°C, 35~50% humidity, threshold) and 86~87 (31°C, 80~95% humidity, severe). For each treatment, the environment inside the chamber was adjusted for 7 days of adaptation at 67~68 THI (22°C, 50~60% humidity, normal) level. After the adjustment period, cows were subjected to HS for 7 days. Feed and water intake and milk yield were measured daily, and blood was collected and physiological indicators were monitored on the 7th and 14th days. Data were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS. Feed intake and milk yield were lower (P< 0.05) and water intake was higher (P < 0.05) in the severe than the threshold and normal. Lactose tended to be lower (P = 0.082) in the severe than the threshold and normal. Heart rate, rectal and skin temperature were higher (P < 0.05) in the severe than the threshold and normal. Blood HSP90 and HSPB1 were higher (P < 0.05) in the severe than threshold and normal. Alanine, proline, glutamic acid, tryptophan, lactic acid, and citric acid in milk and blood were lower (P < 0.05) in the severe than threshold and normal. In conclusion, early lactating Holstein cows are characterized to receive higher HS by showing the changes in historical measures of productive performance, physiological and genetic indicators, and blood and milk parameters under severe HS condition whereas the new approach of metabolomics in blood and milk are recognized as sensitive and reliable indicators of severe HS.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF LEVEL OF ALFALFA PELLETS ON INTAKE OF EARLY AND LATE HARVESTED TIMOTHY SILAGES OF DIFFERENT DRY MATTER CONTENT BY DAIRY COWS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas81-076 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 633-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. L. BURGESS ◽

J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽

E. A. GRANT

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Matter Content ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Timothy Grass ◽

Ad Libitum

Two experiments were carried out, using 36 lactating Holstein cows, to determine the effect of three levels (0, 4.5 and 9.0 kg/day) of alfalfa pellets (AP) on the ad libitum consumption of early and late harvested timothy grass silages of different dry matter (DM) content. Cows consumed significantly more wilted than nonwilted silage DM for both the early and late harvested grass, although milk yields were similar for both groups. For the early harvested, wilted and nonwilted silages, feeding AP did not significantly depress silage DM intake until a level of 9.0 kg/day was reached. Total ration DM intake increased significantly with each increment of AP. With the late harvested silages, AP at the 9.0 kg/day level reduced nonwilted silage DM intake while with the wilted silage each increase of AP significantly lowered silage DM intake. Both the 4.5 and 9.0 kg/day of AP increased total DM consumption with the nonwilted silage but 9.0 kg/day of AP was required to significantly increase total DM intake for cows fed the late harvested, wilted silage. Milk yield and milk composition were not changed by the level of AP supplementation or the type of silage fed.

Download Full-text

Some Effects of Cow Nutrition on Milk Composition

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00003566 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 109-109

Author(s):

D. J. Roberts ◽

H. R. Ferns

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Fat Content ◽

Grazing Season ◽

Flat Rate ◽

Feeding Trials

The milk composition responses in five feeding trials were as follows.1. A study of silage quality showed that the fat content was lower (39.9 v. 43.1 g/kg, s.e. of difference 1.00) and the protein content was higher (35.0 v. 33.7 g/kg, s.e. of difference 0.48) with silage cut three times per season compared with silage cut twice per season.2. Silage offered as a buffer food overnight in the early part of the grazing season reduced milk yield (18.9 v. 19.9 kg/day, s.e. of difference 0.26) and increased fat content (39.4 v. 35.6 g/kg, s.e. of difference 0.50) when compared with grazing only. Silage offered in the late grazing season did not affect milk yield but increased fat content(44.1 v. 41.3 g/kg, s.e. of difference 0.94). There was no significant effect on protein content.3. A concentrate containing 18 g crude protein/kg was offered at rates of 0.30, 0.375 and 0.45 kg/kg milk plus silage ad libitum. The fat contents were 38.0, 38.6 and 36.1 g/kg and the protein contents 30.3, 31.2 and 32.1 g/kg, respectively.4. In two experiments comparing flat-rate concentrate feeding with feeding according to yield, no significant differences were found in milk yield, fat and protein contents.5. In a study of body condition at calving, cows calving at score 2 had milk fat contents similar to cows calving at score 3 but there were differences in the fatty acid composition of the milks. The cows calving at score 2 produced milk with a higher protein content than those at score 3 (32.8 v. 30.7 g/kg, s.e. of difference 0.85).

Download Full-text