1705 The response to artificial infection with Haemonchus contortus and growth performance of sheep and goat progeny of selected parents in a central performance test

Internal parasitism has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in small ruminants in many areas such as the southcentral USA. Among the different approaches and management practices to cope with internal parasitism, genetic selection for internal parasite resistance is recognized as one with considerable potential long-term impact. A central performance test with artificial infection of Haemonchus contortus for selection of growing meat goats and hair sheep for breeding to increase resistance to internal parasitism and on-farm selection of females was conducted for 3 years. The results varied considerably among breeds of goats and flocks of sheep. Spanish goats and St. Croix sheep maintained relatively low fecal egg count (FEC) each year, whereas for goats categorized as being of high resistance and Dorper sheep FEC decreased with advancing year. Packed call volume (PCV) and total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were not strongly related to FEC. Genetic parameters varied between the two species, which might be related to previous selection pressure exerted for parasite resistance. Heritability of FEC was higher in goats than sheep. The genetic correlation between FEC and IgM and IgG was negative for both species, which suggests possible genetic association. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between ADG and FEC were nonsignificant for both species. In conclusion, different relationships of FEC and PCV between species require careful attention during selection and the lack of relationship between ADG and FEC suggests that selection of growing male meat goats and hair sheep for resistance to internal parasitism will not adversely affect growth performance.

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Comparative Evaluation of Natural Resistance of Dera Din Panah and Nachi Goat Breeds Towards Artificial Infection with Haemonchus contortus

Pakistan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.29261/pakvetj/2018.110 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (04) ◽

pp. 389-393

Author(s):

Muhammad Imran

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Natural Resistance ◽

Artificial Infection

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Potential use of green algae Caulerpa lentillifera as feed ingredient in the diet of nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.16.2.195-203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Nadisa Theresia Putri ◽

Dedi Jusadi ◽

Mia Setiawati ◽

Mas Tri Djoko Sunarno

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Oreochromis Niloticus ◽

Nile Tilapia ◽

Performance Test ◽

Feed Utilization ◽

Raw Material ◽

Fish Diet ◽

Feed Ingredient ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Caulerpa Lentillifera

ABSTRACT The high composition of import raw material of fish diet in Indonesia causes feed price expensively and should be replaced using local materials such as green macro algae. It is, therefore, this study aimed to evaluate effect of diet containing the Caulerpa lentillifera, as feed ingredient in the diet of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. This study consisted of two experiments which were C. lentillifera digestibility test for raw material feed for tilapia and growth performance test of tilapia. C. lentillifera digestibility test was done by using Cr2O3 as indicators and analysis of faecal tilapia. The second experiment is growth performance test using a completely randomised design with four diets were formulated at variuos rates of C. lentillifera meal of 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30%. A number of 240 tilapia fingerlings of 3.41±0.10 g in mean weight were randomly stocked in 12 aquaria and fed on diet test for growth performanced of rearing period. C. lentillifera digestiility test result showed a good value as a raw material feed tilapia, the digestibility of C. lentiliifera and protein digestibility amounted to 68.81% and 86.31%. Growth performance parameters showed the use of 10% and 20% is not significantly different from the control (P>0.05), to the final body weight, protein efficiency ratio, protein retention, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency. But, the diet test at 30% performed the lowest growth performance and feed utilization as well of tilapia fingerlings. This study, therefore, concludes that C. lentillifera meal could be used up to 20% in the tilapia diet. Keywords: Caulerpa lentillifera, Nile tilapia, feed utilization, growth performance ABSTRAK Tingginya jumlah bahan baku impor dalam pakan ikan di Indonesia menyebabkan harga pakan yang tinggi dan harus diganti menggunakan bahan alternatif lokal seperti makro alga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengunaan dari pakan yang mengandung Caulerpa lentillifera sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas uji kecernaan C. lentillifera sebagai bahan baku dan uji kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila. Metode uji kecernaan menggunakan Cr2O3 sebagai indikator pakan dan analisis feses ikan nila. Tahap penelitian kedua adalah kinerja pertumbuhan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan pakan diformulasikan dengan inklusi 0 (kontrol), 10, 20, dan 30% tepung C. lentillifera. Ikan nila sebanyak 240 ekor, dengan berat rata-rata 3,41±0,1g dibagi kedalam 12 akuarium dan diberi pakan perlakuan untuk melihat kinerja pertumbuhan. Hasil uji kecernaan C. lentillifera menunjukkan nilai yang baik sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan nila, yaitu kecernaan bahan sebesar 68,81% dan kecernaan protein sebesar 86,31%. Parameter kinerja pertumbuhan menunjukkan perlakuan penambahan 10% dan 20% tepung C. lentillifera tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) dengan kontrol, yang terdiri atas: bobot tubuh akhir, pertumbuhan mutlak, protein efisiensi rasio, retensi protein, laju pertumbuhan spesifik dan efisiensi pakan. Namun, pakan perlakuan 30% menghasilkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan yang lebih rendah pada ikan nila. Penelitian ini memberikan hasil, penggunaan tepung C. lentillifera dapat digunakan sampai 20% dalam pakan ikan nila. Kata kunci: Caulerpa lentillifera, nila, pemanfaatan pakan, kinerja pertumbuhan

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PSXIV-18 Genetic improvement for resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in growing meat goats and hair sheep through a centralized performance test in the southcentral USA

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 493-493

Author(s):

Arthur L Goetsch ◽

Yoko Tsukahara ◽

Terry A Gipson ◽

Steven P Hart ◽

Lionel J Dawson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Test ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Hair Sheep ◽

Fecal Egg Count ◽

Meat Goats ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

On Farm ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Progress from selecting meat goats and hair sheep from different farms in the southcentral United States for resistance to internal parasitism during three consecutive central performance tests was evaluated. Tests entailed 7–10 wk of data collection after artificial infection of growing males with Haemonchus contortus larvae. There were 44, 50, and 50 Boer, Kiko, and Spanish goats and 54, 55, 34, and 47 Dorper, Katahdin-farm-A, Katahdin-farm-B, and St. Croix sheep, respectively. In year 1, males were randomly selected and in years 2 and 3 were progeny of sires and females classified as highly and moderately resistant. Criteria for males was average daily gain and residual feed intake during the performance test and means of fecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume after artificial infection and for females was FEC and FAMACHA on-farm. There were interactions in FEC of breed×year (P < 0.001) for both species (1,046; 1,134; and 2,630 for Boer; 3,781; 1,239; and 1,216 for Kiko; 1,303; 1,357; and 1,464 for Spanish; 3,288; 1,956; and 1,315 for Dorper; 1,528; 1,759; and 2,241 for Katahdin-A, 2,414; 3,874; and 1,793 for Katahdin-B; and 1,371; 1,160; and 1,175 eggs/g for St. Croix in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and year×resistance group (RG; P = 0.005) for goats (1,359; 610, and 552 for high; 1,951; 1,268; and 1,440 for moderate; 2,821; 1,852; and 3,118 eggs/g for low RG in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively) but not for sheep (P = 0.639). In conclusion, resistance appeared greatest for Spanish and St. Croix within species and was increased by selection of Kiko and Dorper. For highly resistant goats, lower FEC in year 2 and 3 vs. 1, compared with no year differences for moderate and low RG, indicates selection progress, and the lack of similar differences for sheep may reflect their relatively greater resistance.

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Innate Immune Responses Associated with Resistance against Haemonchus contortus in Morada Nova Sheep

Journal of Immunology Research ◽

10.1155/2019/3562672 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

João Henrique Barbosa Toscano ◽

Cintia Hiromi Okino ◽

Isabella Barbosa dos Santos ◽

Luciana Aparecida Giraldelo ◽

Marei Borsch von Haehling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Proinflammatory Response ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Blood Samples ◽

The Third ◽

Pyloric Mucosa

The immune response against Haemonchus contortus infections is primarily associated with the Th2 profile. However, the exact mechanisms associated with increased sheep resistance against this parasite remains poorly elucidated. The present study is aimed at evaluating mediators from the innate immune response in lambs of the Morada Nova Brazilian breed with contrasting H. contortus resistance phenotypes. Briefly, 287 lambs were characterized through fecal egg counts (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV) after two independent experimental parasitic challenges with 4,000 H. contortus L3. 20 extreme resistance phenotypes (10 most resistant and 10 most susceptible) were selected, subjected to a third artificial infection with 4,000 L3, and euthanized 7 days later. Tissue samples were collected from abomasal fundic and pyloric mucosa and abomasal lymph nodes. Blood samples were collected at days 0 and 7 of the third parasitic challenge. RNA was extracted from tissue and blood samples for relative quantification of innate immune-related genes by RT-qPCR. For the abomasal fundic mucosa, increased TNFα and IL1β expression levels (P<0.05) were found in the susceptible animals, while resistant animals had IL33 superiorly expressed (P<0.05). Higher levels (P<0.05) of TLR2 and CFI were found in the abomasal pyloric mucosa of resistant animals. TNFα was at higher levels (P<0.05) in the blood of susceptible lambs, at day 0 of the third artificial infection. The exacerbated proinflammatory response observed in susceptible animals, at both local and systemic levels, may be a consequence of high H. contortus parasitism. This hypothesis is corroborated by the higher blood levels of TNFα before the onset of infection, which probably remained elevated from the previous parasitic challenges. On the other hand, resistant lambs had an enhanced response mediated by TLR recognition and complement activation. Nevertheless, this is the first study to directly associate sheep parasitic resistance with IL33, an innate trigger of the Th2-polarized response.

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TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT OF SALERS BULLS TO ONE YEAR OF AGE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas88-106 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 961-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. H. COULTER ◽

D. R. C. BAILEY

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Statistical Model ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Key Words ◽

Performance Test ◽

Testicular Development ◽

Scrotal Circumference ◽

One Year

Scrotal circumference measurements were taken on 255 Salers bulls located at five growth performance test stations at the 56-d (26.9 ± 0.2 cm), 84-d (28.8 ± 0.2 cm) and 140-d weighings (30.8 ± 0.2 cm) in 1986, and on 248 Salers bulls located at four test stations at the 140-d weighing (31.3 ± 0.1 cm) in 1987. The estimated scrotal circumference measurement for Salers bulls at 365 d of age was 29.4 cm. Test station, percentage of Salers breeding within test station, sire of bull within year and test station, and the covariate body weight all contributed to the variance in scrotal circumference measurements. Incorporation of sire of bull within year and test station into the statistical model accounted for a much higher proportion of the variance in scrotal circumference measurements (r2 = 65%) than when percentage of Salers breeding within test station was substituted (r2 = 32%). Key words: Testicular development, scrotal circumference, Salers bulls, recommendations

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PERTUMBUHAN IKAN UCENG (Nemacheilus fasciatus) DENGAN PADAT TEBAR BERBEDA DALAM LINGKUNGAN EX SITU

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.11.4.2016.355-362 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 355

Author(s):

Vitas Atmadi Prakoso ◽

Muhamad Hunaina Fariduddin Ath-thar ◽

Jojo Subagja ◽

Anang Hari Kristanto

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Performance Test ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Economic Potential ◽

Wild Stock ◽

Central Java ◽

Feed Pellet

Ikan uceng (Nemacheilus fasciatus) tergolong ke dalam famili Balitoridae dan genus Nemacheilus. Ikan uceng memiliki potensi ekonomi yang cukup tinggi. Namun, ketersediaan ikan ini masih mengandalkan penangkapan di alam. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk memperoleh informasi tentang kemampuan beradaptasi dan keragaan pertumbuhannya sebagai kegiatan awal domestikasi. Koleksi ikan uceng ditangkap dari Sungai Progo, Temanggung, Jawa Tengah dengan ukuran panjang total 4,39 ± 0,35 cm dan bobot 0,66 ± 0,13 g. Ikan diangkut menggunakan sistem transportasi tertutup selama 12 jam menuju Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPPBAT), Bogor. Ikan dipelihara dan diadaptasikan di akuarium untuk mengetahui pengaruh transportasi terhadap sintasan pasca-transportasi. Selain itu, ikan uceng juga diadaptasikan dengan pemberian pakan alami berupa cacing sampai ikan tersebut dapat beradaptasi dengan pemberian pakan buatan (pellet). Uji keragaan pertumbuhan ikan uceng dilakukan dalam akuarium berukuran 40 cm x 25 cm x 25 cm dengan tiga perlakuan kepadatan, yaitu 1; 1,5; dan 2 ekor/L dengan tiga ulangan pada masing-masing perlakuan. Pakan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pelet terapung dengan kandungan protein 30% sebanyak 5% dari biomassa dengan frekuensi dua kali sehari. Pengambilan data pertumbuhan dilakukan setiap 10 hari sekali selama 80 hari masa pemeliharaan. Kualitas air yang diamati meliputi: suhu air, pH, oksigen terlarut, nitrat, nitrit, CO2, dan TAN. Parameter yang diukur meliputi: pertambahan panjang, bobot, laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR), biomassa, dan sintasan (SR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padat tebar optimal untuk pertumbuhan ikan uceng adalah 1,5 ekor/L. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa ikan uceng sangat mungkin didomestikasi dan selanjutnya dilakukan perbaikan mutu genetiknya.Barred loach (Nemacheillus fasciatus) from Family of Balitoridae and Genus Nemacheilus has considerable economic potential for aquaculture. However, the availability of fish is still relying on the wild stock. Further studies are required to obtain information regarding growth performance and adaptation for domestication purposes. The fish were collected from Progo River, Temanggung, Central Java withtotal lengthof4.39 ± 0.35 cm and body weightof0.66 ± 0.13 g. The fishwere transported using closed system for 12 hours to Institute for Fisheries Aquaculture Research and Development, Bogor. The fishwere kept in aquariums and adapted to determine the effect of transportation on its survival. The fish werefedby using worms untilfish able to eatcommercial feed (pellet). Growth performance test was conductedon 40 cm x 25 cm x 25 cm aquariums with three different stocking densities(1, 1.5, and 2 ind/L) with 3 replicates for each treatment. The fish were fed with floating pellet containing 30% protein at an application ratio of5% of biomass per day and fed were given twice. Data were collected every 10 days during the 80 days rearing period. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite,CO2, and TAN were observed during the experiment. The parameters measured dincluded body length andbody weight; and based upon these data their specific growth rate (SGR), biomass gain, and survival rate (SR) were calculated. The results showed that the optimal stocking density for the growth of barred loach was 1.5 ind/L. The results also suggested that Barred loach could be domesticated and further research is necessary for genetic improvement

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Catalan independence would unsettle financial markets

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db225003 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Financial Markets ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Performance Test ◽

Transition Period ◽

Final Outcome ◽

Large Firms ◽

Content Type ◽

Strong Growth ◽

Coalition Governments ◽

Market Impacts

Significance The turmoil triggered by the unauthorised Catalan independence referendum on October 1 will weigh on Spain’s recent strong growth performance, test the coalition governments of Mariano Rajoy in Madrid and Puigdemont in Catalonia, create instability in Spanish financial markets and possibly spill over into the rest of Europe. Impacts Catalan banks could see an outflow of funds if anti-Catalan feeling grows in the rest of Spain and on concern over the security of deposits. Catalan companies might see declining sales across the rest of Spain, though many large firms are cushioned by overseas revenues. Unless tensions escalate, market impacts will be limited and restricted to Spain. If Catalonia were to proceed to break away from Spain, there would have to be a transition period, with the final outcome uncertain.

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Artificial Haemonchus contortus infection as a strategy to induce protective immune response to natural infection in Pelibuey lambs

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x20000656 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 94 ◽

Author(s):

A. Cruz-Tamayo ◽

R. González-Garduño ◽

G. Torres-Hernández ◽

C. Becerril-Pérez ◽

O. Hernández-Mendo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Faecal Egg Count ◽

Two Phases

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction in nematode faecal egg count (FEC) in Pelibuey lambs segregated as resistant (RES), susceptible (SUS) and intermediate (INT) to gastrointestinal nematodes. Twenty-nine weaned Pelibuey lambs, aged five months old, free of nematode infection, were used. Nine lambs were RES, six were SUS and 14 were INT lambs. The study consisted of two phases: in Phase 1 the lambs were infected experimentally with Haemonchus contortus. In Phase 2, the lambs were naturally infected by grazing. Faecal and blood samples were taken every week. The packed cell volume and total protein were quantified. The FEC value (FECmax) per lamb was recorded together with a natural reduction in FEC in the two phases. The data were analysed with a model of measures repeated over time. During Phase 1, the RES lambs showed the lowest FEC (1061 ± 1053) compared to the other groups (INT: 2385 ± 1794 eggs per gram of faeces (EPG); and SUS: 3958 ± 3037 EPG). However, in Phase 2 no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between the groups of lambs (RES: 275 ± 498 EPG; SUS: 504 ± 1036 EPG; and INT: 603 ± 1061 EPG). At the end of Phase 1, the FEC of RES lambs was naturally reduced by 75.5% in respect to FECmax (p < 0.05), and at the end of Phase 2 the reduction in FEC was 90% in respect to FECmax (p > 0.05); the same behaviour was observed in RES and SUS lambs. It is concluded that the artificial infection in the lambs induced a more rapid immune response in RES than SUS lambs, and all lambs developed high acquired resistance by continuous infection.

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