Activity of Libraries and Village Reading Rooms in Mari Village during the Great Patriotic War

2010 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Anna V. Ribalka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Youth ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
Great Patriotic War

The article analyzes the activities of libraries and village reading-rooms in the Mari village during the Great Patriotic War. It describes the changes in libraries’ work at the beginning of the war, forms and methods of cultural and educational work. Special attention is paid to lectures, talks, newspapers and news briefs of the Soviet Information Bureau, conferences, literary evenings, collective radio programmers hearings, stands with central and local newspapers and help to the front. The article also considers the work with the rural youth and the organization of mobile libraries.

scholarly journals PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF S.AMANZOLOV OV DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Oskembay ◽  
◽  
F.K. Kabdrakhmanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
The Military

The article provides an assessment of the patriotic education of S. Amanzholov's soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. A comprehensive analysis of S. Amanzholov's activities as a political leader is presented. The article provides new data on the use of heroic deeds of Kazakh batyrs by scientists to raise the military spirit of soldiers. During the Great Patriotic War, patriotism became the most important value in Soviet society. Selfless devotion to their Motherland manifested itself among millions of Soviet citizens and became a source of unprecedented mass heroism. From February 1942 to June 1946 S. Amanzholov was on active military service in the ranks of the Soviet Army. He conducted political and educational work among soldiers of non-Russian nationality, published in the Kazakh language the "Notebook of the Red Army Agitator" and leaflets about the heroes of the Soviet Union.

scholarly journals THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: COMMEMORATIVE PRACTICES AND IMAGES IN NEWSPAPER PERIODICALS (1946–1965)

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Marina A. Klinova ◽  
◽  
Andrey V. Trofimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
The Press ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Post War

The contours of the image of the Great Patriotic War and the Victory formed in the post-war 20th century laid the content of the “matrix” of Russian historical memory. The strengthening trend of national and state-oriented policy of historical memory actualizes addressing the genesis of this image and commemorative (traditions, rituals, symbols). In the USSR, the tool for creating and promoting technologies of commemorative practices, preserving and transmitting the memory of the Great Patriotic War to society was newspapers highly demanded by the Soviet population. The article analyzes the materials published in 1946–1965 in central, regional, and local newspapers (“Pravda”, “Ural’skii rabochii”, “Sovetskaya Sibir′” and “Magnitogorskii Metall”). The use of content and discourse analysis methods made it possible to identify the dynamics in the presentation of the Victory image on the pages of the press: from a chaotic festive extravaganza to a “cultural” recreation of citizens and ritualized practices (laying wreaths, holding concerts, exhibitions). The paper also captures the changes caused by a change in the political situation, a decrease in the intensity of the company, aimed at the labor mobilization of the Soviet society. The 1946–1965 newspapers of various levels reveal the specifics in the coverage of the Victory theme: the central newspapers published more theoretical materials on this topic, while the regional and factory newspapers more often covered practices dedicated to this date (labor, holiday).

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BELARUSIAN PSYCHOLOGY IN 1920-1950 y.: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PRECONDITIONS. PART 1. PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COMBAT ACTIVITY IN PARTISAN DETACHMENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-36
Author(s):  
С.Л. Кандыбович ◽  
Т.В. Разина
Keyword(s):  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Combat Activity ◽  
Psychological Features

Продолжено рассмотрение ситуации, сложившейся в белорусской психологии в период Великой Отечественной войны, и роль этого этапа истории в ее дальнейшем развитии. Представлен малоизученный факт использования житейских психологических знаний в организации и ведении партизанской войны. Показано, что специфика партизанской войны с необходимостью требовала от бойцов и командиров применения психологических знаний и умений. При этом, несмотря на отсутствие документов, официально подтверждающих наличие лиц со специальной психологической подготовкой в боевых партизанских соединениях, данные задачи выполнялись достаточно эффективно. К числу подобного рода задач и специфики партизанской борьбы относятся: психологические аспекты организации и координации деятельности партизанских отрядов, особенности командования в них, необходимость учета этнонациональных особенностей как противника, так и членов партизанских отрядов, особенности взаимодействия и коммуникации между гражданскими и военными лицами внутри партизанских отрядов, психологическая подготовка бойцов (наряду с профессиональными навыками) партизанских отрядов (воспитание мужества, стойкости, готовности и т.д.). Также значительное место в боевых действиях партизан занимало осуществление психологической войны в тылу врага и параллельное проведение идеологической и воспитательной работы среди населения оккупированных территорий при необходимости эффективного функционирования в длительной экстремальной ситуации и в ситуации неопределенности, развитие устойчивости к ней. Важной задачей являлся психологический отбор, в первую очередь связанный с необходимостью определения потенциальных предателей и оценки возможностей использования помощи местного населения и др. Таким образом, в истории белорусской психологии в период Великой Отечественной войны сложилась уникальная ситуация широкого использования житейских психологических знаний и их спонтанный переход на уровень прикладных. Тем не менее, прямого развития этой отрасли психологической науки после Великой Отечественной войны в белорусской психологии не произошло. The article continues to consider the situation in Belarusian psychology during the Great Patriotic War and the role of this stage in further development. The little-studied aspect is presented - the use of everyday psychological knowledge in the organization and conduct of guerrilla warfare. It is shown that the specifics of guerrilla warfare necessarily required fighters and commanders to apply psychological knowledge and skills. At the same time, despite the lack of documents officially confirming the presence of persons with special psychological training in combat guerrilla units, these tasks were performed quite effectively. Such tasks and specifics of guerrilla struggle include: psychological aspects of organization and coordination of guerrilla units, features of command in them, the need to take into account ethno-national characteristics of both the enemy and members of guerrilla units, features of interaction, communication within guerrilla units of civilians and military personnel; psychological training of fighters (along with professional skills) of guerrilla units (education of courage, perseverance, readiness, etc.). Also, a significant place in the guerrilla operations was occupied by the implementation of psychological warfare in the enemy's rear, parallel ideological and educational work among the population of the occupied territories, the need to function effectively in prolonged extreme situations and situations of uncertainty, development of resistance to it. An important task was psychological selection, primarily related to the need to identify potential traitors and the possibility of using the help of local people, etc. Thus, in the history of Belarusian psychology during the Great Patriotic War there was a unique situation of widespread use of psychological knowledge and their spontaneous transition to applied. Nevertheless, there was no direct development of this branch of psychological science in the Belarusian psychology after the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals Educational activities of the Russian museum in the 1940s (blockade and evacuation)

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
O. A. Tuminskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western World ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Provincial Society ◽  
Historical Truth

The article discusses the methods of scientific and artistic propaganda (Museum and local history tour, lesson at the exhibition, lecture, conversation with slides). Museum employees at places of temporary storage of monuments carried out educational work among the population. Working with the audience in the Museum serves as a support for the positive state of mind of people in the conditions of intense wartime. Meeting with evacuees collections of art monuments allowed residents of Perm, Gorky, Solikamsk and other regional centers in 1941–1945 to expand their horizons, aesthetically evaluate the famous masterpieces of Russian art, which had a beneficial effect on the entire cultural climate of the provincial society. During the great Patriotic war, the main part of the art collections of the State Russian Museum was evacuated to Molotov (Perm). Paintings, sculptures, works of iconography are placed in the Perm Museum of local lore, in the Trinity Cathedral of Solikamsk. Conducting excursions and consultations at temporary exhibitions, conversations with slides are methods of scientific and educational work. This work was important and necessary for the residents of Perm. The meeting with art organized for visitors of the Museum in Perm by the staff of the Russian Museum provided great spiritual support during the great Patriotic war, which can be regarded as an unprecedented case of aesthetic education of the younger generation and spiritual support of the residents of Perm in wartime conditions. The relevance of the material presented in the article is undeniable. In the last years of the twenty-fi rst century, there have been increasing calls for a review of the role of the Soviet Army in the great Patriotic war (1941–1945). It is necessary to take responsibility for historical truth. The importance of the Victory, which brought liberation from Hitlerism not only to our Homeland, but also to the Western world, is great, and the merits are invaluable. It is necessary to preserve the truth for future generations of residents of the former Soviet space, as well as citizens of other countries. Special importance in the preservation of memory belongs to documentary sources, which include archive materials. Along with them, works of art created during the war or in the first post-war years play an invaluable role in restoring the truth.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effectiveness of competitive educational activities: analysis of the experience of using the methodology of structural equations modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-460
Author(s):  
Olga A. Chikova ◽  
◽  
Ilya S. Shakhnovich ◽  
Ivan A. Popp ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Civic Identity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Patriotic Education

Introduction. The problem and the objective of scientific and methodological research of the issues of civil-patriotic education of young people are determined by the insufficiency of the used descriptive assessments of the results of educational work and the need to determine the possibilities of quantitative approaches in measuring the effectiveness of the educational process. Materials and methods. The SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) was used to study the data obtained as a result of the content analysis of essays submitted to the competition "The feat of a teacher during the Great Patriotic War", dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War and 90th anniversary of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution "Ural State Pedagogical University". These essays were understood as a narrative, i.e., a literary text combining a description and explanation of events, actions in a person's life. The method of content analysis and SEM models of narratives that were used to process and present information are original and are subject to the intellectual property of the authors. The Results. An objective assessment of the result of educational work with young people in the context of the teaching profession is presented. A statistically significant relationship between educational results "Patriotism" and "Civic identity" is found, and the most significant educational result is identified – "Civic identity" and the least significant – "Subjective assessment", and the relationship between educational results "Professional activity" and "Civic identity" is identified. The high efficiency of the use of the competition for forming the civil identity of the participants was proved, as well as the insufficient one – for forming the ability to formulate their own (subjective) assessment; educational work on the formation of patriotic feelings at the same time allows the formation of the civic identity of students and vice versa); it is required to conduct purposeful educational work on the formation of civic identity in the professional activity of a teacher. Conclusion. It was concluded that the competitive event "The feat of a teacher during the Great Patriotic War" was an effective tool for preserving the historical memory and patriotic education of young people.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL MEMORY OF THE YOUTH ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1941–1945: ON THE EXAMPLE OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN CHUVASHIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Grigoriev ◽  
Aleksey V. Karpov ◽  
Mikhail Yu. Kharitonov
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Higher Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Higher Educational

The article considers some elements that reflect the state of historical memory about the Great Patriotic war of 1941–1945 among the students of Chuvashia. To identify them, the authors used the materials of an empirical research conducted among students of higher educational institutions of the Chuvash Republic in March 2020 by the Chuvash State Institute of Humanities with the participation of individual authors of the article. In the course of this study, a total of 324 students from five Cheboksary higher educational institutions were interviewed. The data obtained have not yet been used in scientific publications. From this point of view, they represent an original source of information for analyzing the problems of preserving the historical memory about the Great Patriotic War among out-of-school youth and students. The paper consistently examines the level of students’ interest in the military events of 1941–1945, in the sources of information about the main facts and heroes and identifies opinions about the significance of a set of factors that played a significant role in achieving the victory over fascism. As a result of summarizing the data obtained in the course of an empirical research, different opinions of respondents about the significance of the USSR victory in the Great Patriotic war are presented. The obtained materials show that the majority of students show a considerable interest in the events and facts of the war, correctly characterize the sources, results and historical consequences of the victory over the Hitlerite Germany. The results of the study provide an opportunity for lecturers of higher educational institutions to take into account the data obtained in the process of organizing the effective use of various sources on the history of the war, to apply the materials obtained not only in educational work but in awareness-raising work as well.

Basic Directions of Ideological Work of Party-State Structures in the Conditions of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 (According to Mate-rials of the Dagestan Autonomous Republic)

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
I.A. Emirkhanov
Keyword(s):  
Power Structures ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
State Organizations ◽  
The Military ◽  
Autonomous Republic ◽  
Party State

The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of the party-state organizations of Dagestan during the Great Patriotic war and the changes that occurred in their work after the beginning of the military actions. As an example, a period of high tension of material and human resources, a phenomenal rise in patriotism and sacrifice of the population, ready to do anything to defeat the enemy, was chosen. The subject of the research is the key areas of mass agitation of power structures among residents of the Dagestan Autonomous Republic during the war years. The features of conducting political and educational work in wartime conditions, in which the main place was occupied by military-patriotic themes are revealed. The characteristic features of the work of Republican Soviet and party organizations in 1941-1945, which were aimed at strengthening the military and defense power of the country and strengthening assistance to the front from the inhabitants of the mountainous region, are studied. The course of the unity of society and the state is demonstrated, as well as the role of the population of the Republic in this process, who performed military and labor feats in the name of a Great Victory.

scholarly journals Situation of Leningrad Children Evacuated from the Besieged City in Yaroslavl Region (1941–1945)

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Elena Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Work ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
Home Food ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Analysis ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Collective Farms

Introduction. The siege of Leningrad is one of the most tragic pages in the history of the Great Patriotic War. The whole country took part in helping residents of the besieged city. Yaroslavl Region was one of the leading places where tens of thousands of children were evacuated. Methods and materials. The author seeks to implement the principles of scientific objectivity and reliability. The article is based on the memories of eyewitnesses of those years and archival materials. The author had an invaluable help in understanding the atmosphere in which children lived through confidential conversations with survivors of the blockade. Their stories are shocking in their naked truth. The author uses the comparative historical method in disclosing new, qualitative aspects of the problem under study. The hermeneutic method is used in the analysis of various sources: archival materials, memories, letters, first of all, based on time and reasons for the appearance of a particular source. The anthropological approach to the problem makes it possible to create a socio-psychological portrait of children, who by fate turned out to be far from their home, to recreate a picture of their life and everyday life. Analysis. It includes the problems associated with the children evacuation in July–August 1941 and especially in winter–spring 1942, raises the issue of child mortality and the perpetuation of their memory. Results. A major role in the organization of children’s life was played by the party and the Soviet leadership. The article notes that ordinary workers and collective farms took the successful solution of domestic problems of orphans. They provided children with everything they needed: home, food, clothes, shoes, dishes, etc. In addition, citizens took children on patronage and adoption. The methods of educational work with them had changed, where one of the main directions was the inculcation of labour skills: children worked in their farms, helped collective farms, cleaned their homes, were engaged in needlework, worked in workshops, etc. The desire to live and create was instilled in Leningrad by attracting citizens to participate in art performances. Big problems are connected with statistical data, in particular, different sources give different numbers of children living on the territory of Yaroslavl region: from 90 to 150 thousand. It is almost impossible to count the number of dead children, so the established monuments to small Leningraders, as a rule, are nameless. After the lifting of the blockade some children returned to Leningrad, and some linked their destinies with Yaroslavl land.

scholarly journals Educational and cultural-educational work in the Red Army in 1920s-1930s: the Orenburg Region on materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Larisa Vladimirovna Petrich
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Military Training ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Combat Training ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Subject

The article is sanctified important aspect in eradicating illiteracy in the years of Soviet power - training soldiers and youth of premilitary age. From the state of literacy of the population category to a large extent dependent on the fighting capacity of the Red Army. Having analyzed the historical scientific literature on the subject, the conclusion is made that the topic under consideration was studied to date is not enough. It is noted that in its entirety the problem of improving the combat training of the Red Army stood in 1923, when she moved to a peacetime footing. At the same time it developed a decree the Central Executive Committee and the CPC to bring to mandatory classes in literacy of youth of premilitary age during the passage of pre-conscription military training. The paper revealed that in the late 1920s - early 1930s. work on training soldiers and youth of premilitary age continued during the cultural campaign. It is indicated that the organization of training, considerable attention was paid to the content of educational material related to the political education of soldiers. The peculiarities, difficulties and shortcomings in the organization of work with the staff of the Red Army in Orenburg: low attendance of paragraph literacy, large dropout of them. The article concludes that the system of eradication of illiteracy in the difficult war years, has proven to be extremely vital importance and necessity in the case of direct protection, strengthening and building of the state. This was an important factor in the victory of the Great Patriotic War.

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