scholarly journals Educational activities of the Russian museum in the 1940s (blockade and evacuation)

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
O. A. Tuminskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western World ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Provincial Society ◽  
Historical Truth

The article discusses the methods of scientific and artistic propaganda (Museum and local history tour, lesson at the exhibition, lecture, conversation with slides). Museum employees at places of temporary storage of monuments carried out educational work among the population. Working with the audience in the Museum serves as a support for the positive state of mind of people in the conditions of intense wartime. Meeting with evacuees collections of art monuments allowed residents of Perm, Gorky, Solikamsk and other regional centers in 1941–1945 to expand their horizons, aesthetically evaluate the famous masterpieces of Russian art, which had a beneficial effect on the entire cultural climate of the provincial society. During the great Patriotic war, the main part of the art collections of the State Russian Museum was evacuated to Molotov (Perm). Paintings, sculptures, works of iconography are placed in the Perm Museum of local lore, in the Trinity Cathedral of Solikamsk. Conducting excursions and consultations at temporary exhibitions, conversations with slides are methods of scientific and educational work. This work was important and necessary for the residents of Perm. The meeting with art organized for visitors of the Museum in Perm by the staff of the Russian Museum provided great spiritual support during the great Patriotic war, which can be regarded as an unprecedented case of aesthetic education of the younger generation and spiritual support of the residents of Perm in wartime conditions. The relevance of the material presented in the article is undeniable. In the last years of the twenty-fi rst century, there have been increasing calls for a review of the role of the Soviet Army in the great Patriotic war (1941–1945). It is necessary to take responsibility for historical truth. The importance of the Victory, which brought liberation from Hitlerism not only to our Homeland, but also to the Western world, is great, and the merits are invaluable. It is necessary to preserve the truth for future generations of residents of the former Soviet space, as well as citizens of other countries. Special importance in the preservation of memory belongs to documentary sources, which include archive materials. Along with them, works of art created during the war or in the first post-war years play an invaluable role in restoring the truth.

Activity of Libraries and Village Reading Rooms in Mari Village during the Great Patriotic War

2010 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Anna V. Ribalka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Youth ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
Great Patriotic War

The article analyzes the activities of libraries and village reading-rooms in the Mari village during the Great Patriotic War. It describes the changes in libraries’ work at the beginning of the war, forms and methods of cultural and educational work. Special attention is paid to lectures, talks, newspapers and news briefs of the Soviet Information Bureau, conferences, literary evenings, collective radio programmers hearings, stands with central and local newspapers and help to the front. The article also considers the work with the rural youth and the organization of mobile libraries.

Statistical Data as a Source of Information on the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
T. G. Nekhaeva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
Great Victory

The article examines publication of statistical data commemorating the anniversaries of the USSR Victory in the Great Patriotic War as the most important information sources for an objective analysis of historical events. The reason for writing this article was the release of the statistical handbook of Rosstat, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory. In the introduction, the author argues the current urgency of issues addressed in the article caused by information warfare aimed at distorting the historical truth about the role of our country in the anti-Hitler coalition and the defeat of fascism in the World War II. The body of the article describes the concept and content of the anniversary edition. An important point of the article is the analysis of data sources used in the preparation of the handbook. The author reviews the anniversary handbook structure that includes a preface and the following sections: Population, Economic, Living conditions, Mobilization of population, Partisan movement, Evacuation during the war, Casualties and losses during the war, Military memorials and cemeteries, State awards, References. It is noted that the handbook maintains the tradition of previous statistical publications dedicated to the anniversaries of the Great Victory. Lastly, the author substantiates the novelty of data presented in the anniversary handbook and the logical structure of statistical materials in it. The author draws conclusions about the paramount importance of, and need to continue popularization of data on the great exploits of the Soviet people during the war and to introduce new statistical information into scientific circulation, which is causing further comprehension of primary information sources about the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

scholarly journals Historical e-sources on the problem of the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945 (by the example of the Kuibyshev (Samara) Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Olga Yuryevna Igoshina
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The Military ◽  
Mass Sources ◽  
Human Losses

This paper considers one of the urgent problems of the great Patriotic war history - the irrevocable human losses during the great Patriotic war. In the 21st century mass sources (electronic databases and databanks) were distributed. Some of them can be used while studying how local people of the Kuibyshev (now - Samara) Region participated in the military operations in 1941-1945. The paper analyzes information opportunities of the generalized databank Memorial and the consolidated database of the all-Russian information and search center Fatherland. The paper also analyzes the electronic database of the irrevocable human losses of the Kuibyshev Region that is founded on The Memory book and made by the author of the paper. The databank Memorial and the database Fatherland are on the Internet and help to determine the fate or find the information about the dead or missing relatives and friends as well as to determine their burial place. Sections of the victims are accompanied by links as well as by digital copies of archival documents that confirm the information about the date, place of service, death and burial of soldier. Electronic resources have unique features and value for achieving the historical truth about the price of Victory.

The Great Patriotic War in Soviet and Post-Soviet Collective Memory

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger D. Markwick
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Personal Trauma

World War II has never ended for the citizens of the former Soviet Union. Nearly 27 million Soviet citizens died in the course of what Joseph Stalin declared to be the Great Patriotic War, half of the total 55 million victims of the world war. The enduring personal trauma and grief that engulfed those who survived, despite the Red Army's victory over fascism, was not matched by Stalin's state of mind, which preferred to forget the war. Not until the ousting of Nikita S. Khrushchev in October 1964 by Leonid Brezhnev was official memory of the war really resurrected. This article elaborates a thesis about the place of World War II in Soviet and post-Soviet collective memory by illuminating the sources of the myth of the Great Patriotic War and the mechanisms by which it has been sustained and even amplified. It discusses perestroika, patriotism without communism, the fate of the wartime Young Communist heroine Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, the battle for Victory Day, the return of ‘trophy’ art, the Hill of Prostrations, and Sovietism without socialism.

scholarly journals Some health aspects of the Battle of Stalingrad with elements of philosophical comprehension

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-253
Author(s):  
V P Koshelev ◽  
I G Kornushko ◽  
A V Shpanka ◽  
Yu E Vyazovichenko
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Great Victory

Presents extensive historical material unparalleled feat of the Soviet people for a liquidation of consequences of the most ambitious in its bitterness of the battle of Stalingrad, where the cost of enormous effort and enormous human sacrifices our country was able to refract the course of historical events in the Great Patriotic war in their favour. Extremely violent confrontation predetermined the loss of troops, where only in the defensive period of the Stalingrad battle a day killed up to 3,000 people and about the same number of wounded. The severe sanitary and epidemiological situation after the battle, where a huge mass of decaying human bodies remained unburied in a relatively small area of hostilities, and what incredible efforts were made to prevent the impending epidemic of dangerous infectious diseases. The contribution of the outstanding scientist-microbiologist Z. V. Ermoleva and the implementation of her bold decisions in the prevention of cholera epidemic are described. The story is about one of the participants of the battle of Stalingrad on the part of the enemy, but played a huge role in the construction of a moral bridge between the fiercely opposing sides of evil and the liberation of Kurt Roiber - a participant in the battle of Stalingrad, who died in a camp for prisoners of war, but left a number of unforgettable drawings, one of which is the «Stalingrad Madonna» - the fruit of observations and a deep understanding of Russian children and mothers, destitute by military actions, calling in their own way to protect the world over their heads. K. Reiber was able to recognize the inhumanity of war, but that he had to himself to go through this hell. Only by relying on these sensitive triggers of our state of mind can we preserve the memory of the tragedy and the role of Russia’s unparalleled feat, which set an example to the whole world, including the enemy of the power of our indomitable Soviet spirit. And, no matter how hard it was, we should know and often remember these days of the hardest struggle and the great victory.

scholarly journals The Unclassifi ed Documents of Russian Archives Devoted to the Сontribution of the Soviet Muslims to the Victory Over Nazi Germany and Its Allies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
A. A. Ahmadullin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Historical Truth

Based on documents that have been declassified in recent years in the central archives of the Russian Federation, the article analyzes the policy of the Soviet state during the Great Patriotic War regarding its citizens who professed Islam. Based on declassified documents, the contribution of the Muslims of the USSRto the defeat of Nazi Germany and its allies is shown. The author argued his own view on the reasons for the change in the policy of the Soviet state during the war years in relation to Muslims of the USSR, which could be considered from the point of view of circumstances of an internal and external nature. The knowledge of the historical truth is an effective tool to struggle against falsifications aiming to separate ideologically the peoples of the post-Soviet states.

scholarly journals PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF S.AMANZOLOV OV DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
А.А. Oskembay ◽  
◽  
F.K. Kabdrakhmanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
The Military

The article provides an assessment of the patriotic education of S. Amanzholov's soldiers during the Great Patriotic War. A comprehensive analysis of S. Amanzholov's activities as a political leader is presented. The article provides new data on the use of heroic deeds of Kazakh batyrs by scientists to raise the military spirit of soldiers. During the Great Patriotic War, patriotism became the most important value in Soviet society. Selfless devotion to their Motherland manifested itself among millions of Soviet citizens and became a source of unprecedented mass heroism. From February 1942 to June 1946 S. Amanzholov was on active military service in the ranks of the Soviet Army. He conducted political and educational work among soldiers of non-Russian nationality, published in the Kazakh language the "Notebook of the Red Army Agitator" and leaflets about the heroes of the Soviet Union.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BELARUSIAN PSYCHOLOGY IN 1920-1950 y.: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL PRECONDITIONS. PART 1. PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COMBAT ACTIVITY IN PARTISAN DETACHMENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-36
Author(s):  
С.Л. Кандыбович ◽  
Т.В. Разина
Keyword(s):  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Psychological Training ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Combat Activity ◽  
Psychological Features

Продолжено рассмотрение ситуации, сложившейся в белорусской психологии в период Великой Отечественной войны, и роль этого этапа истории в ее дальнейшем развитии. Представлен малоизученный факт использования житейских психологических знаний в организации и ведении партизанской войны. Показано, что специфика партизанской войны с необходимостью требовала от бойцов и командиров применения психологических знаний и умений. При этом, несмотря на отсутствие документов, официально подтверждающих наличие лиц со специальной психологической подготовкой в боевых партизанских соединениях, данные задачи выполнялись достаточно эффективно. К числу подобного рода задач и специфики партизанской борьбы относятся: психологические аспекты организации и координации деятельности партизанских отрядов, особенности командования в них, необходимость учета этнонациональных особенностей как противника, так и членов партизанских отрядов, особенности взаимодействия и коммуникации между гражданскими и военными лицами внутри партизанских отрядов, психологическая подготовка бойцов (наряду с профессиональными навыками) партизанских отрядов (воспитание мужества, стойкости, готовности и т.д.). Также значительное место в боевых действиях партизан занимало осуществление психологической войны в тылу врага и параллельное проведение идеологической и воспитательной работы среди населения оккупированных территорий при необходимости эффективного функционирования в длительной экстремальной ситуации и в ситуации неопределенности, развитие устойчивости к ней. Важной задачей являлся психологический отбор, в первую очередь связанный с необходимостью определения потенциальных предателей и оценки возможностей использования помощи местного населения и др. Таким образом, в истории белорусской психологии в период Великой Отечественной войны сложилась уникальная ситуация широкого использования житейских психологических знаний и их спонтанный переход на уровень прикладных. Тем не менее, прямого развития этой отрасли психологической науки после Великой Отечественной войны в белорусской психологии не произошло. The article continues to consider the situation in Belarusian psychology during the Great Patriotic War and the role of this stage in further development. The little-studied aspect is presented - the use of everyday psychological knowledge in the organization and conduct of guerrilla warfare. It is shown that the specifics of guerrilla warfare necessarily required fighters and commanders to apply psychological knowledge and skills. At the same time, despite the lack of documents officially confirming the presence of persons with special psychological training in combat guerrilla units, these tasks were performed quite effectively. Such tasks and specifics of guerrilla struggle include: psychological aspects of organization and coordination of guerrilla units, features of command in them, the need to take into account ethno-national characteristics of both the enemy and members of guerrilla units, features of interaction, communication within guerrilla units of civilians and military personnel; psychological training of fighters (along with professional skills) of guerrilla units (education of courage, perseverance, readiness, etc.). Also, a significant place in the guerrilla operations was occupied by the implementation of psychological warfare in the enemy's rear, parallel ideological and educational work among the population of the occupied territories, the need to function effectively in prolonged extreme situations and situations of uncertainty, development of resistance to it. An important task was psychological selection, primarily related to the need to identify potential traitors and the possibility of using the help of local people, etc. Thus, in the history of Belarusian psychology during the Great Patriotic War there was a unique situation of widespread use of psychological knowledge and their spontaneous transition to applied. Nevertheless, there was no direct development of this branch of psychological science in the Belarusian psychology after the Great Patriotic War.

scholarly journals Synthetic artistic culture as a fundamental principle of culturally-oriented teaching of the Russian language in Slovakia: to Eva Kollarova’s anniversary

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-413
Author(s):  
Frantisek Heiser
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Foreign Language Education ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
The Russian Language

The report is devoted to culturological research in foreign-language education, issues of working at masterpieces of Russian art in connection with a systemic-chronological presentation of ingenious representatives of Russian culture in the dialogue with Slovak culture. The communicativecultural concept constitutes the basis of long-term research and educational work of the remarkable Slovak specialist in Russian philology Eva Kollarova. An analysis of Eva Kollarova’s textbooks and monographs presented in the article shows her significant contribution to the Russian language diffusion not only in Slovakia, but also in other European countries.

scholarly journals The history of the creation of the Azerbaijan State Museum (Azgosmusey)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Gunay N. Qafarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Museums ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
National Bourgeoisie

The history of museums in Azerbaijan is only a hundred years old, but the path traveled over the years has been very difficult. The development of museums was directly affected by the political course of the Soviet country. Museums were supposed to reflect the politics and ideology of the country, and everything that did not correspond to this was gathering dust in storage or even worse destroyed. The names of the owners of the collections were not mentioned in any public publication. Their names preserved only the basic documents of museums, acts and books of receipts, which were available to a very narrow circle of people. Often, collections mercilessly broken into small groups and transferred to various museums in the country. Namely, the property of many representatives of the national bourgeoisie enriched our museums. Nevertheless, in the first years of Soviet power, the museums created in Azerbaijan managed to assemble a rich collection, despite the obvious distortions in the reflection of historical truth. It was these works that formed the basis of the collections of modern National Museums, and, of course, the Azgosmuzey laid their foundation. It was the first museum to systematically and consistently assemble a collection. Azgosmuzey organized expeditions and conducted archaeological excavations. Excavations on the territory of Azerbaijan have always been carried out officially and unofficially, unfortunately, many discovered artifacts were exported outside of our country, but after the establishment of Soviet power, the situation in this area changed somewhat, and it should be noted for the better. On the initiative of the museum’s management, various exhibits were transferred to our museums from Moscow, and then from Leningrad, enriching the repositories of Western European and Russian art. Many materials cited in the article are not known to a wide circle of researchers.

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