scholarly journals Investigating the Availability and Usage of Seatbelts in Malawi for Policy Review and Formulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Gibson Mpokonyoka Ngwira ◽  
Benjamin Bolaane ◽  
Bhagabat P. Parida
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Road Fatality ◽  
Major Factors

Road fatalities remain a major public health concern as over 1.3 million people across the world die in road accidents annually, and another 20-50 million sustain injuries. Malawi, with vehicle ownership about 437,416, has not been an exception to this, with reported fatality rates of 35 crash deaths per 100,000 population, possibly due to limited understanding of factors that contribute to such high road fatality rates. This may have resulted in implementing inappropriate and ineffective mitigation measures. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the availability, including their functionality and usage of seatbelts in motor vehicles, which could possibly be one of the major factors for increase in road fatalities. To establish the rates of availability, ncluding their functionality and usage of seatbelts in motor vehicles, primary data through survey for a sample of 1,200 vehicles were investigated. The independent ariables of data were cross tabulated with the dependent variables to establish these rates. Chi-square test was also performed to establish the significance of associations between the cross tabulated variables. The analysis found that Malawi’s drivers and assengers poorly comply with seatbelt laws. The overall seatbelt usage rate was 35.8%. In this regard, where over 90% of motor vehicles in Malawi have functional seatbelts, poor enforcement of existing seatbelt laws and awareness on the dangers of not using eatbelts could account for the low usage.

scholarly journals Business Graduate-ness and Work-readiness: A Comparative Analysis of Public and Private Universities in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Hasina Akter
Keyword(s):  
Business Education ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Development Discourse ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Practical Orientation ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Major Factors

Quality education is crucial component of human capital, which has emerged large in the theories explaining economic growth, in particular, and the development discourse, in general. However, in the new era of business today business studies are prime choices of most of the students, and accordingly, this study focuses merely on the quality of business education. This study compares public and private universities in terms of their efficacy in offering business education focusing on five major factors, namely developing business professionalism, updated curriculum, practical orientation, creating entrepreneurial ability and mindset, employability of business graduates. Data used in this study is primary as well as secondary. Primary data have collected from 600 respondents – 300 from each category of universities. Different statistical tools, such as Chi-square test and two sample t-test, have been applied for analysing the data. Findings reveal that private universities slightly better perform in terms of developing business professionalism, updated curriculum, and creating entrepreneurial mindset. However, what most importantly matter are practical orientation and employability, in which public universities are more prompt compared to their private counterpart.

scholarly journals The higher reading interest of pregnant mother improves the utilization of MCH book

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Apriliana Apriliana ◽  
Intan Mutiara Putri ◽  
Suyani Suyani ◽  
Istri Utami
Keyword(s):  
Health Centre ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Reading Interest ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

The utilization of MCH book could be defined to be an activity when a mother and her close relatives actively participate in reading, learning, comprehending the contents of MCH book, and implementing it in daily routine. This research aims to discover the correlation between the reading interest of pregnant mothers and the use of MCH book. This study has been approved by the research ethics committee of Yogyakarta ‘Aisyiyah University. This cross-sectional research was performed at the Community Health Centre of Mlati II Sleman Yogyakarta. Seventy-four pregnant mothers who owned MCH book were derived from incidental sampling technic. The retrieval of primary data used questioner method. The result of chi-square test states that pregnant mothers with higher reading interest will be utilizing the MCH book four times more effective compared to those with lower interest in reading (p-value: 0,005 and 95% CI: 1,488-10,902).

scholarly journals A Sociological Analysis of Combined Jail Life of Juvenile and Adult Prisoners in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ihsan Khan ◽  
Ashfaq Rehman ◽  
Niaz Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
Joint Dwelling

This study examines the outcomes of frequent relations between juvenile and adult prisoners at the populous prisons of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in districts Mansehra, Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar, Swabi and Mardan. According to SPARC (2015), there were total of 199 juvenile prisoners out of them 132 were taken as a sample size through Sekaran (2010) sample size table. The primary data was collected through interview schedule, with major aim to see association of joint dwelling of adult prisoners and juvenile inmates in the selected prisons. For measuring the association between adult and juvenile inmates, a Chi-square test was applied by using Microsoft Excel. It was found that there exist a strong association of adult with juvenile inmates; which resulted in reinforcing the delinquent behaviour of juvenile by supporting them financially, providing them with various kinds of drugs and persuading them to join their networks after they were released. Such situation was directly contradictory to the well-being of juvenile inmates at jails, where they were supposed to rehabilitate their offending behaviour. The study recommends establishment of separate jails for juvenile inmates, being inclusive part of the JJSO-2000.

Innovative Marketing Strategies for Small and Medium Enterprises of Western Madhya Pradesh (India): An Analytical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-162
Author(s):  
Pragya Keshari
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The micro, small and medium enterprises are an essential part of the Indian industrial sector. It plays a decisive role in growth and development of Indian economy. The review of literature on various aspects of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) showed that the SMEs, both in the country and other parts of the world, still rely on conventional marketing practices and, more or less, face the same types of challenges. Therefore, the present study is undertaken to examine the marketing strategies of SMEs in western Madhya Pradesh, India, and to suggest some innovative marketing practices for them to prosper. The sample consists of 439 SMEs drawn on a random basis from Indore and Dhar districts of Madhya Pradesh. The primary data are collected through a self-designed instrument with 40 items/statements, developed thorough a review of literature on the topic and personal interviews of managers of SMEs. The data are analysed using statistical tools like factor analysis and chi-square test applied with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20 Software. The study findings reveal that SME managers still rely on age-old practices of marketing. The article recommends some innovative marketing practices for SMEs.

scholarly journals Hubungan Status Gizi dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Yulaeka Yulaeka
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Chi Square Test

Anemia is a condition when the levels of hemoglobin and erythrocytes are lower than normal. The normal value of hemoglobin in women is 12 -16 g / dl with erythrocytes from 3.5 to 4.5 jt / mm3. This study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status and Anemia of teenage girl. This research is analytic with cross sectional study design. The samples taken are 66 teenage girls, chosen by quote sampling. The data of this research used primary data obtained through checking up of body mass index and hemoglobin level. The data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis used Chi-square test. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between nutritional status and Anemia (p value 0.001).

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK IBU DAN POST NATAL TREATMENT (PNT) BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN TERJADINYA POSTPARTUM BLUES IBU NIFAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Yuliyanik Yuliyanik
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Observational Methods ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Postpartum Blues ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Breast Care ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

This study aimed at examining the occurrence of postpartum blues in postpartum mothers. Post partum blues is categorized as a mild mental disorder syndrome for it is often ignored so that it is undiagnosed and not treated as it should, which finally leads to a difficult and unpleasant problem that may create feelings of discomfort for women who experience it. The study is intended to prevent the occurrence of Post partum blues in postpartum mothers. Post Partum Blues can be prevented by doing ANC and Post Natal Treatment routinely. Post Natal Treatment is a series of treatments performed specifically for postpartum mothers, which include massage, breast care, oxytocin massage, postpartum spa and full-blooded face. The research employed observational methods. The population of all puerperal mothers was 20 people, using total sampling. Data is obtained from primary data and secondary data, then the data is processed using SPSS 16 with chi square test. The conclusion of the value of p = 0.01 is that there is a relationship between the characteristics of postpartum mothers and PNT with the occurrence of postpartum blues. Age, education and occupation of postpartum mothers are associated with the insidence of postpartum blues. PNT that had been received by postpartum mothers was also related to the insidence of postpartum blues. Researcher's suggestion is for postpartum mothers to carry out ANC and PNT routinely to prevent the occurrence of post partum blues.

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEJADIAN DIARE DI TAMBAK SARI, KOTA SURABAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Debby Daviani Prawati
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Social Demography ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Diarrhea Disease ◽  
Sampling Probability

Background: Diarrhea is an illness which characterized by changed in shape, consistency of the stool and with excessive bowel frequency (more than 3 times within a day). Diarrhea disease is the third contributor of children’s morbidity and mortality rate around the world. Purpose: This study aims to analyzing factors that caused diarrhea’s cases. This research were an observational analytic type. Sampling technique were used random sampling / probability sampling. Methods: Data were analyzed by chi-square test. Data collection techniques were divided into primary data (direct observation and questionnaire) and secondary data (journals and articles). Results: On this research showed theres no significant correlation between sex, age, education, income, hand washing behavior using soap, clean water facility and trashbin condition with diarrhea occurrence during last 3 months in RW.VI Kelurahan Rangkah Buntu, Surabaya. There were a significant relation between cleaning up the environment, making and consuming oralit, and the behavior of handwashing with soap before meals at the rate of diarrhea cases during the last 3 months in RW VI Kelurahan Rangkah Buntu, Surabaya. Conclusion: theres no significant correlation between social demography, behavior using soap, clean water facility and trasbin and a significant relation between clean up the environtment, behavior handwashing, making and consuming oralit during the last 3 month in RW VI Kelurahan Rangkah Buntu, Surabaya.

scholarly journals Hubungan Karakteristik dan Kecerdasan Spiritual Perawat dengan Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Layanan Spiritual Pasien Rawat Inap

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Nur Herawati ◽  
Emma Rachmawati ◽  
Mouhamad Bigwanto
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Nurses in meeting spiritual service needs in patients are influenced by one of the factors namely spiritual intelligence. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between characteristics and nurse's spiritual intelligence by fulfilling the inpatient spiritual service needs in Banten Hospital in 2019. The study was conducted in Banten General Hospital in July-August 2019. This research was quantitative with a cross-sectional design by using a questionnaire as a primary data and using Chi-square test as the data analysis. The sample used all nurses in population with total sampling to 71 nurses. The results showed that respondents who fulfilled the needs of spiritual services were not as good as 37 respondents (52.1%). Bivariate results showed variables related to meeting spiritual service needs, namely the level of education (p value = 0.039), length of work (p value =0.042), and nurse spiritual intelligence (p value =0.022). Based on the results of this study it is suggested that there is a need for assistance or special mentors conducted by senior nurses to junior nurses (length of work ≤ 4 years). Because the results of this research prove that nurses who have a new length of work who have the opportunity to meet the needs of spiritual services are not good for patients. Keywords : Nurses, Spiritual Intelligence, Spiritual Service Needs.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Rural Entrepreneurial Challenges: Towards Rural Economic Development and a Policy Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3(J)) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Albert Tchey Agbenyegah
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Rural Economic Development ◽  
Rural Study ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

The primary purpose of this rural study was to compare the challenges that impede successful operations of entrepreneurial activities and small businesses. Through quantitative design, a seven-point Likert-scale questionnaire was utilized to gather primary data. Two sampling techniques, namely simple random and purposive, were applied to select the research participants. Based on a Likert spectrum, 267 questionnaires were administered to SME owners by the researcher, assisted by two research trainees. These questionnaires were ranked from (1) strongly disagree to (7) strongly agree. Two main questions, which provided guidance to this study, were certified reliable by the Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.768 and 0.976. Data analysis was possible through the descriptive and inferential tools supported by the independent t-test, Pearson’s chi-square test, and cross-tabulation. The final outcomes demonstrate higher levels of challenges in the Frances Baard (FB) District than in the John Taolo Gaetsewe (JTG) District. This implies that owner-managers of small businesses in the FB District experienced more challenges in operating their businesses. The study recommends SME Policy Framework (SPF) training and intensifying the existing processes of monitoring after training to justify the owner-managers’ moral commitments.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Type and Frequency of Online Food Ordering With Obesity in Students of Medan Area University

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Laila Apriani Hasanah Harahap ◽  
Evawany Aritonang ◽  
Zulhaida Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Relationship

Online food ordering is a food delivery service through applications that are obtained quickly and safely. This is related to obesity. This type of research uses a descriptive type of study, with a cross sectional study design. This research was conducted at Medan, Medan University with 83 samples taken using purposive sampling method. The data used are primary data obtained based on measurements of student weight and height, recall and food frequency are analyzed by chi- square test. The results of the study showed that there was a correlation between the frequency of online food ordering with obesity (p <0.001) and there was no correlation between the types of food and obesity (p = 0.099) in the students of Medan Area University. To deal with the problem of obesity, it is easy to get access to online food ordering.

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