scholarly journals Trends, patterns, and differentials in Canadian mortality over nearly a century, 1921-2011

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bourbeau ◽  
Nadine Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

In the past 90 years, remarkable progress was made in substantially improving survival and longevity in Canada, establishing it as a member of today’s group of very low mortality countries. We use several demographic indicators of all-cause and cause-specific mortality to illustrate the nature of these major advances throughout the life span. Reviewing the literature on trends in Canadian mortality, we also uncover various challenges for the next decades. Reducing or even eliminating important disparities in mortality that persist with regards to geography and several socioeconomic factors is one of the greatest challenges ahead. Keywords: Mortality, longevity, health, trends, Canada 

The State of Democracy in Africa and the Middle East 2021: Resilient Democratic Aspirations and Opportunities for Consolidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Democracy Assistance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bright Spots ◽  
The World ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Political Turmoil ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

Recent declines in democracy have undermined some of the remarkable progress made in Africa over the past three decades, although bright spots remain. The Covid-19 pandemic, though seemingly less damaging to public health than elsewhere in the world, has added pressure on governance, rights, and social inequality. The report also covers the Middle East and North Africa which is one of the least democratic regions in the world. The Covid-19 pandemic has reinforced the erosion in democratic principles and the deepening authoritarianism that has accompanied a decade of economic, social and political turmoil in the region. This Report provides lessons and recommendations that governments, political and civic actors, and international democracy assistance providers should consider in order to counter the concerning trends in the erosion of democracy, and to foster its resilience and deepening.

Core Indicators 2019: Health Trends in the Americas

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Trend Data ◽  
Data Tables

Core Indicators 2019: Health Trends in the Americas starts with a demographic overview of the Americas to demonstrate how the Region has changed over 25 years. These key demographic indicators provide valuable context to better understand the population’s characteristics and their impact on health. Brief narratives accompany the graphics to highlight important information. The second section, Trends in Health, 1995–2019, presents trend data for health indicators of interest within the topics of life expectancy, mortality, communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and risk factors. This section highlights remarkable strides in improving the population’s health within the Americas, while at the same time observing that there is still much more work ahead to ensure equitable health across the Region. The third section contains the traditional Core Indicators Data Tables updated each year for the past 25 years. The information in these tables reflects the data obtained from the 2019 round of data collection, reported from countries and territories, and UN Inter-Agency estimates. Table footnotes and notes in the appendixes provide the source and the years covered for the corresponding data. Core indicators data is always available online on the PLISA platform at www.paho.org/data/index.php/en/indicators.html.

scholarly journals The changing face of a rare disease: lymphangioleiomyomatosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Harari ◽  
Olga Torre ◽  
Roberto Cassandro ◽  
Joel Moss
Keyword(s):  
Rare Disease ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lymphatic Abnormalities ◽  
Abdominal Tumours ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis is a rare disease characterised by cystic destruction of the lung, lymphatic abnormalities and abdominal tumours. It affects almost exclusively females and can occur sporadically or in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.In the past decade remarkable progress has been made in understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease leading to a new therapeutic approach. This review summarises recent advances regarding pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations, and highlights the current and the most promising future therapeutic strategies.

An exon-centric perspective1Canadian Society of Molecular Biosciences (CSMB) Senior Investigator Award

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Blencowe
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Genes ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Discrete Networks ◽  
Made In

During the past ten years, remarkable progress has been made in our understanding of the complexity and regulation of alternative splicing. The generation of large datasets of quantitative alternative splicing profiling information has revealed that transcripts from at least 95% of multi-exon human genes undergo alternative splicing, and that thousands of exons in mammalian transcriptomes are subject to striking regulatory patterns. Together with advanced computational methods, these datasets have enabled the inference of a predictive code for tissue-dependent alternative splicing. This code has further provided new insight into splicing regulatory mechanisms. Collectively, these approaches are revealing the existence of discrete networks of exons that are coordinately regulated in diverse biologically normal and disease contexts. A major challenge ahead is to systematically determine the functions of exons comprising these exon networks as well as the factors and mechanisms responsible for their regulation. This perspective provides an account of progress in these areas and also discusses future avenues of exon-centric exploration.

Syntactic and rhythmic effects on downstep in Japanese

Phonology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruo Kubozono
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remarkable Progress ◽  
Made In

The past decade or so has seen increasing interest in prosodic research, and remarkable progress has been made in the study of accent and intonation, both empirical and theoretical. Research in Japanese intonation is no exception in this respect, as evidenced by such works as Poser (1984) and Beckman & Pierrehumbert (1986), among others, which have developed theoretical discussions on many interesting phonological issues on the basis of their own experimental evidence.

South Asian Developmental Crisis (Review Article)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Rafiq Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Integrated Theory ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Second World ◽  
Made In

Like nations and civilizations, sciences also pass through period of crises when established theories are overthrown by the unpredictable behaviour of events. Economics is passing through such a crisis. The challenge thrown by the Great Depression of early 1930s took a decade before Keynes re-established the supremacy of economics. But this supremacy has again been upset by the crisis of poverty in the vast under-developed world which attained political independence after the Second World War. Poverty had always existed but never before had it been of such concern to economists as during the past twenty five years or so. Economic literature dealing with this problem has piled up but so have the agonies of poverty. No plausible and well-integrated theory of economic development or under-development has emerged so far, though brilliant advances have been made in isolated directions.

Mass Spectrometry Techniques: Principles and Practices for Quantitative Proteomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco J. Rotello ◽  
Timothy D. Veenstra
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Proteome Level ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Made In

: In the current omics-age of research, major developments have been made in technologies that attempt to survey the entire repertoire of genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites present within a cell. While genomics has led to a dramatic increase in our understanding of such things as disease morphology and how organisms respond to medications, it is critical to obtain information at the proteome level since proteins carry out most of the functions within the cell. The primary tool for obtaining proteome-wide information on proteins within the cell is mass spectrometry (MS). While it has historically been associated with the protein identification, developments over the past couple of decades have made MS a robust technology for protein quantitation as well. Identifying quantitative changes in proteomes is complicated by its dynamic nature and the inability of any technique to guarantee complete coverage of every protein within a proteome sample. Fortunately, the combined development of sample preparation and MS methods have made it capable to quantitatively compare many thousands of proteins obtained from cells and organisms.

Evidence-based Assessment

2010 ◽  
pp. 76-98
Author(s):  
John Hunsley ◽  
Eric J. Mash
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Evidence-based assessment relies on research and theory to inform the selection of constructs to be assessed for a specific assessment purpose, the methods and measures to be used in the assessment, and the manner in which the assessment process unfolds. An evidence-based approach to clinical assessment necessitates the recognition that, even when evidence-based instruments are used, the assessment process is a decision-making task in which hypotheses must be iteratively formulated and tested. In this chapter, we review (a) the progress that has been made in developing an evidence-based approach to clinical assessment in the past decade and (b) the many challenges that lie ahead if clinical assessment is to be truly evidence-based.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Factors and All Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality among Older People in Latin America, India, and China: A Population-Based Cohort Study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e1001179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleusa P. Ferri ◽  
Daisy Acosta ◽  
Mariella Guerra ◽  
Yueqin Huang ◽  
Juan J. Llibre-Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Older People ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
India And China

The Role of Histones and Heparin in Sepsis: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 088506662199232
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Zhang ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Extracellular Histones ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
Development And Management ◽  
Made In

Septic shock with multiple organ failure is a devastating situation in clinical settings. Through the past decades, much progress has been made in the management of sepsis and its underlying pathogenesis, but a highly effective therapeutic has not been developed. Recently, macromolecules such as histones have been targeted in the treatment of sepsis. Histones primarily function as chromosomal organizers to pack DNA and regulate its transcription through epigenetic mechanisms. However, a growing body of research has shown that histone family members can also exert cellular toxicity once they relocate from the nucleus into the extracellular space. Heparin, a commonly used anti-coagulant, has been shown to possess life-saving capabilities for septic patients, but the potential interplay between heparin and extracellular histones has not been investigated. In this review, we summarize the pathogenic roles of extracellular histones and the therapeutic roles of heparin in the development and management of sepsis and septic shock.

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