scholarly journals Lost Generations? Indigenous Population of the Russian North in the Post-Soviet Era

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
Post Soviet Period

This paper discusses key findings concerning population dynamic of the Indigenous minorities living in the Russian North during the post-Soviet period, highlighted by the 2002 Census. The paper places recent demographic trends into the context of past and current economic, social and institutional changes. It also provides comparisons with Indigenous population dynamics in other parts of the Arctic. Although most Indigenous peoples of the Russian North were growing numerically, they still experienced effects of Russia’s economic crisis, primarily reflected in rapidly falling fertility and rising mortality in the middle-age cohorts. In addition, both the ethnic drift and legal changes seriously contributed to the population dynamic.

scholarly journals Adaptation Process in the Development of the Traditional Economy in the Arctic Rural Areas in the Post-Soviet 1990s (on the Example of Anabar Ulus of Yakutia)

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Yana Mikhailovna Sannikova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Traditional Economy ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The study shows the adaptation processes in the traditional economy of the rural Arctic community in the first post-Soviet period. The author considers the conceptualization of adaptation measures in the development of traditional economy in national ulus. Objective and subjective manifestations of adaptation of traditional economic activity of the rural community of anabars to the transformations of the studied period are revealed. The main issues of development of the traditional economy of the indigenous population in the severe conditions of Anabar in the post-Soviet period were the restructur-ing of management and organization of an integrat-ed approach to farms, problems of staffing and re-muneration, improvement of the system of econom-ic activity in the domestic reindeer husbandry.

Indigenous Peoples of the Russian North and Their Right to Traditional Fishing

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Andreyevna Zmyvalova
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian North ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Traditional Fishing

The preservation of the traditional livelihood of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North is one of the State’s policy priorities in the Russian Federation. This is declared in such documents as, inter alia, the Development Strategy of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation and the National Security for the period up to 2020 and the Paper on the Sustainable Development of the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of Russia for the period up to 2025. Fishing is one of the basic traditional practices for the indigenous peoples of the Russian North. Despite the legal recognition of the right to traditional fishing of indigenous peoples, the practical realization of this right is complicated. While analysing the current situation, the author attempts to shed some light on the reasons of the problematic realization of this right.

scholarly journals Economic Behaviour Strategies of the Northern Small-Numbered Indigenous Peoples and their Impact on Subjective Well-Being

2021 ◽  
pp. 797-809
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Zabelina ◽  
Svetlana A. Kurnosova ◽  
Natalya P. Koptseva ◽  
Vladimir S. Luzan ◽  
Ksenia E. Shchukina
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Far East ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Financial Knowledge ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Economic Behaviour ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
The Impact

Russian academic literature is characterised by a lack of data on the features of the economic behaviour of representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as ISNPN, the indigenous minorities). Nevertheless, economic, environmental, geopolitical, and social changes in the Arctic region of Russia make it extremely relevant to study the process of transformation of the economic behaviour of these peoples. The article presents the results of a study of the main strategies of economic behaviour of the indigenous peoples (Nenets, Dolgans, Itelmens, Koryaks, Nivkhs, Chukchi, and Evens) and the impact of these strategies on their subjective well-being. In this way, factor analysis made it possible to identify 4 factors that can be interpreted as independent strategies of the economic behaviour of the ISNPN: the saving strategy based on financial knowledge and activity; the strategy of independent financial achievements; the restrictive strategy in the economic sphere based on rationality and independence, and the strategy of hired labour. The article notes that the regression analysis demonstrated particular importance of the saving strategy based on financial knowledge and activity, which makes the greatest contribution to increasing subjective well-being of the indigenous peoples. It has been noted that a peculiarity of the economic behaviour of the ISNPN representatives is the predominance of an orientation towards savings and rationality in almost all identified strategies. The results of the study are summarised in the conclusion, and a deduction about the significant role of increasing financial literacy in improving subjective well-being of indigenous minorities is drawn

scholarly journals Economic development of a region with a unique ecological system

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 07022
Author(s):  
Larisa Desfonteines ◽  
Elena Korchagina ◽  
Natalia Strekalova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Ecological System ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article considers the possibility of developing the economy of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, taking into account the preservation of the ecological system of the region and the national and cultural characteristics of the indigenous population. The analysis of the resource potential of the region is given, recommendations for the development of the region's economy using the labor potential of the population living there are offered. The article analyzes the development of the region and the possibility of creating eco-friendly enterprises, the work of which does not violate the natural balance of the Arctic. The article highlights the main elements of the Arctic economic system that require support at the level of strategic development of the state and determine the key positions in the development of the region. The article considers the constraints and problems that hinder the economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the conditions for preserving the uniqueness of the nature and culture of the indigenous peoples of the region. The potential of the economic development of the region is investigated. Innovative options for the development of the region in combination with modern technologies for preserving the unique ecological system and the identity of the indigenous population are considered. Promising directions of economic development of the Arctic region while preserving the uniqueness of nature and cultural traditions of indigenous peoples are proposed.

scholarly journals Mining and Indigenous Peoples of the North: Assessment and Development Prospects

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Evdokia Burtseva ◽  
Anatolii Sleptsov ◽  
Anna Bysyina ◽  
Alla Fedorova ◽  
Gavril Dyachkovskii
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The North ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Siberia

The main industry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the mining industry, which will continue to expand in the future. Already today there are quite a lot of investment projects for the development of minerals in the Arctic, North-West and South Yakutia, which will be implemented in the territories of indigenous minorities of the North. Indigenous Evens, Evenks, Yukaghirs make up 4.2% of the total population of the republic and are characterized by low genetic diversity, which can lead to negative consequences in relation to their health status when exposed to technogenic pollution. Purpose of the study: assessment of the state of life of indigenous minorities of the North in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) under the conditions of a new stage of industrial development of territories of traditional nature management. The planned increasing industrial development of territories of traditional nature management can cause large-scale disturbances of the earth’s surface, depletion of biological resources, environmental pollution, which will ultimately lead to deterioration in the quality of life of the population. In order to take measures to prevent and reduce the negative impacts of industrial development of the territories of residence and traditional activities of indigenous minorities of the North, when implementing new projects, the expert commission recommends concluding a trilateral agreement on cooperation and financing of specific programs between industrial companies, government bodies of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and authorized representatives of indigenous minorities of the North. Research area—the position of indigenous minorities of the North in the conditions of industrial development of the North, Siberia and the Far East. This study looks at the impact of industrial development on the natural environment and the traditional way of life of indigenous population. Compensation for damage to the nomadic tribal communities of reindeer herders has taken place. Only about 250 thousand representatives of 40 indigenous peoples live in these regions, who are included in the official list of indigenous minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption Regimes in the Arctic and Siberia: the Use of Resources by Indigenous People in the Context of Socio-Economic Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 1391-1407
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Davydov
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Energy Processes ◽  
New Infrastructure

This article aims to stress poignant energy problems that have arisen among indigenous population in the Arctic and Siberia in the early 21st century and acquired a systemic character within the process of globalization. Until now, the study of energy processes and the analysis of the use of natural resources by indigenous peoples were considered as two distinct areas of research, barely intersecting each other. This paper aims to deconstruct the border between them and to discuss the exploitation of resources by local population of the Arctic and Eastern Siberia in the context of contemporary industrial development projects, rationalization of local economic activities and introduction of new infrastructure, technologies and equipment

scholarly journals The rural population dynamics of in the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the post-Soviet period: general trends and geographical differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
A.N. Savvinova ◽  
◽  
V.V. Filippova ◽  
T.V. Litvinenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The authors investigate general trends and spatial differences in the rural population dynamics in the Arctic regions (uluses) of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in relation to the ethnic factor, features of economic activity and transport accessibility of the territory using statistical, comparative geographical, cartographic and field research methods. Against the general decline by more than a quarter of the rural population of the Yakutia Arctic regions in the post-Soviet period, they obseve significant geographical differences: from a reduction by more than half in the Allaikhovskiy and Verkhnekolymskiy uluses with the smallest share of the indigenous population and industrial and transport development to the population growth in the Olenekskiy and Eveno-Bytantayskiy uluses with the largest share of indigenous peoples and reindeer herding and fishing type of economic activity.

Co-Management by Indigenous Minorities of the North over Arctic Territories in the Period of Their Commercial Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Геннадий Чеботарев ◽  
Gyennadiy CHyebotaryev ◽  
Елена Гладун ◽  
Elena Gladun
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
The Russian Federation

The authors explain the significance of the presented subject by the current intensive industrial development of the Arctic territories of the Russian Federation and other Northern countries, which apart from positive economic and social benefits, also brings climate change, environmental problems and destroys traditional lifestyle and economy management of indigenous minorities of the North. The article proves that in many countries indigenous minorities of the North are interested not only in enforcement and guarantees of their rights on the part of the state, but also in making managerial decisions on the use and protection of territories which is the traditional place of their inhabitance and economic activity, together with government authorities and resource-users. The authors view co-management as an efficient model of interrelations between the state, local self-government and indigenous minorities of the North. The authors analyze international rules, foreign laws and regulations, and legislation of the Russian Federation that create legal framework for the implementation of the co-management model in the Arctic territories of Russia. In their article the authors indicate gaps in federal legislation in the area of protection of the Northern indigenous peoples’ rights to govern the territories of their traditional inhabitance and economic activity. In the end the authors state the possibilities to fill the gaps in the federal and regional legislation on the indigenous minorities’ rights, in particular, they suggest approving and ratifying international documents on indigenous peoples, including co-management norms, into the RF legislation, and also expanding possibilities of government and local authorities on indigenous minorities’ involvement into management over the Northern territories.

scholarly journals POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT WITH PERSISTENT TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND PREVENTION OF THEIR HARMFUL IMPACT ON THE HEALTH OF THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION RESIDING IN THE ARCTIC ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. G. Khurtsilava ◽  
V. P. Chashchin ◽  
A. V. Meltser ◽  
I. V. Dardynskaia ◽  
N. V. Erastova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Persistent Contaminants

The article presents results of cohort epidemiological studies conducted in the period from 2001 to 2010 among the indigenous population residing in Chukotka (ChAO) and Nenets (NAO) autonomous districts. The aim was to document temporal changes in blood concentrations of persistent contaminants that caused the serious health concern from the first Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) survey in 2001 “Persistent toxic substances, food security and indigenous peoples of the Russian North”. In monitored indigenous cohorts there have been measured blood concentrations of persistent contaminants including polychlorinated biphenyls (28/31; 52; 99; 101; 105; 118; 128; 138; 153; 156; 170; 180; 183 and 187); hexachlorocyclohexane (α, β, γ - isomers of HCH); oxychlordane (trans chlordane, cis-chlordane); DDT (2,4 DDE; 4,4 DDE; 2,4 DDD; 4,4 DDD; 2,4 DDT; 4,4 DDT); hexachlorobenzene (HCB); heptachlor; dieldrin; mirex; toxaphene (Par 26, the Par 50, the Par 62); PBDEs (28; 47; 100; 99; 153; 154; 183); metals (Cd, Pb, Hg). During 2003-2004 there was implemented a set of measures for the disposal and detoxification of local sources of persistent pollutants and reduction of the risk of associated health effects that had been recommended by the international AMAP expert panel. As a result of 2010 study a significant reduction in the average serum concentrations of DDT and DDE 4.4, as well as blood concentrations of lead was found to occur, they were observed only in men living in NAO. Changes in concentrations of a number of other persistent toxic substances (PTS) although show a tendency to decrease, but these changes failed to reach the level of statistical significance. The mean annual incidence rates of diseases associated with harmful impact of PTS, in particular, cancer, endocrine system diseases, congenital malformations, and immunodeficiency, unlike most of the other classes of diseases in the population showed a clear trend towards to the increase in the period of observation. Conclusion. The results obtained did not allow to confirm the sufficient effectiveness of implemented measures for the rehabilitation of residential areas both in Chukotka and NAO. The period of re-measuring blood concentrations of PTS was assumed not be appropriate due to longer half-life of many PTS studied. The health importance of long-range transboundary transport of PTS is likely to be also underestimated especially due to the observed high contamination of migrating of commercial species of wild birds, fish and marine animals that make up a significant part of the traditional diet of indigenous peoples of the North. There is need for the improvement of national biomonitoring as well as information systems for appropriate assessment, prediction and management of health risks associated with long-range biotransportation of PTS into the arctic food chains.

scholarly journals The specificity of geocultural images of the cold in folklore and literature of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia of the Soviet period

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Aitalina Akhmetovna Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Extensive Coverage ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negative Connotation

This article examines the specificity of geocultural images of the cold in folklore and literature of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia (Yukaghirs, Evens, Evenks, Yakuts) of the Soviet period. The goal consists in studying the specificity of geocultural images of the cold in folklore and literature of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia of the Soviet period and tracing the dynamics of development of such representations. The subject of this research is the geocultural images that characterize the attributes of cold, such as “cold”, “winter”, “snow”, “ice”, “permafrost”. The study leans on works of the scholars dedicated to examination of the folklore worldview, “northern text”, anthropology and conceptology of the cold, and the questions of mythopoeia. The author employs linguoculturological, cultural-historical, semiotic, and geopoetic approaches. The novelty of this research consists in comprehensive examination of the peculiarities of representations on geocultural images with attributes of the cold and extensive coverage of the folklore and literary material based on the folklore materials and literature of the Indigenous peoples of Yakutia of the Soviet period. It is revealed that the indigenous peoples of Yakutia have different representations on these natural phenomena. In the folklore worldview, the representations on the cold mostly have negative connotation. The Yakut national literature of the early XX century adhered to the canons of the traditional worldview, and since the second half of the XX century, the severe climate of the North started to be perceived as something unique and positive. The acquired results can be applied in the field of folklore studies, literary studies, and anthropology in examination of the peculiarities of cultural texts of the North and the Arctic.

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