scholarly journals Features of the diversity of hereditary diseases in different regions and multiethnic populations of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
Р.А. Зинченко ◽  
Е.К. Гинтер ◽  
С.И. Куцев
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Multiethnic Populations

Проведен анализ результатов генетико-эпидемиологических исследований наследственных болезней (НБ) в 14 регионах европейской части России, Юга России, Северного Кавказа, Волго-Уральского региона с суммарной численностью обследованного населения около 4 млн чел. Изучены пространственная изменчивость и генетическая гетерогенность НБ у населения различных регионов и в полиэтнических популяциях РФ. Выделены частые НБ, характерные как для всего населения конкретных регионов, так и заболевания, специфичные для отдельных этносов. Выявлена гетерогенность НБ в популяциях и этносах, как аллельная, так и локусная. Зарегистрированы ранее не описанные НБ, эндемичные для конкретных этносов. Показано, что в популяциях с различной этнической экстракцией каждый народ в своем генофонде сохранил специфический спектр, распространенность и генетическую природу НБ. Проведенный анализ позволил подойти к решению фундаментальной проблемы медицинской генетики - эволюции НБ в различных популяциях и этнических группах. The results of genetic and epidemiological studies of hereditary diseases (HD) in 14 regions of the European part of Russia, the South of Russia, the North Caucasus, the Volga-Ural region, with a total population of about 4 million people surveyed were analyzed. Spatial variability and genetic heterogeneity of HD in the population of different regions and in multi-ethnic populations of Russia have been studied. Frequent HD that are typical for the entire population of specific regions, as well as diseases specific to individual ethnic groups were identified. Significant heterogeneity of populations and ethnic groups, both allelic and locus, has been detected. Novel previously undescribed HD which are endemic for specific ethnic groups have been registered. It was shown that in populations with different ethnic extraction each ethnic group in its gene pool has preserved specific spectrum, prevalence and genetic nature of HD. Complex multifaceted analysis allowed us to approach the fundamental problem of medical genetics - the evolution of HD in different populations and ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Study of the features of the diversity of hereditary diseases in some populations of the North Caucasus

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-46
Author(s):  
Р.А. Зинченко ◽  
В.В. Кадышев ◽  
Г.И. Ельчинова ◽  
А.В. Марахонов ◽  
Т.А. Васильева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
European Part ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Different Populations

Изучены особенности распространения наследственных болезней (НБ) у населения Карачаево-Черкесской Республики (КЧР). Суммарная численность обследованной выборки - 410 368 человек, что составило более чем 86% от проживающих на территории региона. Оценена отягощенность городского и сельского населения 21 субпопуляции аутосомно-доминантной (АД), аутосомно-рецессивной (АР) и Х-сцепленной (Х-сц.) патологией. Средневзвешенное значение груза АД, АР и Х-сц. патологии у городского населения (1,46±0,08, 1,19±0,07 и 0,49±0,06, соответственно) более чем в два раза ниже, чем сельского (3,76±0,16, 2,57±0,13 и 1,34±0,13, соответственно). На основании корреляций между грузом НБ и основными популяционно-генетическими характеристиками в 21 субпопуляции предположено, что выявленная дифференциация в отягощенности населения НБ может объясняться действием эффективного дрейфа. Разнообразие выявленных НБ представлено 230 нозологическими формами: 128 АД заболеваний (954 больных из 578 семей), 73 АР болезней (718 пациентов из 589 семей) и 29 Х-сц. болезней (185 больных из 135 семей). Проведенный анализ разнообразия НБ в соответствии с частотой встречаемости показал, что 15 нозологических форм (АД, АР и Х-сц.) встретились с распространенностью чаще, чем 1:20000 населения, аккумулировав основную долю больных (50,31%, 68,66% и 65,95%, соответственно). Выявленные НБ являются частыми и для других популяций европейской части России, однако определены и различия по частоте встречаемости. Пятьдесят одно заболевание (22 с АД, 21 с АР и 8 с Х-сц. типами наследования) впервые зарегистрированы в генетико-эпидемиологических исследованиях по популяциям европейской части РФ. Большинство из них (78,43%) - редкие заболевания с распространенностью менее 1:200000. Сравнение нозологического спектра НБ в КЧР с ранее изученными популяциями европейской части РФ показал выраженную регион-специфичность и эндемичность 22 заболеваний (АД, АР и Х-сц.), которые встречаются значительно реже, либо вообще не встречаются в других популяциях РФ. The peculiarities of distribution of hereditary pathology (HP) in the population of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic (KChR). The total number of the surveyed sample is 410 368 people representing more than 86% of the population in the region. The load of AD, AR and X-linked pathology in urban and rural populations with 21 subpopulations is estimated. The weighted average value of the load of AD, AR and X-linked pathology in the urban population (1.46±0.08, 1.19±0.07 and 0.49±0.06, respectively) is more than twice lower than in the rural population (3.76±0.16, 2.57±0.13 and 1.34±0.13, respectively). Based on the correlations between the load of HP and the main population genetic characteristics in 21 subpopulations, it is assumed that the revealed differentiation in the load of HP in different populations could be explained by the effect of genetic drift. The variety of revealed HP is represented by 230 nosological forms: 128 with inheritance type AD (954 patients from 578 families), 73 with AR (718 patients from 589 families) and 29 with X-linked (185 patients from 135 families). The analysis of the diversity of HP in accordance with the frequency of diseases showed that 15 nosological forms (AD, AR and X-linked) with a prevalence of more than 1:20000 accumulate in the majority of patients (50.31%, 68.66% and 65.95%, respectively). The revealed HP are frequent for other populations of the European part of Russia, however, some peculiarities in occurrence are determined. Fifty one disease (22 with AD, 21 with AR and 8 with X-linked type of inheritance) were registered in genetic and epidemiological studies on populations of the European part of the Russia for the first time, most of which (78.43%) belong to the group of rare and identified with a prevalence of less than 1:200000. A comparative analysis of the nosological spectrum of HP with previously studied populations of the European part of the Russia showed that several HP demonstrated marked region-specificity and accumulation in the KChR - 22 diseases (AD, AR and X-linked), which are much rarer, or do not occur in other populations of the Russian Federation.

Problems of preserving the norms of Adyge khabz in the context of globalization (based on the materials of a sociological study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Z.Kh. Guchetl ◽  
◽  
O.I. Kuskarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
The North

In this article, the authors comprehend the moral and ethical phenomenon of "Adyge habz the problems of its preservation and development in modern society in the context of globalization. The study of traditions is undoubtedly relevant in modern conditions, when many ethnic groups persistently retain interest in past values, their origins and prospects. The authors note that this problem is relevant not only for the Adygs, but also for other peoples of the North Caucasus, which have their own analogues of national moral and ethical codes. Based on the results of the conducted sociological research, it is concluded that the role of Adyghism (adygag) in the system of traditional ethno-cultural values of the Adyghes has decreased, and therefore there is a need to revive and develop the national identity of the Adyghes.

scholarly journals New records of megachilid bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) from the North Caucasus and the south of European Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-331
Author(s):  
A.V. Fateryga ◽  
◽  
M.Yu. Proshchalykin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
European Part ◽  
European Russia ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
South Of European Russia

New data on 22 species of bees of the family Megachilidae from the North Caucasus and the south of European Russia are reported. Six species are new to Russia: Hoplitis curvipes (Morawitz, 1871), Osmia cinerea Warncke, 1988, O. ligurica Morawitz, 1868, O. cyanoxantha Pérez, 1879, Protosmia glutinosa (Giraud, 1871), and Coelioxys mielbergi Morawitz, 1880. Hoplitis turcestanica (Dalla Torre, 1896), sp. resurr. is treated as a distinct species, not a junior synonym of H. caularis (Morawitz, 1875). Megachile albocristata Smith, 1853 and M. alborufa Friese, 1911 are listed instead of previously recorded M. lefebvrei (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1841) and M. pyrenaica (Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1841), respectively. Fourteen new regional records are reported: seven species are new to the North Caucasus, five ones are new to the south of European Russia, and two species are new to the European part of Russia as a whole. The numbers of megachilid bee species currently known in Russia, the North Caucasus, and the south of European Russia are 217, 130, and 71, respectively. The lectotype of Osmia proxima Morawitz, 1875 is designated.

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE TEREK DISTRICT OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Anton V. Aver’yanov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
National Minorities

The article is devoted to the process and results of territorial self-determination of national minorities in the Terek district in 1924-1930 within the framework of the Soviet national construction. This problem has not yet found special coverage in the scientifi c literature. The study determined the nature and degree of infl uence of the geographical location of the Terek district and its ethno-social structure on the processes of administrative and territorial arrangement of national minorities. The features of settlement, social and religious structure of the largest ethnic groups are determined. The main priorities in the implementation of the policy of territorial separation of ethnic groups living in the region are indicated. The main criteria for creating national territorial entities, including Soviets of villages of the hill people and Soviets of villages of the Russian Cossacks, are highlighted. Projects on allocation of national districts and areas are analysed. Objective and subjective factors that hindered the implementation of these projects were identifi ed. It was proved that the national policy in the Terek district was subject to signifi cant adjustments due to local ethnic, social, cultural, economic and political specifi cs. It is noted that the ethnosocial structure of national minorities in the region was extremely heterogeneous. It was revealed that the Cossack factor continued to play an important role in the process of territorial self-determination of national minorities in the Terek district.

scholarly journals Ethnic Unrest and Its Determinants in Terms of the Irkutsk Society of the Pre-Soviet Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Sysoev
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Siberian Population ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Soviet Time ◽  
The Russian Empire

Specific criminal associations formed along ethnic lines on the territory of the Irkutsk Province had a direct impact on aggravation of social relations between various ethnic groups of the Siberian population. The article examines the features of implementing the corrective policy of autocracy in the context of development of the Eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire. On the basis of previously unpublished archival sources, the article reconstructs the events that accompanied the movement of criminals and socially unstable people from the territories of the North Caucasus to the Irkutsk Province and their further integration into the Siberian society. It contains a comprehensive analysis of the ethnic crime causes in Siberia, and the consequences of its manifestation in major administrative centers of the region.

Soil microbiome from postmining ecosystems from Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigory Gladkov ◽  
Anastasiia Kimeklis ◽  
Rustam Tembotov ◽  
Arina Kichko ◽  
Evgeny Andronov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Types ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Meadow Soil ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Gene Libraries ◽  
Different Types

<p>The soil microbiome is critical to the restoration of soils , destroyed by human activity. The dynamics of changes in the soil microbiome was investigated from the two overgrown gravel-sand quarry dumps in the North Caucasus (Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia). Samples were taken in the quarries of contrasting soil types (Calcareous Chernozem and Umbric Gleyic soils) under the various types of reclamation. Samples were taken from 10 points from a quarry with meadow soil and from 11 points from the Chernozem. The 16S ssu gene libraries were sequenced from soil DNA.The difference in microbiomes between the control points and the points where the soil is restored was statistically significant. The disturbed Gleyic soil is characterized by an increase in the representatives of Acidobacteria, for Chernozem of the genera <em>Niastella</em>, <em>Ramlibacter</em>, <em>Microvirga</em>. On the Umbric  Gleyic soil without reclamation, significant heterogeneity was shown, in contrast to Chernozem with different types of reclamation. In different soil types, the response of the soil microbiome to soil restoration was significantly different, which in turn should influence the choice of the strategy for the restoration of anthropogenically diturbed soils.</p>

scholarly journals Mainstream Russian Nationalism and the “State-Civilization” Identity: Perspectives from Below

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Matthew Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Cultural Nationalism ◽  
The State ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The North ◽  
Culture And Language

Abstract Based on more than 100 interviews in European Russia, this article sheds light on the bottom-up dynamics of Russian nationalism. After offering a characterization of the post-2012 “state-civilization” discourse from above, I examine how ordinary people imagine Russia as a “state-civilization.” Interview narratives of inclusion into the nation are found to overlap with state discourse on three main lines: (1) ethno-nationalism is rejected, and Russia is imagined to be a unique, harmonious multi-ethnic space in which the Russians (russkie) lead without repressing the others; (2) Russia’s multinationalism is remembered in myths of peaceful interactions between Russians (russkie) and indigenous ethnic groups (korennyye narodi) across the imperial and Soviet past; (3) Russian culture and language are perceived as the glue that holds together a unified category of nationhood. Interview narratives on exclusion deviate from state discourse in two key areas: attitudes to the North Caucasus reveal the geopolitical-security, post-imperial aspect of the “state-civilization” identity, while stances toward non-Slavic migrants in city spaces reveal a degree of “cultural nationalism” that, while sharing characteristics with those of Western Europe, is also based on Soviet-framed notions of normality. Overall, the article contributes to debates on how Soviet legacies and Russia’s post-imperial consciousness play out in the context of the “pro-Putin consensus.”

The Rise of the Russian Khalifat: The View from the Jihadist Side

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shlapentokh
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Ideal Society ◽  
The North ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractRussia, similar to many other parts of the globe, continues to be affected by terrorism, mostly since the beginning of the conflicts in the Caucasus. While started by the Chechens after the beginning of the First Chechen War (1994-1996), terrorism and resistance to Moscow in general soon moved outside Chechen borders, absorbing representatives from other ethnic groups of the Caucasus and beyond. As a result, what originally had been mostly a Chechen nationalist movement finally transformed itself into a multi-ethnic force where the liberation of Chechnya from Russian rule became just one aspect of the struggle. Moreover, nationalist-minded Chechens seemed to have moved to the margins of the resistance, for increasing numbers of the resistance members could well go to the official Chechen leadership. While nationalistic and, in a way, a moderate model of the Chechen resistance became increasingly unworkable, jihadism provided an increasingly acceptable modus operandi. To start with, jihadism emphasises an ideological, Muslim identity and discards any sense of ethnicity, nationalism in general, that separates Muslims from each other. Secondly, jihadism promulgates the creation of a universal Khalifat as the final goal. Khalifat is seen as the ideal society, in a way similar to that of the “thousand-year rule of Christ” and/or communism, each of which actually transcends history as it is known. All of this has led to the increasing influence of jihadists among the members of the Chechen resistance, and a final split between them and the nationalist-minded members of the resistance. This paper presents a detailed analytic account of the recent developments within the Chechen resistance, as well as the jihadist ideology, and terrorism in the North Caucasus and Russia in general.

scholarly journals Karachay-Balkarian as an object of the world of "things"

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Галина Викторовна Сёмина
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
The People ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The World ◽  
Homo Faber

В статье автор исходит из понимания феномена культуры (как в искусстве, так и в философии) как культуры, способной жить и развиваться только в одновременном диалоге с другими культурами, который В.С. Библер назвал «культурологическим парадоксом». В процессе проведенного исследования выстроено понимание того, что культура есть мир «вещей», основанный на диалоге их создателей не только с людьми настоящего, но и с последующими поколениями, так как рассказывают потомкам о мировоззрении прошедшей эпохи, о ценностях культуры предков, о мировидении создателей произведений. Автор считает этот аспект достаточно важным и значимым для решения проблем по дальнейшему сохранению культурного наследия народов Северного Кавказа в глобализирующемся мире, стремящемся к всеобщей унификации и нивелирующим тем самым самобытность культур этносов. Культурфилософский анализ предметов как «вещей» способствует выявлению их смыслов, несущих на себе печать человека как homo faber, как созерцателя и как пользователя, которому не только открыто их предназначение, но и без которого в принципе невозможно их существование. В качестве примера рассмотрены узорные карачаево-балкарские ковры - кийизы. Проведена сравнительная параллель между возможными интерпретациями орнаментальных мотивов жыйгыч кийизов - узких полосок, покрывавших полки в патриархальных жилищах этих этносов, и предполагаемым диалогом с Другим. Материал дает основание сделать вывод о том, что эти ковры-занавеси «читаются» по типу «культурного текста» - неких закодированных таким образом посланий предков. In the paper, the author proceeds from the understanding of the phenomenon of culture (both in art and in philosophy), as a culture capable of living and developing only in a simultaneous dialogue with other cultures, which V.S. Bibler called "a cultural paradox". In the process of the study, the understanding is built that culture is a world of "things", basing on the dialogue of their creators not only with the people of the present, but also with subsequent generations. They tell descendants about the worldview of the past era, about the values of ancestral culture, about the worldview of the creators of works. The author considers this aspect important and significant enough to solve the problems of further preserving the cultural heritage of the peoples of the North Caucasus in a globalizing world, striving for universal unification and thereby leveling the identity of ethnic cultures. Cultural-philosophical analysis of objects as "things" helps to identify their meanings, bearing the stamp of a human being, as a homo faber, as a contemplator and as a user, to whom not only their purpose is open, but also without which, in principle, their existence is impossible. The patterned Karachay-Balkarian rugs - kiyizes - are considered as an example. A comparative parallel was drawn between possible interpretations of the ornamental motifs of the zhyigych kiyizes -narrow strips covering shelves in the patriarchal dwellings of these ethnic groups, and the alleged dialogue with the Other. The material gives reason to conclude that these curtain rugs are "read" according to the type of "cultural text" which is a kind of coded message from the ancestors.

scholarly journals Turkic genetic component in the gene pool of the indigenous population of Dagestan

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-10
Author(s):  
В.Н. Харьков ◽  
А.А. Зарубин ◽  
И.Ю. Хитринская ◽  
М.О. Раджабов ◽  
С.С. Литвинов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Genetic Component ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North

Выявлен вклад тюркского по происхождению компонента в генофонд различных этносов Дагестана и Северного Кавказа, который присутствует не только у тюркоязычных популяций, но и у соседних с ними. В горных популяциях Дагестана, в отличие от равнинных, тюркский компонент практически полностью отсутствует. The contribution of Turkic genetic component to the gene pool of various ethnic groups of Dagestan and the North Caucasus, which is present not only in Turkic-speaking populations, but also in neighboring ones, is revealed. In the mountain populations of Dagestan, unlike the plains, the Turkic component is almost completely absent.

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