scholarly journals Creation of pollinating lines for carrots

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
А.В. Корнев ◽  
Л.М. Соколова ◽  
А.Н. Ховрин ◽  
В.И. Леунов ◽  
М.А. Косенко
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Selection Of

Селекцией моркови столовой в России занимаются ФГБНУ ФНЦО, Агрохолдинг «Поиск», ООО «Селекционная станция имени Н.Н. Тимофеева» и другие. Цель работы – подбор исходного материала и создание новых линий-опылителей моркови столовой с одновременной доработкой имеющихся в генетической коллекции ВНИИО-филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО. Исследования проводили в 2011-2019 годах в условиях Московской области на экспериментальной базе и в селекционном центре ВНИИО-филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО. Материалом для работы служили сорта и гибриды отечественной и иностранной селекции, селекционный материал, полученный от межлинейных и межсортовых скрещиваний. Селекционную работу проводили методом многократного инбридинга (до I3-4). По мере отработанности селекционного материала на устойчивость к альтернариозу и фузариозу, морфологическую выровненность, переходили на сибсовые скрещивания. Селекционный процесс по созданию новых линий-опылителей осуществлялся в питомнике исходного материала и селекционном питомнике. В результате селекционной работы было получено 14 новых линий-опылителей моркови столовой и доработаны 4 линии, имеющиеся в генетической коллекции ВНИИО-филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО. Большая часть линий-опылителей (5 шт.) принадлежит сортотипу Курода, четыре - Берликум/Нантская, по три – Берликум, Флакке, две – Шантенэ, одна – Нантская. Общая урожайность линий варьирует от 70,9 до 110,0 т/га. Наибольшую урожайность формировали линии 93-2, 98, 56-2. Значительные пределы содержания β-каротина (11,1 – 16,8 мг%) связаны с происхождением линий. Отмечено, что инбредные линии, полученные из исходного материала иностранной селекции содержат меньше β-каротина. Шесть линий относятся к позднеспелым, десять – к среднеспелым, две – к раннеспелым. В результате оценки инбредных линий по устойчивости к грибным болезням установлено, что 16 линий принадлежат к слабовосприимчивым на инфекционных и естественном фонах, две линии – средневосприимчивые: 805 – на инфекционном фоне Alternaria, REW – по двум инфекционным фонам. На естественном фоне все линии относятся к слабовосприимчивым. The selection of carrots in Russia is carried out by FSBSI FSVC, Agroholding «Poisk», LLC «Breeding station named after N.N. Timofeeva» and others. The purpose of the work is to select the initial material and create new pollinating lines for carrots with the simultaneous refinement of those in the genetic collection of the ARRIVG- a branch of the FSBSI FSVC. The studies were carried out in 2011-2019 in the conditions of the Moscow region on the experimental base and in the selection center of the ARRIVG - a branch of the FSBSI FSVC. The material for the work was varieties and hybrids of domestic and foreign selection, breeding material obtained from interline and intervarietal crosses. The breeding work was carried out by the method of multiple inbreeding (up to I3-4). As the breeding material worked out for resistance to Alternariaand Fusarium, morphological uniformity, they switched to sib crosses. The breeding process for the creation of new pollinator lines was carried out in the nursery of the source material and the breeding nursery. As a result of breeding work, 14 new lines-pollinators of carrots were obtained and 4 lines, which are available in the genetic collection of the ARRIVG- a branch of the FSBSI FSVC, were modified. Most of the pollinator lines (5 pcs.) belong to the Kuroda variety type, four - Berlikum/Nantes, three each - Berlikum, Flakke, two - Chantenay, one - Nantes. The total yield of the lines varies from 70.9 to 110.0 t/ha. The highest yield was formed by lines 93-2, 98, 56-2. Significant limits of β-carotene content (11.1 - 16.8 mg%) are associated with the origin of the lines. It was noted that inbred lines obtained from the source material of foreign selection contain less β-carotene. Six lines are late maturing, ten are mid-maturing, two are early maturing. As a result of the assessment of inbred lines for resistance to fungal diseases, it was found that 16 lines belong to weakly susceptible on infectious and natural backgrounds, two lines are moderately susceptible: 805 - according to the infectious background Alternaria, REW - according to two infectious backgrounds. On a natural background, all lines are weakly receptive.

Flower initiation in relation to maturity in crop plants. II. Internode lengthening in relation to grazing in oat varieties

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Experience has shown that certain oat varieties recover better than others after grazing. Sowings at, Melbourne in autumn 1958 and 1959 confirm that the varieties with superior recovery usually commence internode lengthening later than those with poor recox7ery. Poor recovery is due to damage of the main shoot caused by grazing after internode lengthening has begun. Factors which affect the time of internode lengthening include flower initiation and the time of sowing. In sowings between May and November (late autumn to late spring) elongation begins at or soon after initiation. It therefore occurs earlier in the early-maturing varieties (which initiate earlier) than in later ones. In sowings between December and April, some varieties, especially within the late maturity group, begin internode elongation before initiation. This reaction can be produced experimentally by high temperatures, especially when combined with photoperiods below 15 hr. In the selection of varieties for grazing, the factors to be considered are: (a) the length of growing season; (b) the time at which, and period over which, grazing is required; (c) the extent to which recovery after grazing is important. If a high total yield from a number of grazings is required, a variety with delayed internode lengthening should be chosen, the particular one selected being from a maturity group suited to the local growing season. However, if early grazing is required, a variety with rapid internode lengthening d l probably prove to be a better choice even though grazing may be at the expense of subsequent recovery.

scholarly journals Screening of Provitamin-A Maize Inbred Lines for Drought Tolerance Using β-carotene Content: Morphophysiological and Biochemical Traits

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleck Kondwakwenda ◽  
Julia Sibiya ◽  
Rebecca Zengeni ◽  
Cousin Musvosvi ◽  
Samson Tesfay
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Β Carotene

Provitamin A maize (Zea mays L.) biofortification is an ideal complementary means of combating vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in sub-Saharan Africa where maize consumption is high coupled by high VAD incidences. However, drought remains a major abiotic constraint to maize productivity in this region. Comprehensive drought screening of initial breeding materials before advancing them is important to achieve genetic gain. In this study, 46 provitamin-A inbred lines were screened for drought tolerance in the greenhouse and field under drought and optimum conditions using β-carotene content (BCC), grain yield (GY), and selected morphophysiological and biochemical traits. The results revealed that BCC, morphophysiological and biochemical traits were effective in discriminating among genotypes. Number of ears per plant (EPP), stomatal conductance (Gs), delayed leaf senescence (SEN), leaf rolling (RL), chlorophyll content (CC) and free proline content (PC) proved to be ideal traits to use when indirectly selecting for GY by virtue of having relative efficiency of indirect selection values that are greater than unity and considerable genetic variances under either or both conditions. The findings of this study form the basis of initial germplasm selection when improving provitamin A maize for drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Results of competitive variety testing of new squash varieties in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Sh. R. Aripova ◽  
S. I. Dusmuratova ◽  
R. A. Khakimov
Keyword(s):  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Variety Testing

The aim of the research is to breed short climbing, early maturing, high-yielding varieties of squash in the natural and climatic zone of Uzbekistan.Methods. The samples of squash 0044SQ (Holland) and BT+KB-001 (Turkey) were taken from the gene pool of the Research Institute of Plant Industry (Uzbekistan) in 2012 for breeding work. In 2013, squash samples were studied in the nursery of the source material, where they were evaluated for biological and economically valuable traits. Individual selection of plants was carried out. In further breeding work (2014-2016 and 2018), the lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916 were distinguished.Results. The method of analytical breeding created short-climbing, early maturing, high-yielding of squash lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916. Line LZ-2513 has rounded fruits of light green color. The LH-1916 variety has elongated, dark green fruits. Competitive variety trials of new lines were conducted in 2019-2020. Unumdor variety zoned in the republic served as a standard. It was found that from sprouting to maturity of the fruit in the line LZ-2513 is 44 days, in the line LH-1916 – 45 days. High marketable yield was recorded for squash line LZ-2513 – 18.3 tons/ha (122% of the standard); in line LH-1916 marketable yield was 16.4 tons/ha (112.4% of the standard). This year we organized the primary seed production of squash lines LZ-2513 and LH-1916 for multiplication.Conclusion. Promising for cultivation in conditions of Uzbekistan squash line LZ-2513 Orbita (NAP 20200087) and line LH-1916 Viridi (NAP 20200088) were submitted to the Intellectual Property Agency under the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Uzbekistan to be patented.

scholarly journals Selection of S3 progenies of super sweet corn based on agronomic performance of topcrosses

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
Nathany R Chiquito ◽  
Marcos V Faria ◽  
Elida Auxiliadora P Paiva ◽  
Emanuel Gava ◽  
Welton L Zaluski
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Topcross Hybrids ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to select S3 progenies of super sweet corn based on agronomic performance, evaluated in topcrosses with the narrow genetic base tester Honey Sweeter (Seminis®). The experiment was carried out in Guarapuava-PR. We evaluated 22 topcross hybrids and three checks, in two sowing times, in randomized blocks design with three replications. Six traits were evaluated: total yield of husked ears, commercial yield of husked ears, grain yield, grain length, ear diameter and total soluble solids content. Considering the set of evaluated traits, the topcrosses with progenies D2-07, D3-28, D4-53 and D5-24 were superior to the others; therefore, these progenies should continue in the inbreeding process and be evaluated in crosses with elite inbred lines with potential to generate competitive super sweet corn single hybrids.

FEED OF THE MERITS OF THE COLLECTOR'S SAMPLES OF BLUEGRASS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Malyuzhenets ◽  
Nikolay Kozlov ◽  
Evgenia Malyuzhenets ◽  
Tatyana Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Standard Collection ◽  
Euclidean Distances ◽  
Reliable Correlation ◽  
Selection Of

The research was carried out in the field at the Central experimental base of the «Federal Williams Research Center» The object of research were 32 samples of bluegrass. Samples are sown according to the scheme of a standard collection nursery. All studies and observations were carried out on the herbage of the 4th year of life. Statistical processing of the research results revealed the average level of variation of signs. Several reliable correlation dependences have been revealed, which can be used as indirect signs in the evaluation and selection of promising breeding material. Multivariate analysis showed that in the bluegrass sample, there are 4 clusters (genetically heterogeneous groups), which can be used for selection on the combinational ability and consolidation of selection — valuable traits and properties. Samples of Kentucky (USA) and Balin (Germany) had the maximum superiority (distance), when paired comparison of Euclidean distances. The use of these samples with a high probability promises to obtain perspective breeding material.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF FAST-RIPENING SAMPLES OF THE STAMPING VARIETY OF TOMATO IN THE DRY SUBTROPICS CONDITIONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
N. J. Nurmatov ◽  
E. A. Jumayev
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Small Fruit ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Early Harvest ◽  
Selection Of

The excretion and inculcation of stamped varieties of tomato and hybrids into production are of particular value in conditions of dry subtropics. In this regard, during 2013-2015 in the Surkhandarya Scientific Experimental Station of the Research Institute of Vegetable and Melon Crops and Potatoes, a collection of tomato strains was studied for biological and economic precocity, maturity, etc. For the duration of the «young growthflowering» period, the best were No.86, Yamal, GemState, and Sever. Blooming on the first brush, they come in 8-13 days before the standard variety. The Argo, Chelnyok, Ion-N, Alpatyeva 905а, L-923-92 samples with a duration of 38-40 days have a short period of «flowering-ripening». Maturation of the first fruit (fetus) occurs 1-3 days earlier than the standard. By weight of the fetus, the samples studied can be divided into two groups: medium fruit (61-93 g) – L-923-92, Argo; small fruit (28-58 g) – GemState, Ion-N, Sever, Nevsky, etc., only 10 samples. The total yield varies from 16.4 to 55.5 t/ha, depending on the variety. Samples No.86 and Chelnok are 7.7 and 12.3% higher than the standard for the general harvest. The lowest overall yield is GemState, Ion-N, Sever, Nevsky, Yamal, Argo, L-923-2, with a yield of 16.4-34.1 t/ha, which is 33.2- 69.0% of the standard. The only sample No.86 for the early harvest is 32% higher than the standard. As a result of the study and a comprehensive assessment of tomato stamping varieties, the biologically early ripened ones are Sever, Nevsky, Ion-N, Otradny, GemState, the sprouting-maturing period of which is 95-99 days; economically early ripened – No.86; amity of ripening of samples – Yamal, Sever, Ion-N, Nevsky, Stamped Alpatyeva 905a, GemState, with maturity ripeness from 69 to 90%. They are a valuable source material for selection of stamped, early-ripening, amity of ripening varieties of tomato for dry subtropics conditions of Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Heterosis and Combining Ability for Fruit Yield, Sweetness, β-Carotene, Ascorbic Acid, Firmness and Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) Involving Genetic Male Sterile Lines

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Simranpreet Kaur ◽  
Sat Pal Sharma ◽  
Navraj Kaur Sarao ◽  
Jaideep Kaur Deol ◽  
Rupeet Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Β Carotene

Ten genetically diverse inbred lines, including two genic male sterile lines, of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were crossed in a half-diallel to generate 45 F1 hybrids. These hybrids, along with the parental lines and commercial check, were evaluated for their fruit yield, level of phytochemicals and Fusarium wilt resistance. Both additive and non-additive genetic variances were important in governing the expression of all of the traits; however, the additive gene action for the fruit weight (g), flesh thickness (cm), rind thickness (mm), firmness (lb inch−2), β-carotene content (mg/100 g), non-additive variance for fruit yield (t ha−1), fruit number, total soluble solids (TSS, °Brix), ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) and reaction to Fusarium wilt were comparatively more important. The parental line MM-625 was the best general combiner for fruit yield, rind thickness and β-carotene content (mg/100 g). The exotic line Riogold was the best combiner for flesh thickness and firmness. The netted inbred line MM-610 was the best general combiner for fruit weight, ascorbic acid and reaction to Fusarium wilt. The inbred lines KP4HM-15 and MM-916 were the best general combiners for the number of fruits per vine and TSS. The best cross-combinations for fruit yield ha−1 and TSS were MS-1×M-610 and Kajri×MM-904, respectively. The hybrids KP4HM-15×MM Sel-103 and KP4HM-15×MM-1831 recorded the highest standard heterosis for fruit yield and TSS. The landrace-derived inbred lines Kajri, MM Sel-103 and KP4HM-15 produced moderate-to-highly FW-resistant hybrids. Out of the 121 SSR markers applied, 70 exhibited parental polymorphism. The markers DM0561, CMAAAGN14, TJ147, CMMS35_3, CMAGN45 and DE1337 identified specific/unique alleles in certain parental genotypes. Thus, the findings of this study revealed that the novel inbred lines can effectively be combined to generate heterotic F1 hybrids for yield and other traits, such as rind and flesh thickness, TSS, β-carotene content and firmness. Furthermore, SSR markers can potentially be utilized to confirm the genetic diversity among the parental lines, and for the DNA fingerprinting of F1 hybrids.

WINTER WHEAT DEVELOPED BY THE UDMURT RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE IN COMPETITIVE VARIETY TESTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
I.V. TORBINA ◽  
◽  
I.R. FARDEYEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Rotation Pattern ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Variety Testing ◽  
Made In ◽  
Research Institute

The paper assesses the promising varieties of winter wheat in a competitive variety test by the main economic and biological characteristics that determine the suitability of the variety for commercial use. The object of research was the authors’ own breeding material. The experiments on the selection of winter wheat were made in the experimental crop rotation pattern of the Institute.

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