Grain aeration by flush floor ducts with perforated sectional panels.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю. Дондоков ◽  
И. Аммосов ◽  
В. Дринча
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Equipment Investment ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Principles Of Design

Экспериментальные исследования по аэрированию зерна проводились в основном в условиях хозяйств Ивановской области в 2015 2018 годах. Целью данной статьи является обоснование основных положений аэрирования зерна перфорированными напольными секционными покрытиями. Выбор систем аэрирования, а также их конструктивнотехнологических параметров в первую очередь зависит от предполагаемых задач, решаемых аэрированием, типа складских помещений, объёмов и вида зерна, наличия погрузочноразгрузочного оборудования, продолжительности хранения зерна, инвестиционных возможностей вложения в оборудование. Полностью перфорированные полы обеспечивают наиболее эффективное распределение воздуха в зерновой насыпи складских помещений. Данное конструктивное решение является наиболее оптимальным для напольных сушилок, но в то же время оно является и наиболее дорогостоящим. Подпольные каналы (ПК) с перфорированными напольными секционными покрытиями (ПНСП) обычно применяются для аэрирования зерна в складах и зерновых силосах. Основным технологическим преимуществом данного конструктивного решения является возможность применения традиционно используемого погрузочноразгрузочного оборудования, а также минимальные затраты людских ресурсов. В статье представлены технологические основы аэрации зерна атмосферным воздухом подпольными каналами с перфорированными напольными секционными покрытиями, а также обобщены результаты современных зарубежных исследований. Определены основные принципы проектирования и технологические режимы аэрирования путем применения ПК и ПНСП. Материалы статьи могут служить основой для разработки рекомендаций по аэрированию зерна в условиях зернопроизводящих хозяйств, а также на элеваторах и в других организациях, связанных с обработкой и хранением зерна. Investigations on grain aeration took place in the Ivanovo region in 2015 2018. The goal was to describe the process of grain aeration through the perforated sectional panels. An optimal aeration system depends on objectives, storage facility, grain quantity and type, availability of handling devices, duration of a storage period and equipment investment. Fully perforated panels allow the most effective air distribution in grain mass. They are the most optimal for the onfloor dryers but also very expensive. Floor ducts with perforated sectional panels are usually used when aerating grain in stores and grain silage. The main advantage of this system is the use of handling devices and low labor costs. The article focuses on the application of floor ducts with the perforated sectional panels for grain aeration by atmospheric air and reviews modern foreign experiments. It presents the main principles of design and technological aeration modes. The content of this work can be used for the development of regulations on grain aeration.

Comparison of the efficiency of large-scale ceramic and membrane aeration systems with the dynamic off-gas method

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Libra ◽  
A. Schuchardt ◽  
C. Sahlmann ◽  
J. Handschag ◽  
U. Wiesmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Membrane Aeration ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Oxygen Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Aeration Efficiency ◽  
Period Measurement

The aeration systems of two full-scale activated sludge basins were compared over 2.5 years under the same operating conditions using dynamic off-gas testing. Only the material of the diffuser was different, membrane vs. ceramic tube diffusers. The experimental design took the complexity and dynamics of the system into consideration. The investigation has shown that, although the membrane diffusers have higher initial standard oxygen transfer efficiency (SOTE) and standard aeration efficiency (SAE), these decreased over time, while the SAE of the ceramic diffusers started lower, but increased slightly over the whole period. Measurement of air distribution in the basins along with dissolved oxygen concentration profiles have provided important information on improving process control and reducing energy costs. The results show that dynamic off-gas testing can effectively be used for monitoring the aeration system and to check design assumptions under operating conditions. The information can be used to improve the design of new aeration systems or in retro-fitting existing basins.

scholarly journals Prediction of the maximum temperature inside container with spent nuclear fuel

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
S. Alyokhina ◽  
О. Dybach ◽  
A. Kostikov ◽  
D. Dimitriieva
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Decay Heat ◽  
Fuel Storage ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Cooling Air

The definition of the thermal state of containers with spent nuclear fuel is important part of the ensuring of its safe storage during all period of storage facility operation. The this work all investigations are carried out for the storage containers of spent nuclear fuel of WWER-1000 reactors, which are operated in the Dry Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility in Zaporizhska NPP. The analysis of existing investigations in the world nuclear engineering science concerning to the prediction of maximum temperatures in spent nuclear fuel storage container is carried out. The absence of studies in this field is detected and the necessity of the dependence for the maximum temperature in the storage container and temperature of cooling air on the exit of ventilation duct from variated temperatures of atmospheric air and decay heat formulation is pointed out. With usage of numerical simulation by solving of the conjugate heat transfer problems, the dependence of maximum temperatures in storage container with spent nuclear fuel from atmospheric temperature and decay heat is detected. The verification of used calculation method by comparison of measured air temperature on exit of ventilation channels and calculated temperature of cooling air was carried out. By regression analysis of numerical results of studies the dependence of ventilation air temperature from the temperature of atmospheric air and the decay heat of spent nuclear fuel was formulated. For the obtained dependence the statistical analysis was carried out and confidence interval with 95% of confidence is calculated. The obtained dependences are expediently to use under maximum temperature level estimation at specified operation conditions of spent nuclear fuel storage containers and for the control of correctness of thermal monitoring system work.

scholarly journals ADVANCED SOLUTION FOR IMPROVING THE SAFETY OF AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT WHEN STORAGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
К.А. ЗАБАРА ◽  
А.В. ШЕМЯКИН ◽  
В.В. ТЕРЕНТЬЕВ ◽  
К.П. АНДРЕЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Open Area ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Entire Storage Period

Проблема и цель. В настоящее время сельскохозяйственную технику (СХТ) принято хранить в закрытых помещениях, под навесом и на открытых обустроенных площадках. Однако указанные технологии хранения СХТ не могут обеспечить оптимальных условий хранения и имеют низкую степень экономической эффективности. Цель исследований – экспериментальное обоснование и практическая реализация нового способа хранения СХТ на открытой площадке с применением экспериментальной конструкции активного теплового укрытия (АТУ). Методология. В исследованиях проводилось сравнение с показателями трех наиболее распространенных способов хранения СХТ, а именно хранения в закрытом помещение, под навесом и на открытой обустроенной площадке. Объектами изучения в процессе длительного хранения были зерновые сеялки СЗУ-3,6 в количестве четырех единиц. Процесс хранения четырех единиц зерновых сеялок СЗУ-3,6 осуществлялся следующим образом: 1 ед. СХТ на открытой площадке, 1 ед. СХТ под навесом, 1 ед. СХТ в закрытом помещении и 1 ед. СХТ на открытой площадке с применением экспериментальной конструкции АТУ. Результаты. Анализ показал, что предлагаемый способ хранения СХТ на открытой площадке с применением экспериментальной конструкции АТУ требует меньших вложений на обустройство места хранения, не требует дополнительных трудозатрат и материальных ресурсов на подготовку объекта СХТ к хранению, а общие затраты на подготовку и хранение изолируемого объекта СХТ сравнимы с затратами на хранение его в закрытом помещении. Заключение. Применение экспериментальной конструкции АТУ является более рациональным способом обеспечения надежной сохранности изолируемого объекта СХТ от воздействия на него окружающей среды на весь период хранения. Problem and purpose. Currently, agricultural machinery (AM) is usually stored in closed rooms, under a canopy and in open equipped areas. However, the indicated storage technologies for AM cannot provide optimal storage conditions and have a low degree of economic efciency. The purpose of the research is the theoretical substantiation and practical implementation of a new method of AM storage in an open area using an experimental design of an active thermal shelter (ATSh). Methodology. The studies included a comparison with indicators of the three most common methods of AM storage, namely storage in a closed room, under a canopy and in an open equipped area. The objects of the study in the process of long-term storage were 4 grain seeders SZU-3.6. The storage process for four units of grain seeders SZU-3.6 was carried out as follows: 1 unit was in the open area, 1 unit was under a canopy, 1 unit was indoors and 1 unit was in an open area using an experimental design of ATSh. Results. The analysis showed that the proposed method of AM storage in an open area with the use of an experimental design of ATSh requires less investment in arranging the storage site, does not require additional labor and material resources to prepare the storage facility for storage, and the total costs of preparing and storing an isolated storage facility are comparable to the cost of storing it indoors. Conclusion. The use of the experimental design of ATSh is a more rational way to ensure the reliable safety of the insulated object of AM from the efects of the environment on it for the entire storage period.

scholarly journals DESIGNING OF A VARIABLE VOLUME COLD STORE

AGROFOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap AKDEMIR
Keyword(s):  
Storage Period ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Moving Wall ◽  
Cold Store ◽  
Side Walls

Cold stores do not work for all time as full loaded during storage period. There isalways empty space when cold store is not fully loaded. Unnecessary energy isconsumed because this empty volume must be cooled even there isn’t any storedagricultural product. In this study a system was developed to adjust cold storevolume according to the amount of stored agricultural product. Therefore, effectivevolume of the cold store where agricultural product stored will only be cooled andenergy saving will be established. In addition, better cold air distribution will beestablished in the cold store and the quality of product will also be better preserved.Developed system is a moving wall-door system located inside of the cold store. Itcan be moved automatically. Sliding-wall door system can be moved by anelectrical engine on a rail located at side walls. Leakage of cold air is prevented bya silicone seal balloon. The silicone seal balloon is located all-around of the slidingwall-door. The sliding wall change volume of cold store due to amount of storedproduct. Sliding wall-door system is a new approach for manufacturing of coldstorage. This system will not be used only for new cold stores, but also can be usedfor old cold stores. Energy saving is expected by using developed system in coldstores. Submission of Petit patent for this developed system was approved byTurkish Patent Institute.

Storage of Human Blood Platelets

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R Hardeman ◽  
Carina J L. Heynens
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Serotonin Uptake ◽  
Hypotonic Shock ◽  
Glycolytic Intermediates

SummaryStorage experiments were performed at 4°, 25° and 37° C with platelet-rich plasma under sterile conditions. In some experiments also the effect of storing platelets at 4° C in whole blood was investigated.Before, during and after three days of storage, the platelets were tested at 37° C for their serotonin uptake and response to hypotonic shock. In addition some glycolytic intermediates were determined.A fair correlation was noticed between the serotonin uptake and hypotonic shock experiments. Both parameters were best maintained at 25° C. Also platelet counting, performed after the storage period, indicated 25° C as the best storage temperature. Determination of glycolytic intermediates did not justify any conclusion regarding the optimal storage temperature. Of the various anticoagulants studied, ACD and heparin gave the best results as to the serotonin uptake and hypotonic shock response, either with fresh or stored platelets. The use of EDTA resulted in the lowest activity, especially after storage.The results of these storage experiments in vitro, correspond well with those in vivo reported in the literature.

Additional nutritional considerations for preconditioning beef calves.

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipe Moriel
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Supplemental Feed ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Daily Gain

Calves can be preconditioned using a wide variety of supplemental feed ingredients. However, feed ingredient selection is not the only factor to consider during a preconditioning process. Increasing the protein supply to stressed, preconditioning beef steers led to greater growth performance, and increased immune response to vaccination during a 42-day preconditioning period. Producers should not reduce the frequency of concentrate supplementation during the entire preconditioning period as it might lead to poorer vaccine response and average daily gain (consequently, less calf value at sale). However, a gradual reduction of frequency of supplementation is a supplementation strategy that can overcome these negative effects on growth and immunity, and allows producers to save on feeding and labor costs without producing lighter calves that have weaker immune responses.  

EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L) SEBAGAI PENGAWET ALAMI PADA IKAN LELE DUMBO (Clarias gariephinus) SEGAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Dyah Anggraeni ◽  
Nurlela Nurlela
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Natural Preservatives ◽  
Colony Counter

Background: Natural preservatives are compounds produced by natural ingredients that can suppress bacterial growth and development. Natural preservatives are carried out because most of the preservatives circulating are chemicals and unsafe for the body. One of the natural preservatives is by using garlic extract (Allium sativum L).  Objective: This study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of the antibacterial garlic (Allium sativum L) as a natural preservative in fresh African catfish (Clarias gariepinus).  Method: This research used the Pour Plate iroculation method. African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) which is soaked with garlic (Allium sativum L) with a concentration of 7%, 14% and 21% for 30 minutes, then the fish will be kept at room temperature with a storage period of 24 hours and 48 hours and calculated growth in bacterial numbers with the Colony counter.  Result: Based on the research result, it was found that garlic extract (Allium sativum L) can obstruct the effectiveness of antibacterial in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at a concentration of 14%.

Translucent Glass Roofs For Large-Span Coverings

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Main Bearing ◽  
Large Span ◽  
Glass Panels ◽  
Technical Properties ◽  
Internal Volume ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
Smoke Removal

The article deals with the issues of glass use in the enclosing structures of large-span coverings, which have such advantages as ensuring the penetration of natural light, tightness, minimum labor costs for repair and maintenance. Design shortcomings: the high cost, the need for protection of the internal volume against the penetrating sun rays in the warm season (hothouse effect); arrangement of devices for operation of a roof. The key technical properties and characteristics of glass panels and pane-glass sets, constructive decisions, including interface to the main bearing structures of a large-span covering are given. Peculiarities of their design with due regard for ventilation and smoke removal, a drainage of condensate, ways of fight against frosting and snow drifts on the roof are reflected. Features of the account of loadings, the basic approaches to their calculation are considered. Various design solutions for the spatial metal trussed systems with the original nodal connections are presented. Information on modern solutions of translucent roofs using glass for large-span coverings is given.

WET BURNING – THE MODERN TREND IN ENVIRONMENTAL BENIGN FUEL COMBUSTION AND IN SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POWER GENERATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 96-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Chemical Kinetics ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Furnace Chamber ◽  
Modern Trend ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
No Formation

The article considers the role and place of water and water vapor in combustion processes with the purpose of reduction the effluents of nitrogen oxides and carbon oxide. We have carried out the complex of theoretical and computational researches on reduction of harmful nitrogen and carbon oxides by gas fuel combustion in dependence on humidity of atmospheric air by two approaches: CFD modeling with attraction of DRM 19 chemical kinetics mechanism of combustion for 19 components along with Bowman’s mechanism used as “postprocessor” to determine the [NO] concentration; different thermodynamic models of predicting the nitrogen oxides NO formation. The numerical simulation of the transport processes for momentum, mass and heat being solved simultaneously in the united equations’ system with the chemical kinetics equations in frame of GRI methane combustion mechanism and NO formation calculated afterwards as “postprocessor” allow calculating the absolute actual [CO] and [NO] concentrations in dependence on combustion operative conditions and on design of furnace facilities. Prediction in frame of thermodynamic equilibrium state for combustion products ensures only evaluation of the relative value of [NO] concentration by wet combustion the gas with humid air regarding that in case of dry air – oxidant. We have developed the methodology and have revealed the results of numerical simulation of impact of the relative humidity of atmospheric air on harmful gases formation. Range of relative air humidity under calculations of atmospheric air under impact on [NO] and [CO] concentrations at the furnace chamber exit makes φ = 0 – 100%. The results of CFD modeling have been verified both by author’s experimental data and due comparing with the trends stated in world literature. We have carried out the complex of the experimental investigations regarding atmospheric air humidification impact on flame structure and environmental characteristics at natural gas combustion with premixed flame formation in open air. The article also proposes the methodology for evaluation of the nitrogen oxides formation in dependence on moisture content of burning mixture. The results of measurements have been used for verification the calculation data. Coincidence of relative change the NO (NOx) yield due humidification the combustion air revealed by means of CFD prediction has confirmed the qualitative and the quantitative correspondence of physical and chemical kinetics mechanisms and the CFD modeling procedures with the processes to be studied. A sharp, more than an order of reduction in NO emissions and simultaneously approximately a two-fold decrease in the CO concentration during combustion of the methane-air mixture under conditions of humidification of the combustion air to a saturation state at a temperature of 325 K.

Electrical Characteristics of Atmospheric Air Corona Plasma by Multi-pin Electrodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Khanit Matra ◽  
Yottana Tanakaran ◽  
Teerawat Temponsub ◽  
Suphanat Nimbua ◽  
Phanuwat Thab-in ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Corona Plasma
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