Biology of alfalfa ensiling by lactic acid bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ю. Победнов ◽  
А. Мамаев ◽  
М. Широкоряд
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Fodder Production ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Storage

Исследования проводили на базе ФНЦ ВИК им. В. Р. Вильямса . В опытах изучали особенности биохимических и микробиологических процессов, протекающих при силосовании провяленной массы люцерны с препаратом молочнокислых бактерий Биотроф , а также влияние препарата Биотроф на сохранность и биохимические показатели силоса. В качестве сырья для силосования использовали люцерну изменчивую сорта Пастбищная 88, убранную в фазу бутонизации, которую предварительно в течение 5 ч провяливали в прокосах до содержания сухого вещества 38,06. Выявлены биологические особенности силосования провяленной люцерны с молочнокислыми заквасками. Они сводятся к тому, что, в отличие от силосования провяленных злаковых трав, силосование провяленной люцерны сопровождается более благоприятным процессом брожения. В результате подкисление такой массы препаратами молочнокислых бактерий приводит к заметному сокращению потерь питательных веществ и увеличению энергетической питательности сухого вещества полученного корма. Следует отметить и высокую интенсивность протеолиза, сопровождающегося накоплением большого количества аммиака в первую фазу силосования люцерны. Так как буферное действие аммиака в значительной мере зависит от степени подкисления массы, то увеличение скорости подкисления провяленной люцерны под влиянием внесённых препаратов молочнокислых бактерий служит решающим условием получения корма, стабильного при хранении. Немаловажно и то, что стимуляция молочнокислого брожения приводит к тому, что в люцерне, наряду с сахаром, сбраживается и образовавшаяся в большом количестве при её провяливании яблочная кислота, что усиливает подкисление корма. Необходимо отметить и наличие в силосе из провяленной люцерны большого количества некультивируемых, а следовательно, и неизвестных к настоящему времени бактерий. Последние устойчивы к высокой кислотности и при внесении молочнокислых заквасок могут доминировать в силосе в течение длительного периода, оказывая влияние на его биохимические показатели. The investigations took place at the Federal Williams Research Center of Fodder Production and Agroecology. The research focused on silage biochemistry, microbiology, and storage as affected by lactic acid bacteria of the Biotrof preparation. Pastbishchnaya 88 alfalfa was used for ensiling. Harvesting happened at the budding stage. Alfalfa mass was left to dry for 5 hours until dry matter (DM) content reached 38.06. Alfalfa ensiling with lactic acid bacteria induced certain biological processes. In contrast to gramineous, fermentation of air-dried alfalfa was more effective. Application of lactic acid bacteria reduced nutrient loss and increased DM energy content in forage. Intensive proteolysis led to accumulation of high concentrations of NH3 at the first ensiling stage. Since the ability of NH3 to stabilize a reaction depends on mass acidity, rapid production of lactic acid is crucial for effective storage of silage obtained. Active accumulation of malic acid in air-dried alfalfa mass reduces forage pH as it gets converted into lactic acid together with sugar. There is also a high concentration of unknown bacteria in alfalfa silage. They are resistant to low pH and can dominate lactic acid bacteria for a long period, affecting silage biochemistry.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Fermentation Parameters and Bacterial Community in High-Moisture Alfalfa Silage with or without Lactic Acid Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Shanshan Zhao ◽  
Fengyuan Yang ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Xiaomiao Fan ◽  
Changsong Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Acid Accumulation ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

The aim of this study was to gain deeper insights into the dynamics of fermentation parameters and the bacterial community during the ensiling of high-moisture alfalfa. A commercial lactic acid bacteria (YX) inoculant was used as an additive. After 15 and 30 days of ensiling, the control silage (CK) exhibited a high pH and a high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N); Enterobacter and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium were the dominant genera. At 60 d, the pH value and the concentration of NH3-N in CK silage increased compared with 15 and 30 d, propionic acid and butyric acid (BA) were detected, and Garciella had the highest abundance in the bacterial community. Compared with CK silage, inoculation of YX significantly promoted lactic acid and acetic acid accumulation and reduced pH and BA formation, did not significantly reduce the concentration of NH3-N except at 60 d, and significantly promoted the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of Garciella and Anaerosporobacter, but did not significantly inhibit the growth of Enterobacter and Hafnia-Obesumbacterium. In conclusion, high-moisture alfalfa naturally ensiled is prone to rot. Adding YX can delay the process of silage spoilage by inhibiting the growth of undesirable microorganisms to a certain extent.

Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of probiotic Bulgarian yoghurts obtained by ultrafiltration of goat’s milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Dushkova ◽  
Siyka Kodinova ◽  
Zapryana Denkova ◽  
Velichka Yanakieva ◽  
Nikolay Dimitrov Menkov
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Goat’S Milk ◽  
Goat's Milk

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the microbiological (number of viable lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria), physicochemical (dry matter, protein and fat contents, titratable acidity, and pH), and sensory characteristics (appearance of coagulum, taste and aroma, structure at cutting, color, and consistency at shattering) of probiotic Bulgarian yoghurts obtained by ultrafiltration of goat’s milk. These yoghurts were obtained using volume reduction ratios of 2 and 3 with the probiotic starters MZ2f, MZ2f + Bifidobacterium bifidum BB – 87, and MZ2f + Lactobacillus acidophilus LAB – 8. The increase in the level of the concentration by ultrafiltration led to an increase in the dry matter, protein and fat contents of the yoghurts, in the number of lactic acid bacteria and titratable acidity, and to a decrease in the pH. The twofold concentration by ultrafiltration resulted in a higher number of lactic acid bacteria in comparison with yoghurts made without ultrafiltration, and with better sensory characteristics compared to yoghurts without and with threefold ultrafiltration. The higher number of viable cells and better sensory characteristics were obtained for yoghurts with MZ2f + Bifidobacterium bifidum BB – 87 and MZ2f + Lactobacillus acidophilus LAB – 8 in comparison with MZ2f alone.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kandungan Nutrisi Pakan dan Daya Hambat Tepung Biji Asam Kandis (Gracinia cowa) sebagai Bahan Pakan Unggas

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Febri Puska Padang ◽  
Osfar Sjofjan ◽  
Edhy Sudjarwo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Inhibitory Bacteria

Kandis acid (Gracinia cowa) has been used for cooking, medicine, beauty, etc., but using of seeds has not been profitable so it was wasted. Seeds can be used as a fitobiotic to replace antibiotics or as feed ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the food ingredient and the inhibitory of bacteria on kandis seeds flour. This research was conducted by laboratory experiments using Kandis seeds flour as a material, analysis proximate used to represent the composition of feedstuft, bioactive used test flavonoid quantitaf seconder and the inhibitory test with hollow diffusion methode. The results of the test were dry matter 89.11%, crude fat 4.77, fiber 18.57, crude protein 0.99, tannin 0.29%, GE 5244 kcal / kg, Ca 0.72%, P 0, 22%, flavonoids 0.44%, density 413 g / mL. The smallest inhibitory bacteria produced by lactic acid bacteria then Salmonella and Escherichia coli. The food ingredient represented that value Kandis acid seeds flour can be used as food and there are bacterial inhibitory by the activity of flavonoids and tannins. The conclusion is the kandis acid seeds have potential as feed ingredients and phytobiotics Keywords: gracinia cowa, flavonoid, proximate analysis, inhibition

scholarly journals Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and selected fecal microbiota are improved by β-glucan supplementation in weaner pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-779
Author(s):  
Xin Jian Lei ◽  
Hyeok Min Yun ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Weaner Pigs ◽  
Blood Profiles

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary β-glucan supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, and fecal characteristics in weaner pigs. A total of 140 weaner pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight of 6.37±1.14 kg were allotted to one of the following dietary treatments: 1) negative control (NC, basal diet); 2) positive control (PC, basal diet supplemented with 39 ppm Tiamulin); 3) basal diet supplemented with 0.1% β-glucan (G1); 4) basal diet supplemented with 0.2% β-glucan (G2). During days 22 to 42 and 1 to 42, pigs offered PC and G2 diets grew faster than those offered NC diet (P<0.05). Additionally, during the same periods, pigs fed G2 and PC diets exhibited improved gain:feed ratio compared to pigs receiving NC and G1 diets (P<0.05). Pigs fed G2 diet exhibited higher coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter than those fed NC diet (P<0.05). There were no differences on blood profiles, fecal scores, fecal moisture, and fecal pH (P>0.05). Fecal lactic acid bacteria counts in G2 treatment were higher compared with PC and NC treatments (P<0.05). Coliform bacteria concentrations were decreased in pigs fed PC and G2 diets compared with those fed NC diet (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that dietary supplementation of 0.2% β-glucan can improve growth performance and dry matter digestibility, increase fecal lactic acid bacteria concentration but decrease fecal coliform bacteria concentration in weaner pigs.

scholarly journals Lack of evidence of IgE allergic sensitisation from working with lactic acid bacteria in the dairy foods industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-357
Author(s):  
Coralie Barrera ◽  
Gabriel Reboux ◽  
Audrey Laboissière ◽  
Laurence Millon ◽  
Anne Oppliger
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Ige Response

This research communication aimed to evaluate the level of immunoglobulin E from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that are used in dairy industries. Previous studies have demonstrated that workers report symptoms of irritation and are frequently IgG-sensitised to LAB. Workers (n = 44) from a probiotic production unity and the control lab were seen by a medical practitioner and responded to an occupational questionnaire. Specific IgE by the DELFIA® technique against 6 strains of LAB were measured on 44 exposed workers and 31 controls sera. Levels of specific IgE were low and no difference was observed between the two groups. This lack of IgE response could be explained by a healthy worker effect, an efficient implementation of personal protective equipment or by an absence of allergic mechanisms to account for the self-reported irritative symptoms. Despite the high concentrations of LAB, preventive measures are effective enough to guarantee no allergic effect and to prevent other adverse health effects. The implementation of preventive measures to avoid or reduce exposure to dust of LAB, and more generally to milk powder, is recommended in all dairy industry.

Comparative characteristics during wilting for alfalfa conditioned by maceration or by a conventional roller-conditioner

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwarno Suwarno ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
W. P. McCaughey
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

A study was conducted to monitor nutrient and microbial count changes during wilting of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in response to varying degrees of maceration at mowing. Early bloom alfalfa was mowed with either a roller-conditioner (CONV) or a macerator set to deliver four degrees of maceration during alfalfa mowing: LIGHT, LIGHT+, SEVERE, and SEVERE+. Macerated alfalfa reached 80% dry matter in 9–11 h compared with alfalfa mowed by roller-conditioner, which required 54 h. The most rapid wilting rates were associated with LIGHT+, SEVERE, and SEVERE+ maceration treatments when alfalfa was not exposed to precipitation. The wilting coefficient in the first 24 h was increased by more than 100% for the SEVERE treatment compared with alfalfa mowed using a conventional roller-conditioner in alfalfa that was not exposed to precipitation. Precipitation at 1.5 h post-mowing increased wilting time by 8.3 h to achieve 45% DM, and by 17.5 to achieve 80% DM in the SEVERE+ maceration treatment relative to alfalfa from the same conditioning treatment that was not exposed to precipitation. Precipitation at 24 h post-mowing increased wilting time to reach 80% DM by 11 h and 21 h for the LIGHT and LIGHT+ maceration treatments relative to alfalfa of the same mowing treatments not exposed to precipitation. Maceration of alfalfa resulted in a 24.2 to 26.8 h shorter wilting time relative to the conventional roller-conditioner treatment when alfalfa was exposed to precipitation at 24 h post-mowing. SEVERE and SEVERE+ maceration treatments at mowing resulted in higher (P < 0.05) neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre levels post-wilting. Lactic acid bacteria populations on alfalfa tended to be higher with maceration within 1 h post-mowing (P < 0.10) and post-wilting (P < 0.08). Key words: Alfalfa, maceration, precipitation, wilting time, bacteria, nutrient profile, compressibility

scholarly journals Influence of housing type on the cecal environment of horses

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 877-884
Author(s):  
Ashley N Wolford ◽  
Josie A Coverdale ◽  
Jessica L Leatherwood ◽  
William E Pinchak ◽  
Robin C Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Coastal Bermudagrass ◽  
Quarter Horse ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Internal Marker

Abstract Eight previously cecally cannulated Quarter Horse geldings were utilized in a crossover design with two 28-d periods with a 21-d washout period between to evaluate the influence of housing on the cecal environment and dry matter intake (DMI). Horses were adapted to diet and housing from day 1 to 19, DMI was determined from day 20 to 24, and cecal fluid was collected on day 28. Horses were paired by age and body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to treatment. Treatments consisted of housing horses individually in stalls or group housed in a pen. Regardless of treatment, all horses were individually fed a pelleted concentrate at 1% BW (as fed) offered twice daily 12 h apart. All horses had ad libitum access to coastal bermudagrass hay (Cynodon dactylon). Hay was offered to stalled horses initially at 2% BW (as fed) and then adjusted based on 120% of a previous 3-d average of voluntary intake. A dual marker system was used to estimate forage consumption in all horses, using titanium dioxide (TiO2) as the external marker and acid detergent insoluble ash (ADIA) as the internal marker. TiO2 was offered at 10 g/d for 10 d with fecal samples collected on the final 4 d at 12-h intervals advancing by 3 h each day to account for diurnal variation. Cecal samples were collected on day 28, 4 h after the morning meal and immediately analyzed for pH, total anaerobic and lactic acid bacteria populations, methane and ammonia concentrations, as well as volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS with the model containing effects for horse, period, and treatment. Cecal pH was affected by housing (P = 0.02) with group-housed horses having lower cecal pH values compared with stalled horses (6.52 vs. 6.69, respectively). There was no influence of housing on populations of total anaerobic or lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, housing did not influence cecal concentrations of VFA or methane and ammonia concentrations. Estimates of voluntary forage DMI were greater for group-housed horses (P = 0.04) than stalled (8.47 and 5.17 ± 0.89 kg DM/d, respectively). In conclusion, confinement housing did not, with the exception of pH, alter cecal environment of a horse when similar diets were offered but did affect forage consumption.

Effects of adding a Lactobacillus Plantarum inoculant to grass ensiled at different dry matter concentrations and offered to beef cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 115-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O'Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Different Levels

Silage fermentation is progressively restricted as the extent of pre-wilting increases (O'Kiely et_al., 1988). The magnitude of the improvement in silage nutritive value in response to a lactic acid bacteria inoculant could be related to the extent of the fermentation in the untreated silage. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the response in silage nutritive value to a Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant was similar at different levels of dry matter (DM) concentration.

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