Theory of Imitation in a Historical Context

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-25
Author(s):  
И.М. Приходько
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Physical Constants ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Way

Теория имитации создавалась Танеевым в определенном историческом контексте и опиралась на методологические принципы современного ему гуманитарного знания. Со времени публикации «Учения о каноне» прошло почти сто лет, на протяжении которых идеи Танеева остаются незыблемым фундаментом отечественной теории имитации. Однако методология гуманитарного знания претерпела существенные изменения. Оно уже не оперирует «вечными формами», поскольку понятно, что в культуре нет ничего похожего на физические константы. Действие универсальных принципов музыкальной организации опосредовано историческими условиями. Имитация реализует универсальный принцип повторения в разных исторических формах. Первоначально имитация была орнаментальной, изредка вплетаясь в полифоническую ткань. Канон же был широко распространенной техникой письма. Затем имитация примерно на полтора века стала ведущим фактором формообразования и сблизилась с каноном. Позднее, одновременно с возрастанием роли подвижного контрапункта, значение имитации вновь уменьшилось. Менялся и мелодический синтаксис. В период расцвета имитационной техники мелодическая линия развертывалась непрерывно, цезуры были малозаметными и распределялись неравномерно. Под влиянием изменений метроритмической организации в мелодиях появились более глубокие регулярные цезуры. Это позволяет при анализе имитационной полифонии эпохи барокко членить мелодию на отделы, однако при анализе полифонии строгого письма такое членение представляется искусственным. Современная методология требует обозначить границы, за которыми теория утрачивает объяснительные возможности. Отсюда вытекает необходимость переосмыслить некоторые положения танеевской теории. The theory of imitation was created by Sergey I. Taneyev in a certain historical context and was based on the methodological principles of contemporaneous humanities. Almost a hundred years have passed since the publication of “The Teaching on The Canon”, and throughout this time, Taneyev’s ideas remain the unshakable foundation of the domestic theory of imitation. However, the methodology of the humanities has undergone significant changes — particularly in the aspect of the relationship between theoretical and historical knowledge. Also, analysis and description prevail over prescriptions in present-day musicology. Therefore it is reasonable to reconsider some aspects of Taneyev’s theory. Modern musicologists understand that music does not have anything like fundamental and unchangeable physical constants. Accordingly, there are no “eternal forms” in music. There are some general principles of musical organization, similar to linguistic universals, but they are implemented in multiple ways on different levels under different historical/ stylistic conditions. The principle of repetition is realized through transmission of a melodic phrase from one voice part to another — that is, through imitation. Forms of imitation depend on how melodic phrases are built — that is, on the features of the melodic syntax. In the vocal polyphony of the 16th century, the flow of the melody is uninterrupted; caesuras are irregular and shallow, whereas in the instrumental polyphony of the 18th century they divide melody into commensurable sections. This difference affects the way in which imitation is used in these styles.

scholarly journals Néhány megjegyzés Heltai imádságos könyvének utóéletéről

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihály Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
The Way

Although in recent years there has been an upsurge in the research of the history of early modern spirituality, this research has paid hardly any attention to the Unitarian denomination. The reasons for this lie beyond the scope of the present study: between the late 16th century and the late 18th century the denomination had to refrain from the use of printing, and thus, the manuscript versions of prayer texts were threatened by loss and destruction. It is a unique paradox, however, that the first edited protestant Hungarian prayer book of considerable length was published precisely by this denomination in 1570/1571. The first part of the paper explores the concept of the prayer book based on Johann Habermann’s famous Gebetbüchlein, and compares it to the greatest achievements of the same sort within this period, the Catholic Péter Pázmány’s and the Calvinist Albert Szenci Molnár’s works. This section is followed by a survey of the vivid reception of Heltai’s work, with particular focus on the way the Unitarian author’s work was used in the Lutheran community of Lőcse. The concluding part argues that building on the foundations of this tradition, as well as on the heritage of Calvinist prayer culture, an unparalleled Unitarian prayer literature developed in the 17th-18th centuries, which deserves the attention of comparative research.

scholarly journals Japan’s political solution in Vietnam from March 1945 to August 1945

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-93
Author(s):  
Ca Van Phan
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Japanese Government ◽  
The Political ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Coup D'etat ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

After the coup d'etat of the French colonial administration in Indochina ending the period of Japan-France co-governing, the Japanese government publicized its policy to support the foundation of Vietnam’s “independence”. However, the overall view of the political context of the time, the establishment of the Bao Dai-Tran Trong Kim government is a Japanese solution to Vietnam’s situation in the post-coup d'etat period. This solution stemmed from the plans of the Japanese ruling authorities and the specific historical context in Vietnam at that time. For Japan, the ultimate goal which needed to be reached after the coup was not to affect the effort of the war. For France, not only they lost colonies but also their standing position was underestimated in the eyes of the colonists. For the relationship between Japan and Vietnam, the nature and its motive would change in the way as it should have been.

scholarly journals Kharetat al mousafer, an 18th-century proskynetarion of Jerusalem and The Holy Land from Saydnaia

Chronos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Rand Abou Ackl
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

In this article, I discuss a proskynetarion icon of the Holy Land and Jerusalem, called the Kharetat al mousafer, located in Saydnaia Monastery in Syria. The relationship between pilgrimages and proskynetaria, which served as a tool of Christian propaganda, will be discussed with a focus on the Saydnaia proskynetarion as a case study, showing the way of the Melkite painter, Issa al-Qudsi depicted the Holy Land topography. In this icon, the Holy Sepulchre (Church of Resurrection) was also represented, opening a discussion around proskynetaria in Syria during the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals Interconection and Local Wisdom of Malay and Arabs Ulamas Works: Study on Malay and Arabic Manuscripts’ Papers

Al-Qalam ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fakhriati Fakhriati
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Diplomatic Relation ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Relationship

<p align="justify">Malay and Arabs are two continents, located in different area, Southeast Asia and Middle East. Historically, writers as <em>ulama</em>s<em> </em>(religious prominent figures) tended to use watermarked papers for writing many things both related to religious, historical knowledge, and also their experience. Looking at the manuscripts existing nowadays, almost all Malay and Arabic manuscripts’ papers have unique and similar watermark images and countermark inside. It cannot be denied that historical background and context appeared behind the papers. Historically, the relationship among the countries since the coming of Islam to Malay -- that was in Aceh at the first -- gave the effect of produced and using the papers. Trade and diplomatic relation can be assumed as the biggest factor taken places in this aspect. Besides, Western countries also took important role in exporting their paper to other countries. In addition, they had colonized some Muslims countries both Southeast Asian and Middle East. As the most popular producers of watermark images, Western countries also exported their papers to other countries, including their colonized countries. This paper tries to elaborate ulamas’ paper in these two nations in its similarity and diversity to find local wisdom inside. Thereafter, to analyze the relationship among the countries is another focus of this paper. This paper tries to use Philological, codicological, and socio-historical approach in dealing with the content and physics of the manuscripts, and its historical context.</p>

Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes monētu kolekcionāri 18. gs. pirmajā pusē

Letonica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktors Dāboliņš
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Knowledge Formation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Character ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Genealogical Information

This article covers the oldest coin and medal collections in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia with a view to historical knowledge formation. The ideological basis for, methods and principles applied to, and basic problems associated with assembling these collections are each explained. The collecting of coins and medals in Courland began at the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries, simultaneous with the spread of collecting in Riga and Livonia. At present, three collections of coins and medals are known, those belonging to Magnus von Torck, Samuel Rhanäus and Christoph Georg Ziegenhorn. The registers or copies of von Torck’s and Rhanäus’s collections are the oldest known sources for coin collecting in the territory of present-day Latvia which have been preserved to this day. The registers were compiled at the beginning of the 18th century and are structurally identical because their author was Samuel Rhanäus. The coin descriptions are very primitive, basically indicating their legends, their number in the collection, and the time they had been struck. The legends are approximate and often invented. Overall, the information is of low credibility, making it impossible to completely reconstruct the composition of the collections. The collections have been formed according to the local-historical principle, including only those coins and medals struck in former Livonia and under Polish and Swedish rule. The most problematic for collectors were coinages from the Middle Ages through to the 16th century, when no dating and more complete legends, which would have helped with identifying the coins, were not included. In trying to reconstruct the possible activities of the early collectors, it may be concluded that they worked with very limited knowledge and skills. No catalogue or other publication that would provide information on Livonian coins had yet appeared, the local archives were usually inaccessible, and there were only a very limited number of publications that would present the necessary genealogical information on the seigneurs of Livonia. All of the above conditions gave rise to legends and descriptions containing various interpretations and fantasies. Despite the minimal contribution of the early collectors to Baltic numismatics, it can be observed, even at this early stage, the interdisciplinary character of this subbranch of history.

Hume’s Philosophy of Irreligion and the Myth of British Empiricism

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Russell
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Treatise Of Human Nature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This chapter outlines an alternative interpretation of Hume’s philosophy, one that aims, among other things, to explain some of the most perplexing puzzles concerning the relationship between Hume’s skepticism and his naturalism. The key to solving these puzzles, it is argued, rests with recognizing Hume’s fundamental irreligious aims and objectives, beginning with his first and greatest work, A Treatise of Human Nature. The irreligious interpretation not only reconfigures our understanding of the unity and structure of Hume’s thought, it also provides a radically different picture of the way in which Hume’s philosophy is rooted in its historical context. By altering our understanding of the fundamentals of Hume’s philosophy in this way, the irreligious interpretation also challenges the adequacy of the familiar and entrenched framework of “British Empiricism.”

Isaiah Then and Now: Reflections on the Responses to The Theology of the Book of Isaiah

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
John Goldingay
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Biblical Theology ◽  
Systematic Theology ◽  
Book Of Isaiah ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

In this response to reviews of The Theology of the Book of Isaiah, the author discusses the relationship between systematic theology and biblical theology in connection with the study of Isaiah, the importance of listening to the meaning of Isaiah in its historical context, and the way the author works with that meaning as a preacher.

scholarly journals Pemikiran Tasawuf Muh Arsyad al-Banjari dan Pengaruhnya di Masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Maimunah Zarkasyi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

<p>Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari is hitherto known in the Malay world as a jurist of Shafi’i school of thought. Little has been known concerning his Sufi inclination and ideas. This paper is interested in investigating just that. By scrolling on his works and exploring the genealogy of his thought, this paper is interested in unraveling the Sufistic tendency that manifests in the thought of al-Banjari. The premise that underlies this paper is that the thought of al-Banjari on Sufism is deep-rooted in the 18th century Sufistic current of thought in Mekka. This current of thought is characterized by its persistence to reconcile Shari‘ah and Tasawuf. Zakariyah al-Anshari was regarded as its foremost leader. He was of an Egyptian origin and wrote a book entitled Fath al-Rahman. Many of al-Banjari’s works including Kanz al-Ma‘rifah that he wrote in the Javanese Arabic may be seen as both an annotation and commentary on Fath al-Rahman. A careful analysis on their works reveals an unmistakable intellectual link between the two. Both have worked within the perspective of Syari’ah and Tasawuf and are mainly interested in reconciling them. To their view, it is only by reconciling Syari’ah and Tasawuf that we may have a clear idea concerning the way (Shari‘ah), the order (Tariqah) and the truth (Haqiqah) and the relationship between them. By virtue of his concern in integrating Syari’ah and Tasawuf, al-Banjari is known both as a jurist and a Sunni Sufi. He was also responsible for transferring the knowledge of Tasawuf and Jurisprudence from their authoritative sources in the Middle East to the people of Southern Kalimantan. His intellectual and social role has brought about a significance change in the social fabric of his society. It was in his hand that the inventive practices (bid‘ah) and the religious mischief found in his society were finally eliminated and brushed away. This paper will explore these aspects of al-Banjari’s Sufism.</p>

scholarly journals Holiness as friendship with Christ: Teresa of Avila

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara K. Soughers
Keyword(s):  
Song Of Songs ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Women Clergy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Teresa Of Avila ◽  
Lay People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Teresa of Avila, writing in the 16th century when ideas of holiness often excluded women and lay people, developed a radically inclusive understanding of holiness as friendship with Christ. Her idea also allowed for degrees of holiness, from those who completed only the necessary church requirements of confession and absolution all the way up to those who had a friendship that was modelled upon the relationship in the Song of Songs. It was a definition of holiness applicable to men and women, clergy, members of religious orders, and lay people. In addition, her understanding of holiness did not distinguish the holiness of ordinary lay people from that of the great saints of previous generations, for friendship with Christ was open to all.

A Case Study of Brazilian Popular Music and Censorship

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Lima Nicodemo
Keyword(s):  
Popular Music ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Musical Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This article examines the censorship of popular music in Brazil by focusing on the experience of songwriter Ivan Lins during the country’s military dictatorship. Since the late 1970s, Lins was included in the government list of “suspects” of the musical scene; his songs were often censored and his performances placed under surveillance. Before analyzing Lins’s musical production, its meanings, and its relationship with the regime’s repression forces, the article first discusses the historical context of the years preceding the coup that paved the way for the military dictatorship. It then considers Lins’s use of imagery in his songs to prove his stand. It shows that Lins’s songs reveal the range of conflicts and ambiguities that characterize the relationship between music, politics, and the culture industry in Brazil.

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