scholarly journals Pemikiran Tasawuf Muh Arsyad al-Banjari dan Pengaruhnya di Masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Maimunah Zarkasyi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

<p>Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari is hitherto known in the Malay world as a jurist of Shafi’i school of thought. Little has been known concerning his Sufi inclination and ideas. This paper is interested in investigating just that. By scrolling on his works and exploring the genealogy of his thought, this paper is interested in unraveling the Sufistic tendency that manifests in the thought of al-Banjari. The premise that underlies this paper is that the thought of al-Banjari on Sufism is deep-rooted in the 18th century Sufistic current of thought in Mekka. This current of thought is characterized by its persistence to reconcile Shari‘ah and Tasawuf. Zakariyah al-Anshari was regarded as its foremost leader. He was of an Egyptian origin and wrote a book entitled Fath al-Rahman. Many of al-Banjari’s works including Kanz al-Ma‘rifah that he wrote in the Javanese Arabic may be seen as both an annotation and commentary on Fath al-Rahman. A careful analysis on their works reveals an unmistakable intellectual link between the two. Both have worked within the perspective of Syari’ah and Tasawuf and are mainly interested in reconciling them. To their view, it is only by reconciling Syari’ah and Tasawuf that we may have a clear idea concerning the way (Shari‘ah), the order (Tariqah) and the truth (Haqiqah) and the relationship between them. By virtue of his concern in integrating Syari’ah and Tasawuf, al-Banjari is known both as a jurist and a Sunni Sufi. He was also responsible for transferring the knowledge of Tasawuf and Jurisprudence from their authoritative sources in the Middle East to the people of Southern Kalimantan. His intellectual and social role has brought about a significance change in the social fabric of his society. It was in his hand that the inventive practices (bid‘ah) and the religious mischief found in his society were finally eliminated and brushed away. This paper will explore these aspects of al-Banjari’s Sufism.</p>

Reflections On Religion, Modernization, and Violence in the Islamic Middle East

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 293-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kingston
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radical Islam ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis essay examines the social role played by, and social reasons for, violence in the Islamic Middle East. In doing so, it aims to counteract a persistent tendency in the literature to igreore the complexity of the relationship between religion and violence, on the one hand, and larger issues of socio-political and economic change, on the other, in favor of a more simplistic approach that views so-called militant or radical Islam primarily as a cause of violence in the region. The essay argues that explanations of "religious" violence can never be divorced from a thorough understanding of the historical formation and present social dynamics of the various nation-states in the region.

A New Hope

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Oklopcic
Keyword(s):  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
The People ◽  
Collective Self ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

As the final chapter of the book, Chapter 10 confronts the limits of an imagination that is constitutional and constituent, as well as (e)utopian—oriented towards concrete visions of a better life. In doing so, the chapter confronts the role of Square, Triangle, and Circle—which subtly affect the way we think about legal hierarchy, popular sovereignty, and collective self-government. Building on that discussion, the chapter confronts the relationship between circularity, transparency, and iconography of ‘paradoxical’ origins of democratic constitutions. These representations are part of a broader morphology of imaginative obstacles that stand in the way of a more expansive constituent imagination. The second part of the chapter focuses on the most important five—Anathema, Nebula, Utopia, Aporia, and Tabula—and closes with the discussion of Ernst Bloch’s ‘wishful images’ and the ways in which manifold ‘diagrams of hope and purpose’ beyond the people may help make them attractive again.

Development of ecological culture of an individual in a multicultural environment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 89-90 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Natalia Evstafyeva ◽  
◽  
Irina Wagner ◽  
Yulia Grishaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ecological Culture ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The article deals with methodological aspects of the development of ecological culture of schoolchildren in a multicultural educational environment. The authors identify two acute problems in modern society – multiculturalism and ecology. The Russian Federation is a multicultural country. Multicultural education is aimed at preserving the diversity of Russian society, carries the potential and tool for protecting ethnic and national communities in a multi-ethnic Russia, promotes the integration of all territorial-economic, political and national-cultural communities into a single Russian nation, allows a person to adapt to a multicultural world, helps a person understand himself and the people around him and promote the social role of a cultural person in society. The authors consider the relationship between multiculturalism and ethnopedagogy, identify the main pedagogical approaches and principles of development of multicultural education. The article notes the importance of integration of two significant areas in education and in the world - ethnology and ecology. Together they make an ethno-cultural module and an eco-cultural module which form the values for the society sustainable development. The possibility of using the technology of project activity through the implementation of ethno-ecological projects of students is considered. The authors note that ethnoecological projects on the dominant activity of students can be of different directions: research, educational, creative or practical ones. The most effective way to work on projects is through the implementation of a system of eco-oriented multicultural project weeks. Authors pay an important attention to the projects aimed at studying the ethnoecological traditions of the native land, the peculiarities of its geography, climate, natural landscape, flora and fauna, reflected in folklore, folk crafts, cults, rituals, holidays, legends, myths, etc.

Between Uniatism and Arabism

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 361-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norig Neveu
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Arab Nationalism ◽  
International Networks ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

Abstract In the Emirate of Transjordan, the interwar period was marked by the emergence of the Melkite Church. Following the Eastern rite and represented by Arab priests, this church appeared to be an asset from a missionary perspective as Arab nationalism was spreading in the Middle East. New parishes and schools were opened. A new Melkite archeparchy was created in the Emirate in 1932. The archbishop, Paul Salman, strengthened the foundation of the church and became a key partner of the government. This article tackles the relationship between Arabisation, nationalisation and territorialisation. It aims to highlight the way the Melkite Church embodied the adaptation strategy of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches in Transjordan. The clergy of this national church was established by mobilising regional and international networks. By considering these clerics as go-between experts, this article aims to decrypt a complex process of territorialisation and transnationalisation of the Melkite Church.

scholarly journals Government Factors Influencing an Expansion of Study Abroad in the Middle East/North Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Lane-Toomey
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
National Security ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Federal Funding ◽  
Study Abroad Programs ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Career Motivations ◽  
The Relationship

Since the late 1950s, both the U.S. government and the general population have acknowledged an immediate need for a deepening of U.S. American knowledge of the people, languages, and culture of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Particularly in the fallout of the events of September 11, 2001, one means for U.S. undergraduates have expanded their understanding of this region has been through participation in Study Abroad (study abroad) programs. Despite the large amount of research on outcomes and educational approaches used in study abroad in general, there is little literature which addresses the relationship between national security concerns and study abroad in the MENA region. The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which federal legislation has connected higher education to national security interests through provisions of federal funding for Area Studies and study abroad in less common destinations, and to discuss the influence of factors such as career motivations, scholarship support, and concern for U.S. national security on the decision to study abroad in the MENA region

scholarly journals Fake news and unfunded beliefs in the post-truth age

Universitas ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Víctor Castillo-Riquelme ◽  
Patricio Hermosilla-Urrea ◽  
Juan P. Poblete-Tiznado ◽  
Christian Durán-Anabalón
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
The Social ◽  
Paranormal Beliefs ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship

The dissemination of fake news embodies a pressing problem for democracy that is exacerbated by theubiquity of information available on the Internet and by the exploitation of those who, appealing to theemotionality of audiences, have capitalized on the injection of falsehoods into the social fabric. In thisstudy, through a cross-sectional, correlational and non-experimental design, the relationship betweencredibility in the face of fake news and some types of dysfunctional thoughts was explored in a sampleof Chilean university students. The results reveal that greater credibility in fake news is associated withhigher scores of magical, esoteric and naively optimistic thinking, beliefs that would be the meetingpoint for a series of cognitive biases that operate in the processing of information. The highest correlationis found with the paranormal beliefs facet and, particularly, with ideas about the laws of mentalattraction, telepathy and clairvoyance. Significant differences were also found in credibility in fake newsas a function of the gender of the participants, with the female gender scoring higher on average thanthe male gender. These findings highlight the need to promote critical thinking, skepticism and scientificattitude in all segments of society.

scholarly journals Kesantunan dalam Ritual Pernikahan Masyarakat Hindu-Bali; Kajian Etnopsikolingustik Religius

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kadek Devi Kalfika Anggria Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
The People ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Hindu Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Situation

The study which is descriptive qualitative in nature, aims to investigate preference of politeness strategies by Balinese Hindu-community in traditional marriage ritual. Data was collected using interview and observation methods. Based on the results of data analysis, this research shows that the form of politeness that arises can be seen in terms of place, time, to the leaders of the people, during preparation, implementation, disclosure of the relationship with the Almighty, and after the completion of the ritual. The different forms of politeness that emerge can be seen from the use of Balinese in various levels which are adjusted to the social distance and speech situation. Besides being seen from the use of language, linguistic politeness is also evident from the attitude, intonation, and tone of the speaker. The difference in the form of politeness is intentionally raised to cause certain psychological impacts on the interlocutor.

M.A. BAKUNIN ON THE GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF THE STATE (SOCIAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR KSENOFONTOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Social Revolution ◽  
Marxist Philosophy ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Social Wealth

The article reveals the social and philosophical views of M.A. Bakunin on the genesis, essence and evolution of the state. At the same time, attention is focused on his interpretation of state power, which is a lack of justice and freedom for the people. The philosopher, in substantiating his point of view, gives a detailed analysis of the philosophical conceptual provisions on the state. M.A. Bakunin, being an anarcho-revolutionary in his philosophical views, substantiates the limited point of view on the issue of the state and its social role, the positions of the representatives of German social democracy and the views of supporters of Marxist philosophy. The article reveals the socio-philosophical positions of the Russian thinker on the issue of essential components that substantiate the need for the evolution of the state and its departure from the historical arena. At the same time, the main regulations that characterize the prospects for the development of the state and its withering away are revealed. Only a social revolution, according to M.A. Bakunin, can lead to the destruction of the state as an organ of violence, and bring the people freedom, equality and the use of social wealth. Purpose of the research: to reveal the social and philosophical positions of M.A. Bakunin on the genesis of the state, its essence and evolution. Conclusions: The state, according to the views of M.A. Bakunin, is in any form of violence against the people, and therefore it must be destroyed through a social revolution. The future structure of society, as an ideal, should be based on justice and freedom of the people, their self-organization.

scholarly journals What Do ‘We’ Know That ‘They’ Don’t? Sociologists’ versus Non-Sociologists’ Knowledge

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mesny
Keyword(s):  
Social World ◽  
Public Sociology ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Embedded Knowledge ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Critical Policy ◽  
The Relationship

This paper attempts to clarify or to reposition some of the controversies generated by Burawoy’s defense of public sociology and by his vision of the mutually stimulating relationship between the different forms of sociology. Before arguing if, why, and how, sociology should or could be more ‘public’, it might be useful to reflect upon what it is we think we, as sociologists, know that ‘lay people’ do not. This paper thus explores the public sociology debate’s epistemological core, namely the issue of the relationship between sociologists’ and non-sociologists’ knowledge of the social world. Four positions regarding the status of sociologists’ knowledge versus lay people’s knowledge are explored: superiority (sociologists’ knowledge of the social world is more accurate, objective and reflexive than lay people’s knowledge, thanks to science’s methods and norms), homology (when they are made explicit, lay theories about the social world often parallel social scientists’ theories), complementarity (lay people’s and social scientists’ knowledge complement one another. The former’s local, embedded knowledge is essential to the latter’s general, disembedded knowledge), and circularity (sociologists’ knowledge continuously infuses commonsensical knowledge, and scientific knowledge about the social world is itself rooted in common sense knowledge. Each form of knowledge feeds the other). For each of these positions, implications are drawn regarding the terms, possibilities and conditions of a dialogue between sociologists and their publics, especially if we are to take the circularity thesis seriously. Conclusions point to the accountability we face towards the people we study, and to the idea that sociology is always performative, a point that has, to some extent, been obscured by Burawoy’s distinctions between professional, critical, policy and public sociologies.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Authority and Authenticity in the Laozi: Employing Wu無 as a Philosophical Framework

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Sharon Y. Small
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
Philosophical Framework ◽  
Generative Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Wu 無 is one of the most prominent terms in Ancient Daoist philosophy, and perhaps the only term to appear more than Dao in both the Laozi and the Zhuangzi. However, unlike Dao, wu is generally used as an adjective modifying or describing nouns such as “names”, “desires”, “knowledge”, “action”, and so forth. Whereas Dao serves as the utmost principle in both generation and practice, wu becomes one of the central methods to achieve or emulate this ideal. As a term of negation, wu usually indicates the absence of something, as seen in its relation to the term you 有—”to have” or “presence”. From the perspective of generative processes, wu functions as an undefined and undifferentiated cosmic situation from which no beginning can begin but everything can emerge. In the political aspect, wu defines, or rather un-defines the actions (non-coercive action, wuwei 無為) that the utmost authority exerts to allow the utmost simplicity and “authenticity” (the zi 自 constructions) of the people. In this paper, I suggest an understanding of wu as a philosophical framework that places Pre-Qin Daoist thought as a system that both promotes our understanding of the way the world works and offers solutions to particular problems. Wu then is simultaneously metaphysical and concrete, general, and particular. It is what allows the world, the society, and the person to flourish on their own terms.

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