scholarly journals Effect of Training Method and Spraying Gibberellic and Salicylic Acide on Some Vegetative Growth Characters of Snapdragon Plants Antirrhinum majus L.: تأثير طريقة التربية والمعاملة بحامضي السالسليك والجبرلين في بعض صفات النمو الخضري لنباتات حنك السبع Antirrhinum majus L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Abdulqader Al-Sheikhli - Yueamar Ahmed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
And Control

  The experiment was conducted at research station of the Horticulture and landscape department/ Agriculture college/ Diyala university during 2017 - 2018 seasons (8/10/2017 - 4/5/2018). The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the effect of training method , training method included four types (single stem, double stems , three stems and four stems). Gibberellic acid sprayed with two concentration (100 , 200 mg.L-1) also salicylic acid sprayed with two concentration (50, 100 mg.L-1) and control treatment sprayed two times with distilled water in 15/1/2018 and 15/2/2018. Training methods had significant effects on shoots growth characteristics, Single-stem training method had the best regarding plant height132.36cm, leaves chlorophyll content28.29%, total carbohydrate content58.78Spad unit. Four-stem training method had best results regarding leaves number269.72 leaf/plant, leaf area3235.98cm2/plant, fresh weigh of shoots72.77gm/plant, dry weigh of shoots19.18gm/plant. give spraying 100 mg/l of gibberellic acid had best results regarding plant height124.80cm, leaves number172.91leaf/plant, leaves area2872.81cm2/plant, fresh weight of shoots73.99gm/plant, dry weight of shoots19.48gm/plant, leaves chlorophyll content55.07spad unit, total carbohydrate content28.29%. Interactions between the studied factors had significant effect in all studied characteristics.    

scholarly journals Effect of Training Method and Spraying Gibberellic and Salicylic Acid on Some Flowers Characters of Snapdragon Plants Antirrhinum majus L.: تأثير طريقة التربية والمعاملة بحامضي السالسليك والجبرلين في بعض الصفات الزهرية لنباتات حنك السبع Antirrhinum majus L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaemur Ahmed Ali  - Abdulrahman Abdulqader Al- Sheikhli
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Flowering Stem ◽  
Inflorescence Length

    The experiment was conducted at research station of the Horticulture and landscape department/ Agriculture college/ Diyala university during 2017- 2018 seasons (8/10/2017- 4/5/2018). The objectives of the experiment were to investigate the effect of training method , training method included four types (single stem, double stems , three stems and four stems). Gibberellic acid sprayed with two concentration (100 , 200 mg.L- 1) also salicylic acid sprayed with two concentration (50, 100 mg.L- 1) and control treatment sprayed two times with distilled water in 15/1/2018 and 15/2/2018. Training methods had significant effects on floral growth characteristics, Single- stem training method had the best regarding days number for inflorescence emergence 131.44days, inflorescence length 44.87cm, inflorescence diameter13.39cm, florets number on inflorescence 46.01 Floret/spike, flowering stem length 86.59cm, flowering stem diameter 10.20mm and petals anthocyanins content 28.30mg/l dry weight. give spraying 100 mg/l of gibberellic acid had best results regarding inflorescence length 44.88cm, inflorescence diameter 13.26cm, florets number on inflorescence 50.47 floret/spike, flowering stem length 81.64cm, flowering stem diameter 10.88mm. give spraying 100 mg/l of Salicylic acid had best results regarding days number for inflorescence emergence 132.66days and petals anthocyanins content 28.65 mg/l dry weight. Interactions between the studied factors had significant effect in all studied characteristics.    

scholarly journals Effect of flush existence, NAA and GA application on cocoa pod development

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.T.M. Astuti ◽  
Adi Prawoto ◽  
Kumala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
Photosynthate Allocation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Photosynthate Translocation

This experiment was carried out to study the photosynthate allocation between flush and young pods, and the effect of (naphthalene acetic acid) and (gibberellic acid) application to sink strength. Two cocoa clones KW 163 and KW 165 located in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffea and Cocoa Research Institut were used on this experiment. Each clone was treated with flushes and without flush. Beside that, the young pods sprayed with NAA 250 mg L-1, GA 250 mg L-1, NAA 250 mg L-1 dan GA 250 mg L-1 and control (K = without NAA and GA). There were 2 x 4 treatment combinations for each clone, and replicated three trees for each combination. The parameter were cherelle wilt percentage, sucrose content, fresh and dry weight, long and diameter of healthy and wilting pods.The result showed that sink strength of young pods was lower than that of flushes, which caused application photosynthate translocation to the young pods was lower. NAA and GA application to the pods could improve sucrose allocation, increased pod weight and cherelle wilt was suppressed. The lack of photosynthate on young pod cause metabolism change, so pod became cherelle wilt. But, there was still not known the optimum concentration and method of application of those growth regulators to obtained minimum cherelle wilt.Key words: Cocoa, flush, pod, naphthylacatic acid, gibberellic acid, cherelle wilt.

scholarly journals Influence of Seed Hardening Techniques on Vigor, Growth and Yield of Wheat under Drought Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Amir Zaman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
And Control ◽  
Peg 8000 ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Exploring ways to improve stand establishment and crop productivity under abiotic stresses like drought is important. Two years experiments were conducted at University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan to examine the efficacy of six pre-sowing seed hardening agents. Seeds of wheat cultivar Uqab-2000 were hardened in six different chemicals of various concentration viz; PEG-8000 (10%), CaCl2 (4%), KNO3, (3%), Mannital (4%), NaCl (5%), Na2SO4 (2%) along with water soaking and dry seeds as control for 24 hours and drying back to original moisture content at room temperature. The soaking and drying of seeds was repeated twice for 12 hours. The results showed that pre-sowing hardening of seed with PEG-8000, CaCl2 and KNO3 gave higher germination, decreased days to 50% germination, increased shoot length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight in laboratory experiment as compared with other hardening and control treatment. Under field conditions, maximum plant height (93.53cm), spikelet’s spike-1 (17.16), grains spike-1 (50.82), 1000 grain weight (39.97 g), grain yield (3482 kg ha-1) and maximum harvest index (32.5%) were observed in PEG-8000 hardened seed than control treatment (2872 kg ha-1). Seed hardened in PEG-8000, CaCl2 and KNO3 gave 30% increase in grain yield as compared to Mannital, NaCl and Na2SO4 which gave 15% increase in grain yield over control treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Spraying Nitrogen and Some Plants Extracts in the Vegetative Growth on (Lavandula officinalis L)

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-181
Author(s):  
Alaulddin Abdulmunem Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lavandula Officinalis ◽  
Number Of Branches

This study was conducted in the special nursery in Mansour - Baghdad at 2011. to study the effect nitrogen 05 and 02 grams per liter in the form of urea as well as spraying four plant extracts which are Glycyrrhiz glabra uritica dioica Allium sativum Trigonella foenum – graecum and concentration of 5 grams per liter of distilled water and every extract plant in addition to the control treatment. Treatments were applied three times and the first was applied at 15-5-2011and the following applications were 15 days after the first application. Experiment were conducts using complete randomized block design with three replicates. Results, were analyzed using least significant differences at 5% probability. The results are summarized as follows:It was to spray the extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra significant effect in plant height it was 26.86 cm / plant compared to the treatment which was 2305 cm / plant, as well as to spray the extract of Uritica dioica significant effect in stem diameter of the main plant which was 0.34 cm with different insignificantly in compare with treatment of spraying extract of Trigonella foenum – graecum compared to the treatment was 0.21 cm also surpassed the treatment spraying 0.5 grams per liter of nitrogen significantly recipe in the number of branches per plant the number of branches 17.30 compared to the treatment comparison which reached 12.93.Either as the number of plant leaves it has surpassed the treatment spray Glycyrrhiza glabra extract significantly compared to other transaction it was 51083 leaf / plant compared to the treatment of non-spray amounting to 38783 leaf / plant and the results showed than spray treatment Glycyrrhiza glabra extract significantly in the description of total length of branches amounting to 395.90 cm / plant It also surpassed the treatment spray extract Uritica dioica significantly in the dry weight of leaves and was 61.13 gram / plant which was not different from the treatment of nitrogen 05 gram / L. As for the percentage content of chlorophyll pigment in the leaves was surpassed by 0.5 gN/L treatment of spraying nitrogen amounting to 33.60% which did

scholarly journals Influence of Martian Radiation-like Conditions on the Growth of Secale cereale and Lepidium sativum

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Tack ◽  
G.W.W. Wamelink ◽  
A.G. Denkova ◽  
M. Schouwenburg ◽  
H. Hilhorst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Solar Flares ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Martian Surface ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Control

The Martian surface is constantly exposed to a high dose of cosmic radiation consisting of highly energetic particles and multiple types of ionizing radiation. The dose can increase temporarily by a factor of 50 through the occurrence of highly energetic solar flares. This may affect crop growth in greenhouses on the Martian surface possibly making settlement of humans more complicated. Shielding crops from radiation might be done at the expense of lighting efficiency. However, the most energy-efficient cultivation may be achieved through the use of natural daylight with the addition of LED lights. The goal of our research was to investigate whether Martian radiation, both the constant and the solar flares events, affects plant growth of two crop species, rye and garden cress. The levels of radiation received on the surface of Mars, simulated with an equivalent dose of 60Co γ-photons, had a significant negative effect on the growth of the two crop species. Although germination percentages were not affected by radiation, biomass growth was significantly decreased by 32% for cress and 48% for rye during the first 4 weeks after germination. Part of the biomass differences may be due to differences in temperature between radiation and control treatment, however it cannot explain the whole difference between the treatment and control. Coloring of leaves, necrosis and brown parts, was observed as well. Temporary increases in ionizing radiation dose at different development stages of the plants did not significantly influence the final dry weight of the crops.

APPLICATION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID TO CONTROL TILLERING IN EARLY-MATURING MAIZE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. ROOD
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Undesirable Side Effect ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
And Control

In greenhouse and field trials, gibberellic acid (GA) pipetted directly into the leaf whorls of the extremely early-maturing maize (Zea mays L.) inbred 66A4-2 and four of its hybrids reduced the prolific tillering of these genotypes. Early applications were maximally effective and increasing the dosage from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/plant slightly improved the treatment efficacy. Both auxiliary tiller number and dry weights of auxiliary tillers were reduced following early GA application. In field trials the latter character was reduced to 36, 20, 7 and 22% of the control values in 66A4-2, 66A4-2 × CG8, 66A4-2 × CM7, and CM49 × 66A4-2, respectively, following the earliest GA application. Promotions of height growth as a result of both leaf sheath and leaf blade elongation were only temporary as final heights were similar in GA treated and control plants. The inhibition of auxiliary tiller dry weight accumulation was not accompanied by changes in principal shoot dry weight. Thus, GA treatment early in the life cycle can reduce tillering in early-maturing maize without the undesirable side-effect of shoot elongation.Key words: Zea mays L., corn, suckers, plant growth regulators

scholarly journals Improvement of Cymbopogon flexuosus Biomass and Essential Oil Production With Organic Manures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Vauvenargues Lopes ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Heitor Luiz Heiderich Roza ◽  
Felipe Campos Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Organic Compost

Cymbopogon flexuosus is a medicinal species with relevant commercial value and widely used in flavors, fragrances, toiletries, cosmetics, soaps, detergents, and pharmaceutical products. The objective of this study was evaluate the effects of different doses and sources of two manures and one compost on plant growth, leaf nutrient accumulation, content, yield, and chemical composition of the essential oil. The sources were cattle manure, quail manure, and organic compost applied in four doses and control treatment. The species increased the growth and productions of secondary metabolites by use the manures and organic compost. The highest weight gain was obtained with fertilization between 300 and 450 g pot-1 of quail manure, but the yield of essential oil in the doses from 150 to 300 g pot-1. Overall, lemon grass plants fertilized with quail manure accumulated greater concentrations of nutrients in leaf tissue than cattle manure and compost. The neral content in the essential oil was increased with the use of quail manure compared to compost and cattle manure. The results from this study demonstrated that dose and source can alter dry weight, leaf nutrients accumulation, and essential oil content and yield.

scholarly journals The effect of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking and germination inducing in Louisiana variety of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Ali Jawed Safdary ◽  
Ahmad Jawid Ahamdi ◽  
Nasratullah Habibi ◽  
Zabiullah Rahmani ◽  
Saifullah Rasooli
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dormancy Breaking

To investigate the methods of dormancy breaking in okra seeds; a study was conducted in the winter season of 2019 under laboratory conditions in Samangan Higher Education Institute. The experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design within 10 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included gibberellic acid at 4 levels (100, 500, 700, and 1000 ppm), hot water (70°C), hydrochloric acid (75%) at three levels (5, 10, and 15 minutes), 7-day chilling at 3°C and control treatment (distilled water). The results showed that the highest percentage (100%) with a germination rate of 86 seeds were available due to the application of 7-day cold treatment. Moreover, the treatments such as 7-day chilling, gibberellic acid 500 ppm, and hydrochloric acid 10 and 15 minutes had significant effects on the fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots as well as on their length. we observed that the 7- day cooling at 3°C is the best and most appropriate solution to break down the seed dormancy and stimulate seed germination of the above-mentioned crop.

EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON GROWTH OF ANTIRRHINUM MAJUS ’UTAH WHITE’ IN A CARBON DIOXIDE-ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te-sen Pih ◽  
E. W. Toop
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Antirrhinum Majus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Snapdragon seedlings (Antirrhinum majus ’Utah White’) were benched in two adjoining greenhouse compartments. A randomized-block design including three concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) and a distilled water control was employed in each compartment. Treatments were replicated three times. Treatment of snapdragon seedlings with GA3 significantly increased the length of inflorescences, the overall height of the plants at maturity and the fresh weight of the tops when the plants were grown in a carbon dioxide-enriched atmosphere. Treatment hindered root development and reduced chlorophyll content of leaves in relation to dry weight. Plants grown in an atmosphere containing 0.09% CO2 had longer inflorescences, were taller, had greater fresh weight and more chlorophyll at each level of treatment with GA3 than such plants grown in an atmosphere containing 0.03% CO2. However, these comparisons were considered significant only for total height (control) and fresh weight of tops (0, 10 and 50 μg/ml GA3). Whereas GA3 at 10 μg/ml reduced length of roots proportionally in both levels of CO2, higher concentrations of GA3 continued to give significant reduction only under the higher level of CO2.

The Influence of Color Shading Net on the Growing of Lettuce

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Nithiwatthn Choosakul ◽  
Piyanath Pagamas
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Color Shading

Nowadays, shading net is widely use in Thailand, especially for vegetable production. Many colors of shading net can be found in the market. In this experiment, we set up three net houses for lettuce by using three colors of 50% transparent shading net, black, red and green. Ten of 15 days after planting (DAP) lettuces were moved to each color net house and control (direct sun). Total 40 lettuces were used for 10 days experiment. The result showed that the leave length and width of lettuce under red shading net respectively were significantly bigger than those under green shading net and control treatment without significant difference with the black shading net. The lettuce under red shading net had a highest stem diameter, fresh weight and dry weight comparing with others color shading net. The spectra of the solar radiations that transmitted through the red shading net were suitable for the photosynthesis of the lettuce leaves that could promote lettuce growth and yield.

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