scholarly journals The Formation Process of Terms from Common Albanian Words in Technical Terminologies (Mechanical, Electrical, Construction)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Gani Pllana ◽  
Sadete Pllana
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Native Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Technical Language ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Times

In this paper, in a more pronounced way we are exploring with priority the formation process of terms from Albanian common words in technical terminologies (mechanical, electrical, construction). The influence of the scientific-technical language on the general one will be further strengthened in future, because science and its language are beginning to play an increasingly more important role on the development of culture in general. Under the influence of these factors, the terminology lexicon and the general lexicon are getting every step closer, where, an intellectualized lexicon is serving as the basic interlink which exists in both macro-layers. On the other hand, this problem could be linked in a particular way with the formation in the course of the times, of the technical terminology built on the basis of words of the native language, which are raised to the level of terms for the nomination of specialized concepts of this field. Thus, for example, a range of words can be brought forward, which we come across as early as in Buzuk’s creation "Meshari’’ (“Missal”) (1555), which today are used as terms also, not only directly in today’s technical fields, like: fuqi, forcë, bosht, rrotë, rrotullohet (rrotulluem), (Engl. power, strength, axle, wheel, spinning (spinned) etc. As is evident, on this basis primarily Albanian terminology formations are created, alongside formations originating from foreign languages, as well as those built on the basis of authentic Albanian and of word formative models and types (term formative) thereof: boshtor, i rrotullueshëm (Engl. axial, rotating) etc.

scholarly journals Albanian Technical Terminologies as a Special Vocabulary and Its Challenges in the XXI Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Gani Pllana ◽  
Sadete Pllana
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Technical Language ◽  
Word Group ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Creation

In the conditions of the rapid development of technics and technology in recent years, the cooperation of the scientific-technical language with the standard Albanian language is continuing with a higher intensity than before. We notice a vigor of enrichment in the vocabulary of technical terminology, due to the creation and formation of new fields and subfields of technics, technology, also computing, mechatronics, telemetry, a multitude of concepts many of which, on one hand, are marked with names of the languages they come from, mainly from English, but on the other hand, they meet their needs with the lexical mother tongue composition (by common words being raised to terms) and with the activation of other layers, such as word-combination (word-group) terms. In this paper, in a more pronounced way, we are exploring with priority the formation process of terms from common words in technical terminologies. The influence of the scientific-technical language on the general one will be further strengthened in future, because science and its language are beginning to play an increasingly more important role on the development of culture in general.

scholarly journals A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smadel ◽  
M. J. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Soluble Substance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Times

Anti-soluble substance antibodies and neutralizing substances, which develop following infection with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis, appear to be separate entities. The times of appearance and regression of the two antibodies are different in both man and the guinea pig; the antisoluble substance antibodies appear earlier and remain a shorter time. Moreover, mice develop them but no demonstrable neutralizing substances. Injection of formalin-treated, virus-free extracts containing considerable amounts of soluble antigen fails to elicit anti-soluble substance antibodies and to induce immunity in normal guinea pigs; administration of such preparations to immune pigs, however, is followed by a marked increase in the titer of anti-soluble substance antibodies in their serum. On the other hand, suspensions of formolized washed virus are effective in normal guinea pigs in stimulating both anti-soluble substance antibodies and protective substances, and in inducing immunity to infection.

scholarly journals THE CRITICISM OF LITERALISM IN READING THE QUR'AN THROUGH NASR HAMID ABU ZAYD HERMENEUTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naupal Naupal
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Hermeneutic Circle ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Arab Culture ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Times ◽  
The One

Abu Zayd believes that understanding the Qur'an is not limited to explanations or comments. It involves an interpretation process for capturing the significance (maghza) from the literal text. Interpretation also requires a presupposition that the Qur'an itself does not produce literal absolutes and certainty. The presupposition needs an interpretation that illustrates the possibility of accepting the diversity of Qur'anic interpretations in the times. By using Abu Zayd's hermeneutics, the Qur'an is an icon of Islam and at the same time a representation of Arab culture itself which is not necessarily literally absolute, but is open to interpretation. Hans Georg Gadamer's hermeneutic circle that inspired Hermeneutics of Abu Zayd emphasized that in understanding and applying the meanings of the text, the subject played a role in the text rather than the other way around. This study aims to open opportunities that the Qur'an on the one hand is an objective thing seen from the content of its truth, that is seen from its universal message, but on the other hand it is subjective, because it is bound by the interpretation of the text. This research is also intended to avoid the sacredness of the ordination of a single interpretation of the Qur'an which has resulted in the emergence of fundamentalism which has recently become so prevalent in global Islamic societies, not least in Indonesia.

scholarly journals TRADISI IJTIHAD: MENGEMBALIKAN SEMANGAT PROGRESIVITAS ISLAM

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ah. Fawaid
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Current Challenge ◽  
The Times

<p>The tradition of <em>ijtihad</em> became a rare activity conducted. This tradition on the other hand seems to be the authority of the religious elite and another hand, yet the tradition of <em>ijtihad</em> which should be further developed. It became the spirit of Islamic progressivity. Without this tradition, Islam seems to be frozen and stutter for the challenges of the times. It must be realized that the current challenge may be resolved not merely refer to the creativity of the past. Contemporary challenges must be faced and solved by the present creativity as well. Creativity is a time only in the context of time resolve the problem and not always just as drawn to the matter at different times. Any period has a different way and solution in accordance with the challenges of his time. Similarly, each community has a different solution when faced with problems, even at the same time and same problem. This is where the interpretation of reality gave birth to the diversity of interpretation of a role as well as the diversity of truth. And moving the tradition of <em>ijtihad</em> is one of the efforts to mobilize Islam.</p>

Ruskin's Reputation in the Eighteen-Fifties : The Evidence of the Three Principal Weeklies

PMLA ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Jump
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pre Raphaelites ◽  
The Times ◽  
Eighteen Fifties

Mr. R. H. Wilenski protests against the common belief that Ruskin was a kind of Art-Dictator of England in the eighteen-fifties. Ruskin, he says, was not a best-selling author during that decade; nor, on the other hand, was he respected by established artists and architects. So slight was his repute, indeed, that his letters to the Times in May 1851 can have done little to influence either the general or the specialist public in favor of pre-Raphaelitism. This drastic revision of accepted notions has had surprisingly little effect. In Mr. Paul Bloomfield's William Morris, Ruskin appears once more as the critic who gave “status” to the Pre-Raphaelites; and Mr. William Gaunt declares that on May 13, 1851, “an eagle scream was heard, a mighty talon hovered over the correspondence columns of The Times. It was Ruskin to the rescue. The Pre-Raphaelites had found a champion.” Neither of these writers mentions Wilenski's dissent.

WHO IS AT FAULT?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. A24-A24
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
Free Exercise ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Care Costs

Doctors, lawyers, architects, and other professionals strike a bargain with society: Leave us alone, they say, and we will take care of you. . . . But do professionals warrant the trust placed in their hands? Headlines shout of bridges and buildings toppling. Health care costs escalate. Our children compare poorly in knowledge of science, math, and foreign languages with those of other countries. Malpractice suits skyrocket. Greed corrupts Wall Street. America has lost the industrial muscle that was once the envy of the world. Has our army of experts, whom we entrust to take care of us, let us down? Or, on the other hand, have we let them down, shackling them in regulations, keeping them from doing their jobs, impeding them in the free exercise of their expertise?

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN BAHASA ASING DAN DAERAH PADA PAPAN NAMAUSAHA DAN IKLAN (Studi Kasus di Banjarbaru dan Martapura)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Nurhidayati Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Local Languages

Abstract: The objective of this study is (1) to describe the choice of using foreign and local languages on the bussiness banners and advertisements in Banjarbaru and Martapura; and (2) to explain the reasons or the cause of using those languages. Data is obtained from purposive samples of business sign board found in Banjarbaru and Martapura city. Data analysis is using descriptive approach; it was describing the error from the sample. This research uses the rule of Indonesianization of foreign words and terms and AIDA theory (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action). The results of this research are (1) many Banjar and foreign languages are used in one business sign board; (2) three reasons of using foreign and local language: 1. latest icon are used to attract consumer’s attention to goods and services even though the icon is not relevant to Indonesian Language. 2. Using different languages deviate from grammar and uncommon word choice to attract consumer’s attention to the advertisement of product or business. 3. The use of local language is familiar to consumers of detail and services. This research shows that local phrases or terms are used to evoke consumer’s feeling. On the other hand, the use of English gives an educated impression to advertisers. 

scholarly journals Macedonian Language from the Perspective of its Balkan Environment (Language Tendencies)

2015 ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Marjan Markovik`
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
The Past ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Foreign Origin

Macedonian Language from the Perspective of its Balkan Environment (Language Tendencies)In the past fifteen years, Macedonian standard language and its dialects have been subject to various changes effected for the purpose of establishing clearer and simpler communication. At dialectal level, Macedonian speeches are dissolving and fewer differences can be noticed between city and rural speeches. On the other hand, Macedonian contemporary language is subject to various changes and accelerated development both due to the dissolving of dialects and to the need of adaptation of the influences of foreign languages. Therefore, in this text, I shall attempt to portray two linguistic phenomena, that have not been researched much until now, but that have recently become more intense and which, in a way, show the tendencies in both dialects and contemporary Macedonian language. The first phenomenon that I shall portray is the increasingly present use of double prepositions in Ohrid speech, a phenomenon that has not yet been researched or initiated in the Balkan linguistic environment. The other phenomenon concerns contemporary language and portrays how language deals (in relation to the accommodation by type and tense) with the verbs of foreign origin. Język macedoński w bałkańskim kontekście językowym (tendencje językowe)W ostatnim piętnastoleciu zarówno macedoński standard, jak i dialekty podlegają zmianom, których kierunek wyznacza jasność i jednoznaczność procesu komunikacji. Na poziomie dialektów, język macedoński dzieli się i traci różnicę między miejskim i wiejskim wariantem. Z drugiej strony język macedoński podlega przemianom związanym z przyspieszonym rozwojem i dialektalną dyferencjacją z powodu konieczności adaptacji obcych wpływów. Z tego powodu w moim artykule staram się zaprezentować dwie tendencje językowe, mało dotąd zbadane, które są coraz bardziej widoczne zarówno na poziomie dialektów, jak i na poziomie współczesnego macedońskiego standardu. Pierwsza z nich, słabo zbadana i będąca wynikiem bałkańskiego kontekstu językowego, jest związana z coraz częstszym podwajaniem przyimków w ochrydzkiej odmianie języka macedońskiego. Druga widoczna jest jako tendencja, która unaocznia akomodacyjne procesy (obejmujące system czasów i rodzajów) we współczesnym macedońskim standardzie w odniesieniu do czasowników obcego pochodzenia.Mакедонскиот јазик во балканското јазично опкружување(јазичните тенденции)Во последниве петнаесетина години, македонскиот стандарден и дијалектен јазик е подложен на низа промени во правец на појасна и поеднозначна комуникација. На дијалектно ниво, македонските говори се раслојуваат и се губат разликите меѓу градските и селските говори. Од друга страна пак, македонскиот современ јазик е подложен на низа промени и забрзан развој и поради раслојување на дијалектите и поради потребата за адаптација на туѓојазичните влијанија Затоа, во овој текст се обидувам да покажам две јазични појави, досега малку проучувани, кои во последниот период земаат сè поголем замав, и на одреден начин ги покажуваат тенденциите и во дијалектниот и во современиот македонски јазик. Првата појава која ја претставувам се однесува на сè позачестеното удвојување на предлозите во охридскиот говор, појава досега непроучувана и поттикната од балканското јазично опкружување. Другата појава се однесува на современиот македонски јазик и покажува како јазикот се справува (во однос на видската и временската акомодација) со глаголите од туѓо потекло.

scholarly journals STATUS PEWARISAN TRANSEKSUAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM WARIS ADAT MINANGKABAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-225
Author(s):  
Sonny Dewi Judiasih ◽  
Elycia Feronia Salim ◽  
Agitha Putri Andany Hidayat ◽  
Cynthia Kurniawan ◽  
Rifny Meirizka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Hormonal Factors ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Times ◽  
Adat Law

Abstrak Seiring perkembangan zaman, dewasa ini terdapat orang yang berkeinginan mengubah jenis kelaminnya yang disebut sebagai transeksual. Faktor yang menyebabkan seseorang menjadi transeksual selain dari faktor hormonal dapat juga terjadi karena pengaruh faktor lingkungan. Dalam hal ini akan menimbulkan masalah dalam segala aspek hukum dan bidang kehidupan salah satunya terkait dengan pewarisan bagi transeksual. Di Indonesia, eksistensi hukum adat terutama dalam hal waris masih diakui. Masyarakat adat khususnya adat Minangkabau yang menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai dan norma agama Islam tentunya menolak keberadaan transeksual di lingkungan mereka dan dengan ditolaknya keberadaan transeksual di Adat Minangkabau, transeksual tidak berhak dalam pewarisan dalam waris adat khususnya di Minangkabau. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui, menjelaskan dan menganalisis tentang pewarisan transeksual dalam Hukum Waris Adat Minangkabau. Kata Kunci : agama, hukum adat, hukum waris, transeksual Abstract Along with the times, there are people who wants to change their sex, which is called transsexual. Factor that cause a person to become transsexual aside from hormonal factors can also occur due to the influence of environmental factors. On the other hand returning to norms and religion is considered to violate the norms and values of custom and religion, in this case, it will cause problems in all aspects of law and life, one of which is related to inheritance for transsexual. In Indonesia, the existence of Adat Law esspecialy in heir matter still recognized. Indigenous peoples especially Adat Minangkabau, who uphold Islamic religious values and norms naturally reject the existence of transsexual in their environment. There fore, transsexual are not entitled to inhertitance in Adat Minangkau in inheritance. The purpose in this paper is to find out, explain, and analyze abput transsexual inhertitance in Minangkabau Adat Law. Keyword : adat law, inheritance adat law, religion, transsexual

scholarly journals HOW TO QUICKLY MASTER KAZAKH? . ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF APPLIED SCIENCES JOURNAL WORLD ISSN 2733-3817, (1(17), 55–58.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meirimkul Muhamediarovna Tuleup ◽  
Dinara Mirzhanovna Arystangalieva
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Native Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

In the 21st century, many people are wondering how to learn the Kazakh language. Someone needs it for work, someone - for study, and still others learn it, because it is their native language. There are many reasons, but one goal. On the other hand, there is often a need to learn a language by a certain time (for motivation or for a real deadline) and the question arises of how to quickly master it.

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