Recent Development: Enantioselective Extraction in Chiral Separation

This paper discusses the recent development of enantioselective extraction methods. There are several methods in this field. The principles of all of enantioselective extraction methods are presented a focus on twophase extractions, in these methods used a chiral compound that named chiral selector, this compound distinguishes between two chiral isomers in complexation process, then one isomer more captured by chiral selector, and separation processes happen. The chiral selector should dissolve in on phase. In these methods, typical performance data are reported major emphasis on distribution ratio and enantioselectivity value or selectivity factor. In this paper, we introduce types of enantioselective extraction method, and discuss about them with several examples.

Download Full-text

Recent Development: Enantio Selective Eextraction in Chiral Separation

Austin Chromatography ◽

10.26420/austinchromatogrl.2021.1052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Hadjmohammadi ◽

◽

Majidhashemi ◽

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Chiral Selector ◽

Selectivity Factor ◽

Chiral Compound ◽

Separation Processes ◽

Typical Performance ◽

Enantioselective Extraction ◽

Major Emphasis ◽

Complexation Process

Download Full-text

Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods Developed for Forensic and Ancient DNA Applications Using Bone Samples of Different Age

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12020146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Catarina Xavier ◽

Mayra Eduardoff ◽

Barbara Bertoglio ◽

Christina Amory ◽

Cordula Berger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Extraction ◽

Ancient Dna ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Fragment Size ◽

Molecular Genetic ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Degraded Dna ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Dna Fragments ◽

Dna Amount

The efficient extraction of DNA from challenging samples, such as bones, is critical for the success of downstream genotyping analysis in molecular genetic disciplines. Even though the ancient DNA community has developed several protocols targeting small DNA fragments that are typically present in decomposed or old specimens, only recently forensic geneticists have started to adopt those protocols. Here, we compare an ancient DNA extraction protocol (Dabney) with a bone extraction method (Loreille) typically used in forensics. Real-time quantitative PCR and forensically representative typing methods including fragment size analysis and sequencing were used to assess protocol performance. We used four bone samples of different age in replicates to study the effects of both extraction methods. Our results confirm Loreille’s overall increased gain of DNA when enough tissue is available and Dabney’s improved efficiency for retrieving shorter DNA fragments that is beneficial when highly degraded DNA is present. The results suggest that the choice of extraction method needs to be based on available sample, degradation state, and targeted genotyping method. We modified the Dabney protocol by pooling parallel lysates prior to purification to study gain and performance in single tube typing assays and found that up to six parallel lysates lead to an almost linear gain of extracted DNA. These data are promising for further forensic investigations as the adapted Dabney protocol combines increased sensitivity for degraded DNA with necessary total DNA amount for forensic applications.

Download Full-text

Impact of Extraction Method on the Detection of Quality Biomarkers in Normal vs. DFD Meat

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1097

Author(s):

Laura González-Blanco ◽

Yolanda Diñeiro ◽

Andrea Díaz-Luis ◽

Ana Coto-Montes ◽

Mamen Oliván ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Protein Pattern ◽

Stress Protein ◽

Electrophoretic Pattern ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Sds Page ◽

Weight Protein ◽

Triton X ◽

Protein Extractability ◽

Selection Of

The objective of this work was to demonstrate how the extraction method affects the reliability of biomarker detection and how this detection depends on the biomarker location within the cell compartment. Different extraction methods were used to study the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar fractions of the Longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle of young bulls of the Asturiana de los Valles breed in two quality grades, standard (Control) or dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat. Protein extractability and the expression of some of the main meat quality biomarkers—oxidative status (lipoperoxidation (LPO) and catalase activity (CAT)), proteome (SDS-PAGE electrophoretic pattern), and cell stress protein (Hsp70)—were analyzed. In the sarcoplasmic fraction, buffers containing Triton X-100 showed significantly higher protein extractability, LPO, and higher intensity of high-molecular-weight protein bands, whereas the TES buffer was more sensitive to distinguishing differences in the protein pattern between the Control and DFD meat. In the myofibrillar fraction, samples extracted with the lysis buffer showed significantly higher protein extractability, whereas samples extracted with the non-denaturing buffer showed higher results for LPO, CAT, and Hsp70, and higher-intensity bands in the electrophoretic pattern. These findings highlight the need for the careful selection of the extraction method used to analyze the different biomarkers considering their cellular location to adapt the extractive process.

Download Full-text

Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Using an Optimised Dual Extraction Process to Study Human Brain Cancer Cells and Tissues

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11040240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Alison Woodward ◽

Alina Pandele ◽

Salah Abdelrazig ◽

Catherine A. Ortori ◽

Iqbal Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Serum Starvation ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Metabolic Genes ◽

Dual Extraction

The integration of untargeted metabolomics and transcriptomics from the same population of cells or tissue enhances the confidence in the identified metabolic pathways and understanding of the enzyme–metabolite relationship. Here, we optimised a simultaneous extraction method of metabolites/lipids and RNA from ependymoma cells (BXD-1425). Relative to established RNA (mirVana kit) or metabolite (sequential solvent addition and shaking) single extraction methods, four dual-extraction techniques were evaluated and compared (methanol:water:chloroform ratios): cryomill/mirVana (1:1:2); cryomill-wash/Econospin (5:1:2); rotation/phenol-chloroform (9:10:1); Sequential/mirVana (1:1:3). All methods extracted the same metabolites, yet rotation/phenol-chloroform did not extract lipids. Cryomill/mirVana and sequential/mirVana recovered the highest amounts of RNA, at 70 and 68% of that recovered with mirVana kit alone. sequential/mirVana, involving RNA extraction from the interphase of our established sequential solvent addition and shaking metabolomics-lipidomics extraction method, was the most efficient approach overall. Sequential/mirVana was applied to study a) the biological effect caused by acute serum starvation in BXD-1425 cells and b) primary ependymoma tumour tissue. We found (a) 64 differentially abundant metabolites and 28 differentially expressed metabolic genes, discovering four gene-metabolite interactions, and (b) all metabolites and 62% lipids were above the limit of detection, and RNA yield was sufficient for transcriptomics, in just 10 mg of tissue.

Download Full-text

A Structural Analysis Based Feature Extraction Method for OCR System For Myanmar Printed Document Images

International Journal of Computer Vision and Image Processing ◽

10.4018/ijcvip.2012010102 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 16-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Htwe Pa Pa Win ◽

Phyo Thu Thu Khine ◽

Khin Nwe Ni Tun

Keyword(s):

Feature Extraction ◽

Structural Analysis ◽

Character Recognition ◽

Optical Character Recognition ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Recognition Performance ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Support Vector ◽

Svm Classifier ◽

Feature Extraction Method

This paper proposes a new feature extraction method for off-line recognition of Myanmar printed documents. One of the most important factors to achieve high recognition performance in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system is the selection of the feature extraction methods. Different types of existing OCR systems used various feature extraction methods because of the diversity of the scripts’ natures. One major contribution of the work in this paper is the design of logically rigorous coding based features. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, this paper assumed the documents are successfully segmented into characters and extracted features from these isolated Myanmar characters. These features are extracted using structural analysis of the Myanmar scripts. The experimental results have been carried out using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and compare the pervious proposed feature extraction method.

Download Full-text

Compositional Analysis and Aroma Evaluation of Feijoa Essential Oils from New Zealand Grown Cultivars

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24112053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (11) ◽

pp. 2053 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yaoyao Peng ◽

Karen Suzanne Bishop ◽

Siew Young Quek

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Initial Comparison

Feijoa is an aromatic fruit and the essential oil from feijoa peel could be a valuable by-product in the juicing industry. An initial comparison of the essential oil extraction methods, steam-distillation and hydro-distillation, was conducted. The volatile compounds in the essential oils from four feijoa cultivars were identified and semi-quantified by GC-MS and the aroma active compounds in each essential oil were characterized using SPME-GC-O-MS. Hydro-distillation, with a material to water ratio of 1:4 and an extraction time of 90 min, was the optimized extraction method for feijoa essential oil. The Wiki Tu cultivar produced the highest essential oil yield among the four selected cultivars. A total of 160 compounds were detected, among which 90 compounds were reported for the first time in feijoa essential oils. Terpenes and esters were dominant compounds in feijoa essential oil composition and were also major contributors to feijoa essential oil aroma. Key aroma active compounds in feijoa essential oils were α-terpineol, ethyl benzoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl hexanoate, linalool, (E)-geraniol, 2-undecanone, 3-octanone, α-cubebene, and germacrene D. This is the first report on the optimization of the extraction method and the establishment of the aroma profile of feijoa essential oils, with a comparison of four New Zealand grown cultivars.

Download Full-text

Optimization of Protein Extraction Method for 2DE Proteomics of Goat’s Milk

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25112625 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 2625

Author(s):

Muzammeer Mansor ◽

Jameel R. Al-Obaidi ◽

Nurain Nadiah Jaafar ◽

Intan Hakimah Ismail ◽

Atiqah Farah Zakaria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Protein Extraction ◽

Chloroform Solution ◽

Milk Proteins ◽

Peptide Mass Fingerprinting ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Goat’S Milk ◽

Peptide Mass ◽

Goat's Milk

Two-dimensional electrophoretic (2DE)-based proteomics remains a powerful tool for allergenomic analysis of goat’s milk but requires effective extraction of proteins to accurately profile the overall causative allergens. However, there are several current issues with goat’s milk allergenomic analysis, and among these are the absence of established standardized extraction method for goat’s milk proteomes and the complexity of goat’s milk matrix that may hamper the efficacy of protein extraction. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacies of three different protein extraction methods, qualitatively and quantitatively, for the 2DE-proteomics, using milk from two commercial dairy goats in Malaysia, Saanen, and Jamnapari. Goat’s milk samples from both breeds were extracted by using three different methods: a milk dilution in urea/thiourea based buffer (Method A), a triphasic separation protocol in methanol/chloroform solution (Method B), and a dilution in sulfite-based buffer (Method C). The efficacies of the extraction methods were assessed further by performing the protein concentration assay and 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE profiling, as well as identifying proteins by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS. The results showed that method A recovered the highest amount of proteins (72.68% for Saanen and 71.25% for Jamnapari) and produced the highest number of protein spots (199 ± 16.1 and 267 ± 10.6 total spots for Saanen and Jamnapari, respectively) with superior gel resolution and minimal streaking. Six milk protein spots from both breeds were identified based on the positive peptide mass fingerprinting matches with ruminant milk proteins from public databases, using the Mascot software. These results attest to the fitness of the optimized protein extraction protocol, method A, for 2DE proteomic and future allergenomic analysis of the goat’s milk.

Download Full-text

Methods to extract the exopolymeric matrix from biofilms: a comparative study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0365 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 243-250 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Joana Azeredo ◽

Valentina Lazarova ◽

Rosário Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Mixed Culture ◽

Pure Culture ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Extraction Method ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Suitable Method ◽

The Matrix ◽

Biofilm Matrix

To study the composition of a biofilm a previous extraction method is required to separate cells from the matrix. There are several methods reported in the literature; however they are not efficient or promote leakage of intracellular material. In this work several extraction methods were assayed in mixed culture and pure culture biofilms and their efficiency was evaluated by the amount of organic carbon, proteins and intracellular material extracted. The results showed that the extraction with glutaraldehyde 3% (w/v) was the most suitable method, extracting great amounts of organic carbon without promoting cell lysis or permeabilization. Glutaraldehyde is a bifunctional reagent that binds to cell walls avoiding their permeabilization and the biofilm matrix is solubilized in the solution.

Download Full-text

Are streamflow recession characteristics really characteristic?

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences ◽

10.5194/hess-17-817-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 817-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

M. Stoelzle ◽

K. Stahl ◽

M. Weiler

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Catchment Scale ◽

Model Parameterization ◽

Recession Curves ◽

Recession Analysis ◽

Meso Scale

Abstract. Streamflow recession has been investigated by a variety of methods, often involving the fit of a model to empirical recession plots to parameterize a non-linear storage–outflow relationship based on the dQ/dt−Q method. Such recession analysis methods (RAMs) are used to estimate hydraulic conductivity, storage capacity, or aquifer thickness and to model streamflow recession curves for regionalization and prediction at the catchment scale. Numerous RAMs have been published, but little is known about how comparably the resulting recession models distinguish characteristic catchment behavior. In this study we combined three established recession extraction methods with three different parameter-fitting methods to the power-law storage–outflow model to compare the range of recession characteristics that result from the application of these different RAMs. Resulting recession characteristics including recession time and corresponding storage depletion were evaluated for 20 meso-scale catchments in Germany. We found plausible ranges for model parameterization; however, calculated recession characteristics varied over two orders of magnitude. While recession characteristics of the 20 catchments derived with the different methods correlate strongly, particularly for the RAMs that use the same extraction method, not all rank the catchments consistently, and the differences among some of the methods are larger than among the catchments. To elucidate this variability we discuss the ambiguous roles of recession extraction procedures and the parameterization of the storage–outflow model and the limitations of the presented recession plots. The results suggest strong limitations to the comparability of recession characteristics derived with different methods, not only in the model parameters but also in the relative characterization of different catchments. A multiple-methods approach to investigating streamflow recession characteristics should be considered for applications whenever possible.

Download Full-text

3D Model Skeleton Extraction Based on Poisson Equation

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.65.407 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 407-410

Author(s):

Xiao Qing Feng

Keyword(s):

Energy Distribution ◽

Poisson Equation ◽

Critical Points ◽

Extraction Method ◽

3D Model ◽

Geodesic Distance ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Skeleton Extraction ◽

Topology Structure

Existing skeleton extraction methods, however, are often sensitive to noises and disconnected. This paper proposed a skeleton extraction method based on Poisson equation. It can approximate the topology structure of the input 3D model well, and avoid the broken lines. First, the proposed method extracts critical points of a 3D model by using Poisson equation and geodesic distance. Then the extracted critical points are connected and star skeleton of the 3D model is defined. Finally, the reverse force filed based Poisson energy distribution is used to push star skeleton into final result. Experiments show that the extracted skeleton is continuous and has no small branches affected model noises.

Download Full-text