Association between Non-Medical Cannabis Use and Anxiety Disorders in Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ordean A ◽  
◽  
Pollieri E ◽  
Giby K ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Young Women ◽  
English Language ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Reducing Potential

Introduction: Non-medical cannabis use and anxiety disorders are highly prevalent among Canadian women; however, the direction of this assocation remains controversial. The objective of this article is to provide an evidencebased update regarding the effect of non-medical cannabis on anxiety symptoms in women. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PsychINFO and MEDLINE for articles related to cannabis and marijuana use among women with anxiety or anxiety disorders. Only English language literature from 2010 to 2020 was reviewed. Studies including patients under the age of 18 and studies addressing medical cannabis were excluded. Four studies met our inclusion criteria for this review. Results: Cannabis use and anxiety disorders are both highly prevalent among young women. Other substance use in addition to cannabis is frequently reported by women. Reasons for cannabis use by women with anxiety differed from those of men. Findings did not show a direct association between cannabis use and anxiety symptoms. Women who used cannabis did not report higher rates of anxiety nor did anxiety predict the onset of cannabis use. Conclusion: There is no evidence to indicate that non-medical cannabis use worsens anxiety symptoms among women. Further studies should focus on reducing potential confounding factors and developing a reliable method of quantifying cannabis use in order to determine the direction of the interaction between cannabis and anxiety disorders among women.

scholarly journals Duration of Neurocognitive Impairment With Medical Cannabis Use: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Eadie ◽  
Lindsay A. Lo ◽  
April Christiansen ◽  
Jeffrey R. Brubacher ◽  
Alasdair M. Barr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Neurocognitive Impairment ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Dose Dependent

While the recreational use of cannabis has well-established dose-dependent effects on neurocognitive and psychomotor functioning, there is little consensus on the degree and duration of impairment typically seen with medical marijuana use. Compared to recreational cannabis users, medical cannabis patients have distinct characteristics that may modify the presence and extent of impairment. The goal of this review was to determine the duration of acute neurocognitive impairment associated with medical cannabis use, and to identify differences between medical cannabis patients and recreational users. These findings are used to gain insight on how medical professionals can best advise medical cannabis patients with regards to automobile driving or safety-sensitive tasks at work. A systematic electronic search for English language randomized controlled trials (RCTs), clinical trials and systematic reviews (in order to capture any potentially missed RCTs) between 2000 and 2019 was conducted through Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases using MeSH terms. Articles were limited to medical cannabis patients using cannabis for chronic non-cancer pain or spasticity. After screening titles and abstracts, 37 relevant studies were subjected to full-text review. Overall, seven controlled trials met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis: six RCTs and one observational clinical trial. Neurocognitive testing varied significantly between all studies, including the specific tests administered and the timing of assessments post-cannabis consumption. In general, cognitive performance declined mostly in a THC dose-dependent manner, with steady resolution of impairment in the hours following THC administration. Doses of THC were lower than those typically reported in recreational cannabis studies. In all the studies, there was no difference between any of the THC groups and placebo on any neurocognitive measure after 4 h of recovery. Variability in the dose-dependent relationship raises the consideration that there are other important factors contributing to the duration of neurocognitive impairment besides the dose of THC ingested. These modifiable and non-modifiable factors are individually discussed.

Non-audiofacial morbidity after Gamma Knife surgery for vestibular schwannoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. E4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Sughrue ◽  
Isaac Yang ◽  
Seunggu J. Han ◽  
Derick Aranda ◽  
Ari J. Kane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Schwannoma ◽  
English Language ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Vestibular Schwannomas ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Dose Cohort ◽  
Shunt Treatment ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Language Literature

Object While many studies have been published outlining morbidity following radiosurgical treatment of vestibular schwannomas, significant interpractitioner and institutional variability still exists. For this reason, the authors conducted a systematic review of the literature for non-audiofacial-related morbidity after the treatment of vestibular schwannoma with radiosurgery. Methods The authors performed a comprehensive search of the English-language literature to identify studies that published outcome data of patients undergoing radiosurgery treatment for vestibular schwannomas. In total, 254 articles were found that described more than 50,000 patients and were analyzed for satisfying the authors' inclusion criteria. Patients from these studies were then separated into 2 cohorts based on the marginal dose of radiation: ≤ 13 Gy and > 13 Gy. All tumors included in this study were < 25 mm in their largest diameter. Results A total of 63 articles met the criteria of the established search protocol, which combined for a total of 5631 patients. Patients receiving > 13 Gy were significantly more likely to develop trigeminal nerve neuropathy than those receiving < 13 Gy (p < 0.001). While we found no relationship between radiation dose and the rate of developing hydrocephalus (0.6% for both cohorts), patients with hydrocephalus who received doses > 13 Gy appeared to have a higher rate of symptomatic hydrocephalus requiring shunt treatment (96% [> 13 Gy] vs 56% [≤ 13 Gy], p < 0.001). The rates of vertigo or balance disturbance (1.1% [> 13 Gy] vs 1.8% [≤ 13 Gy], p = 0.001) and tinnitus (0.1% [> 13 Gy] vs 0.7% [≤ 13 Gy], p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the lower dose cohort than those in the higher dose cohort. Conclusions The results of our review of the literature provide a systematic summary of the published rates of nonaudiofacial morbidity following radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma.

scholarly journals The Incidence and Prevalence of Neuromyelitis Optica

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Ann Marrie ◽  
Caroline Gryba
Keyword(s):  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
English Language ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Language Literature

Interest in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has increased substantially over the last few years, but it is not known whether NMO has the same geographic and temporal variations in disease risk as multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to evaluate the worldwide incidence and prevalence of NMO through a systematic review of published peer-reviewed studies. We performed a search of the English-language literature using MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 1985 to March 2012. Search terms included “neuromyelitis optica,” “Devic's,” “opticospinal,” “incidence,” “prevalence,” and “epidemiology.” We assessed study quality using a standardized instrument. A total of five studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of the studies were from North America, and all studies were published between 2005 and 2012. All studies were of good quality, but only one study reported standardized rates, and subgroup-specific estimates were rarely reported. The incidence of NMO per 100,000 population ranged from 0.053 to 0.40, while the prevalence per 100,000 population ranged from 0.52 to 4.4. Heterogeneity was high among the incidence (I2 = 68.0%) and prevalence studies (I2 = 94.0%). This review highlights the limited knowledge regarding the epidemiology of NMO and the importance of obtaining estimates standardized to common populations to enhance comparability of studies from different jurisdictions. Future studies would also benefit from reporting age-, sex-, and race- or ethnicity-specific estimates.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Patient Assaults Against Residents

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Kwok ◽  
Britta Ostermeyer ◽  
John Coverdale
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Psychiatry Residents ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Supervisors ◽  
Training Directors ◽  
Patient Violence ◽  
Patient Assaults ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Language Literature

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature on the prevalence of patient assaults against residents in all specialties, and to identify curricula that address this issue. Methods The authors searched published English-language literature using PubMed and Scopus databases using key terms including “patient,” “assaults,” “threats,” “violence,” “aggression,” and “residents.” A separate search to identify curricula used the same terms in combination with key words including “curriculum,” “didactics,” and “course.” Bibliographies of studies found by electronic searches were also searched manually. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 7 were conducted on psychiatry residents alone, 6 assessed assaults on residents in nonpsychiatric specialties, and 2 reported cross-specialty data. The prevalence of assaults was defined as the percentage of residents who have experienced at least one assault. The prevalence of physical assaults on residents was 38% in surgery, 26% in emergency medicine, 16% to 40% in internal medicine, 5% to 9% in pediatrics, and 25% to 64% in psychiatry. All studies were cross-sectional; none collected data prospectively. Definitions of assault were heterogeneous or not specified. Few of the assaults were reported to clinical supervisors or training directors, and no programs had a formal reporting process. Approximately 21% to 79% of psychiatry residents and 30% of residents in other specialties had received some training on how to manage violent patients. We found no descriptions of formal curricula for managing the possibility of patient violence against residents or for preparing for the aftermath. Conclusions Although the data are limited, assaults by patients are commonly experienced by residents in training. There is a paucity of information and curricula that pertain to reducing the prevalence of these incidents and to addressing potential psychologic consequences, especially in nonpsychiatric specialties.

scholarly journals Early cannabis use and its relation to the development of psychiatric disorders: a review

Salud Mental ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Roncero ◽  
◽  
Raúl Felipe Palma-Álvarez ◽  
Víctor Barrau ◽  
Neide Urbano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Psychiatric Diseases ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
The World

Background. Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in the world. Both an early cannabis use onset and the amount used contribute to the risk of suffering mental disorders in adulthood. Objective. Review longitudinal studies conducted on adolescents associating early cannabis use with the subsequent occurrence of mental disorders. Method. A search was conducted in PubMed until December 2016, focusing on longitudinal researches and prioritizing studies that clearly distinguished between an early and late onset of cannabis use. To achieve the objective, the word “cannabis” was used in combination with the main psychiatric diseases. A manual search of articles that appeared in the references was also conducted. Results. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, but only five studies discriminated clearly between early and late onset of cannabis use. An association was found between early onset of cannabis use and mental disorders, particularly psychosis. The information regarding affective and anxiety disorders is more controversial. Discussion and conclusion. Early onset of cannabis use is associated with mental disorders, especially psychosis. Prevention plans for cannabis use in adolescents should be developed in order to decrease the risk of mental disorders.

“Where is Dementia?” A Systematic Literature Review Exploring Neuroanatomical Aspects of Dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 9-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chorong Oh ◽  
Leonard LaPointe
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Language Literature

Dementia is a condition caused by and associated with separate physical changes in the brain. The signs and symptoms of dementia are very similar across the diverse types, and it is difficult to diagnose the category by behavioral symptoms alone. Diagnostic criteria have relied on a constellation of signs and symptoms, but it is critical to understand the neuroanatomical differences among the dementias for a more precise diagnosis and subsequent management. With this regard, this review aims to explore the neuroanatomical aspects of dementia to better understand the nature of distinctive subtypes, signs, and symptoms. This is a review of English language literature published from 1996 to the present day of peer-reviewed academic and medical journal articles that report on older people with dementia. This review examines typical neuroanatomical aspects of dementia and reinforces the importance of a thorough understanding of the neuroanatomical characteristics of the different types of dementia and the differential diagnosis of them.

Tauchnitz for Translators. The Circulation of English-language Literature in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Production ◽  
German Publisher ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.

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