scholarly journals PROJECT MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN THE FIELD OF ECOLOGY: RATIONAL NATURE USE AND RESOURCE SAVING

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Evdokimova ◽  
S. M. Sycheva ◽  
T. B. Shramchenko
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Environmental Projects ◽  
Management Issues

The largest environmental issues in Russia have been considered in the article, their relationship with the development trends of the country’s economy and the legacy of the Soviet period has been traced, the directions of projects in the field of ecology, as well as the problems of their implementation have been reviewed, these issues have been compared with the practice of environmental projects in developed countries. Today, as we see, the issue of ecology is not in last place. The negative impact of humanity on the environment has reached an alarming level. There is a constant update, as well as the development of new technologies and techniques to prevent environmental problems in the country. Successful implementation of environmental projects directly depends on the level of education and the involvement of the population in solving environmental issues.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence, Globalization, and Strategies for Economic Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-53
Author(s):  
Anton Korinek ◽  
Joseph Stiglitz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Winner Takes All

Progress in artificial intelligence and related forms of automation technologies threatens to reverse the gains that developing countries and emerging markets have experienced from integrating into the world economy over the past half century, aggravating poverty and inequality. The new technologies have the tendency to be labor-saving, resource-saving, and to give rise to winner-takes-all dynamics that advantage developed countries. We analyze the economic forces behind these developments and describe economic policies that would mitigate the adverse effects on developing and emerging economies while leveraging the potential gains from technological advances. We also describe reforms to our global system of economic governance that would share the benefits of AI more widely with developing countries.

Digital Strategies for the Transnationalization of the Banking Business: International Experience and Russian Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 557-568
Author(s):  
A. R. Akhmetova ◽  
T. A. Subtselnaya
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Banking Business ◽  
General Scientific

Aim. The strengthening of globalization processes goes hand in hand with the intensification of international trade in goods and services, the structure of which depends on the decisive influence of new technologies that change the nature of cross-border cooperation. This determines the goals for studying the development of transnational banking with allowance for digitalization, which serves the purpose of maintaining economic relations at this level.Tasks. The authors consider digital technologies in banking as a resource that ensures the successful implementation of banking strategies aimed at reaching the transnational level of operation.Methods. This study uses theoretical and general scientific methods of systems, logical, structural, and comparative analysis.Results. It is established that changes taking place in the transnational banking business are primarily associated with the decreasing growth of the banking sector in developed countries and the increasing financial influence of countries with transitional and developing economies, including Russia.Conclusions. Based on a review of the international and Russian experience of digitalization in the banking sector, it is concluded that an efficient strategy for the development of transnational banking involves the integration of digital and non-digital resources. The goal of this process is to develop a brand-new service for providing access to innovative banking products and services, allowing the bank to remain competitive.

scholarly journals “NEW INEQUALITY” AND ECONOMIC GROWTH AFTER COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-387
Author(s):  
P.M. Lukichev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ruling Class

The article analyzes the main forms of manifestation of the "new inequality" caused by the coronavirus crisis. The author identifies the reasons for the growing inequality in developed countries and reveals its tendencies in incomes, benefits and compensations received, in welfare of various decile groups of employees. Among the causes of economic inequality there are: rent-seeking, misguided macroeconomic policy, the declining role of trade unions, the role of new technologies and changes in the structure of labor demand. A new form of economic inequality is revealed: the relationship between the level of health and the level of education (income). A new ruling class of developed countries has been identified that is interested in further strengthening economic inequality. The author shows that the pandemic has led to a sharp stratification of income and the welfare of employees, both within countries and between countries, turning inequality into a dangerous economic disease. According to the author, the most striking manifestation of the "new inequality" on a global scale is the lack of access to vaccinations in most countries of the world. The article shows the negative impact of income inequality on economic growth in the long run. The author believes that the "new inequality" requires a change in national macroeconomic policy after the coronavirus crisis.

The Problem of Productivity Factors in the Economy of Modern Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Елена Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya ◽  
Леонид Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Main Production ◽  
Per Capita

The econometric models constructed in the work allowed us to establish the main production factors that streamline the productivity level — per capita GRP in modern Russia. The most significant positive impact on productivity is exerted by capital, which estimated by the labor funds. The level of education of the employed population has a significant positive impact on productivity. In most regions of the country, new technologies, embodied in new fixed assets, have a positive impact on productivity. In most regions of the country, the number of officials has a significant negative impact on productivity.

scholarly journals Global factors influencing the innovative development of the national economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Anna VORONA
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Training System ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Factors Influencing

The article is devoted to the study of global factors influencing the innovative development of the national economy, which aims to support Ukraine's global competitiveness. The article defines the internal prerequisites for the innovative decline of economic sectors of the national economy which result in social, economic, political, scientific losses, and, as a consequence, reduced demand for research activities, reducing the effectiveness of research and the pace of innovation development of the national economy as a whole. An innovative type of economy aims at maximizing the economic impact of every new or improved technology and idea. It is complex and is characterized by the introduction of fundamentally new technologies and a rethinking of the importance of components in every area of economic activity. The main purpose of the paper is to study the dynamics of innovation processes of the national economy, the factors influencing the innovative development of the national economy. The level of implementation of innovative technologies remained low. A considerable part of material and human resources is directed to ensuring the effective activity of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, modernization of military equipment, training of military specialists in universities and more. The long duration of hostilities in the East, the volatility of the exchange rate, the need for constant upgrading and constant upgrading of military equipment - these and other factors are inefficient spending of budget funds. Also, in recent years there has been a high interest of the population to emigrate to other, more developed countries. The loss of such categories of workers has a negative impact on the age and educationally-qualified staff structure and the pace of development of the national economy. Ukraine's IT outsourcing market has great potential, and its products can cause structural changes that will shape new trends in the Ukrainian economy. This industry has achieved such success through the constant modernization of old and the creation of new technologies and products. The most important factor contributing to the continuous development and supporting the competitiveness of the IT industry in the world market is the stimulation of creative development. Therefore, creative capacity-building should be carried out at a high level in institutions represented by the education and training system and implemented in the process of innovative development.

scholarly journals Утицај спољне трговине на привредни раст Републике Српске // The Effect of foreign trade on economic growth in the Republic of Srpska

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Миленко Крајишник ◽  
Далибор Томаш
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Complete Agreement ◽  
The Republic

Резиме: Још од Адама Смита (Adam Smith), научници улажу огромне напоре да истраже и докажу односе и законитости између спољне трговине и економског раста. Заједничко за сва досадашња истраживања јесте да не постоји потпуна сагласност о директној, позитивној условљености спољне трговине и економског раста, али највећи број истраживања доказује постојање статистички значајне, директне повезаности. Посебна пажња посвећена је анализи утицаја спољне трговине на земље у развоју, првенствено као канала за увоз нових технологија, чиме је доказивано да раст увоза не мора увијек да има негативан утицај на економски раст, већ може да утиче и на раст продуктивности, односно, посредно, и на укупан економски раст земље увознице.Истраживање утицаја спољне трговине на економски раст добија посебан значај након 2008. године, односно након утицаја свјетске економске кризе, јер мале, отворене привреде, као што је и привреда Републике Српске, свој “замајац” развоја виде у расту извоза, кроз опоравак развијених земаља и на тај начин додатног раста иностране тражње.Због тога смо у раду жељели да истражимо значај спољне трговине на економски раст Републике Српске, да извршимо анализу спољнотрговинске размјене Републике Српске како би утврдили слабости њене робне структуре и односе са водећим спољнотрговинским партнерима, те да истражимо међусобну, квантитативну повезаност спољне трговине и бруто домаћег производа Републике Српске.Сумирајући резултате истраживања, закључили смо да је спољна трговина веома значајна за привредна кретања у Републици Српској, односно да је значај спољне трговине за привредни развој Републике Српске веома висок. Међутим, потребно је радити на смањењу спољнотрговинског дефицита, првенствено кроз повећање извоза и побољшање његове робне структуре, те кроз селективно смањење увоза. Прије свега тога, неопходно је извршити промјену привредне структуре и значајно повећати конкурентност домаћих произвођача.Summary: Ever since Adam Smith the scientists have been investing enormous efforts to explore and prove relationships between the foreign exchange and economic growth. One thing in common to all researches so far is that there is no complete agreement on a direct, positive inter-relation between the foreign exchange and economic growth. However, the major number of researches confirm the existence of the statistically significant, direct relation. The special attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of the foreign trade to the developing countries, principally as a channel for the import of new technologies by which it has been proven that the growth of the import does not have to have necessarily a negative impact to the economic growth but it may also impact the productivity growth, i.e. indirectly the total economic growth of the country of import.The research of the influence of the foreign trade to the economic growth becomes even more relevant after year 2008, i.e. after the world economic crisis as small, open economies, such as the Republic of Srpska see its “development drive” in the growth of the export through the consolidation of the developed countries and thus additional growth of the foreign demand. That is why in our paper we have tried to explore the relevance of the foreign trade to the economic growth of the Republic of Srpska, to analyse the foreign trade exchange of Republic of Srpska in order to determine the weaknesses of its comoditiy structure and the relations with the leading foreign trade partners as well as to explore the interrelated, quantitative relation between the foreign trade and the GDP of Republic of Srpska. Summarizing the results of our research we have come to a conclusion that the foreign trade is very relevant for the economic movements in the Republic of Srpska, i.e. the relevance of the foreign trade for the economic development of Republic of Srpska is very high. However, it is necessary to work on the decreasing of the foreign trade deficit through the increase of the export and the improvement of its comodity structure as well as through the selective decreasing of the import. Before all this, it is necessary to undertake the change of econimic structure and considerably increase the competitiveness of the domestic producers.

New Drugs for Thromboembolic Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Jose L Merino ◽  
Jose López-Sendón ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Risk Patients

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia and its prevalence is increasing in developed countries. This progressive increase and the negative impact of this arrhythmia on the patient’s prognosis make AF one of the main healthcare problems faced today. This has led to intense research into the main aspects of AF, one of them being thromboembolism prevention. AF patients have a four to five times higher risk of stroke than the general population. Several factors increase thromboembolic risk in patients with AF and the use of risk scores, such as the Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age Greater than 75, Diabetes, and Prior Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (CHADS2), have been used to identify the best candidates for anticoagulation. Antithrombotic drugs are the mainstay of therapy for embolic prevention. The clinical use of these drugs is based on the risk–benefit ratio, where benefit is the reduction of stroke and systemic embolic events and risk is mostly driven by the increase in bleeding events. Generally, antiplatelets are indicated for low-risk patients in light of the fact anticoagulants are the drug of choice for moderate- or high-risk patients. Vitamin K antagonists have been the only option for oral anticoagulation for the last 50 years. However, these drugs have many pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic problems. The problems of anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists have led to the investigation of new drugs that can be administered orally and have a better dose–response relationship, a shorter half-life and, in particular, higher efficacy and safety without the need for frequent anticoagulation controls. The drugs that have been studied most thoroughly in patients with AF are inhibitors of the activated coagulation factor X and inhibitors of coagulation factor II (thrombin), including ximelagatran and dabigatran. In addition, non-pharmacological therapies have been developed to prevent recurrent embolism in certain patient populations.

Ecological Innovations in the Automotive Sector. Part I: Construction Innovations

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Marta Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Car Industry ◽  
Human Transport ◽  
Sector Part

The automotive sector is one of the fastest growing sectors of economy. The increasing amount of cars both in Polish and world roads results in the immeasurable benefits associated with the goods and human transport. On the other hand, this phenomenon caused the contamination of the environment. During the fuel combustion in petrol or diesel engines, the harmful gases, for example CO2, NOx and SOx are emitted. Apart from the negative impact on the environment, the emission of the aforementioned gases results in the deterioration of human conditions, as well as, the development of civilization diseases. In order to minimalize the harmful influence of an automotive industry on the environment, new technologies which can reduce the consumption of fuel or limit the fumes emission are developed. The first part of paper presents new solutions in an automotive sector which influence on the decline of the negative impact of automobiles on the environment. Additionally, proposed solutions affect the development of a car industry, taking into consideration environmental aspects.

European and Ukrainian experience in financial support to farming activities through fiscal instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1063
Author(s):  
E.A. Nepochatenko ◽  
E.T. Prokopchuk ◽  
B.S. Guzar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Tax Regimes

Subject. The article considers financial regulation through the use of tax mechanisms. Objectives. The aim of the study is to evaluate European and Ukrainian practices of fiscal incentives for farming through fiscal instruments with VAT playing the key role. Methods. In the study we employed economic and statistical research methods, like monographic, comparison, scientific generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of VAT implementation on farmers in developed countries in Europe we substantiated the conclusion about its focus on simplifying the tax procedures and eliminating the negative impact on operations of economic entities. Special tax treatment (including VAT collection) is mainly used to streamline tax relations, taking into account the specifics of farming, rather than to improve the financial support to farms. We revealed that in the Ukrainian practice its main task is financial support to agricultural production. Conclusions and Relevance. The experience of developed European countries on the use of special tax regimes and taxation procedures should serve as a model for Ukraine. Financial incentives for agricultural production development should be directly supported by the State, and special tax treatment and tax administration should be focused on streamlining tax relations in the region, based on the practice of developed European countries such as UK, Germany, Italy and France.

scholarly journals ECO-DESIGN ACTIONS TO IMPROVE LIFE CYCLE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF FACE MASKS IN THE PANDEMIC ERA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1333-1342
Author(s):  
Núria Boix Rodríguez ◽  
Marco Marconi ◽  
Claudio Favi ◽  
Giovanni Formentini
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Near Future

AbstractFace masks are currently considered essential devices that people must wear today and in the near future, until the COVID-19 pandemic will be completely defeated through specific medicines and vaccines. Such devices are generally made of thermoplastic polymers, as polypropylene and polyethylene and are single use products. Even if in this period the sanitary emergency must have the maximum priority, the world society should not completely forget the environmental problem that are causing more and more obvious climate changes with correlated damages to ecosystems and human health. Despite the well-known correlation among anti-COVID protective equipment (or more generally medical devices) and environmental issues, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and eco-design-based studies in this field is very scarce. The present study aims to derive the most important environmental criticalities of such products, by using LCA and product circularity indicators of five different common masks. The final aim is to provide eco-design guidelines, useful to design new face masks by preventing negative impact on the environment.

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