scholarly journals Electrofuels from Excess Renewable Electricity at High Variable Renewable Shares: Cost, Greenhouse Gas Abatement, Carbon Use and Competition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Millinger ◽  
Philip Tafarte ◽  
Matthias Jordan ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Kathleen Meisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
The Cost

Increasing shares of variable renewable electricity (VRE) generation are necessary for achieving high renewable shares in all energy sectors. This results in increased excess renewable electricity (ERE) at times when supply exceeds demand. ERE can be utilized as a low-emission energy source for sectorcouplingthroughhydrogenproductionviaelectrolysis, whichcanbeuseddirectlyorcombined with a carbon source to produce electrofuels. Such fuels are crucial for the transport sector, where renewable alternatives are scarce. However, while ERE increases with raising VRE shares, carbon emissions decrease and may become a limited resource with several usage options, including carbon storage (CCS). These counteracting effects for the electrofuel production have not been analysed before. Here we perform a model based analysis for the German case until 2050, with a general analysis for regions with a high VRE reliance. Results indicate that ERE-based electrofuels can achieveagreenhousegas(GHG)abatementof74MtCO2eqyearly(46%ofcurrentGermantransport emissions) by displacing fossil fuels, at high fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) shares, at a cost of 250320 € t CO2eq−1. The capital expenditure of electrolysers was found not to be crucial for the cost, despitelowcapacityfactorsduetovariableEREpatterns. Carbonwilllikelybecomealimitingfactor when aiming for stringent climate targets and renewable electricity-based hydrocarbon electrofuels replacing fossil fuels achieve up to 70% more GHG abatement than CCS. Given (1) an unsaturated demandforrenewablehydrocarbonfuels,(2)asaturatedrenewablehydrogendemandand(3)unused ERE capacities which would otherwise be curtailed, we find that carbon is better used for renewable fuel production than being stored.<br>

scholarly journals Electrofuels from Excess Renewable Electricity at High Variable Renewable Shares: Cost, Greenhouse Gas Abatement, Carbon Use and Competition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Millinger ◽  
Philip Tafarte ◽  
Matthias Jordan ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Kathleen Meisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Climate Targets ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
The Cost

Increasing shares of variable renewable electricity (VRE) generation are necessary for achieving high renewable shares in all energy sectors. This results in increased excess renewable electricity (ERE) at times when supply exceeds demand. ERE can be utilized as a low-emission energy source for sectorcouplingthroughhydrogenproductionviaelectrolysis, whichcanbeuseddirectlyorcombined with a carbon source to produce electrofuels. Such fuels are crucial for the transport sector, where renewable alternatives are scarce. However, while ERE increases with raising VRE shares, carbon emissions decrease and may become a limited resource with several usage options, including carbon storage (CCS). These counteracting effects for the electrofuel production have not been analysed before. Here we perform a model based analysis for the German case until 2050, with a general analysis for regions with a high VRE reliance. Results indicate that ERE-based electrofuels can achieveagreenhousegas(GHG)abatementof74MtCO2eqyearly(46%ofcurrentGermantransport emissions) by displacing fossil fuels, at high fuel-cell electric vehicle (FCEV) shares, at a cost of 250320 € t CO2eq−1. The capital expenditure of electrolysers was found not to be crucial for the cost, despitelowcapacityfactorsduetovariableEREpatterns. Carbonwilllikelybecomealimitingfactor when aiming for stringent climate targets and renewable electricity-based hydrocarbon electrofuels replacing fossil fuels achieve up to 70% more GHG abatement than CCS. Given (1) an unsaturated demandforrenewablehydrocarbonfuels,(2)asaturatedrenewablehydrogendemandand(3)unused ERE capacities which would otherwise be curtailed, we find that carbon is better used for renewable fuel production than being stored.<br>

Editor in Chief’s Note on the Green Hydrogen Fuel from Solar / Wind Power

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ehsan Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Cost

Renewable and sustainable energy has an evolving story as the ongoing trade war in the word is influencing crude oil prices. Moreover, the global warming is an inevitable consequence of the worldwide increasing rate of fossil fuel utilization which has persuaded the governments to invest on the clean and sustainable energy resources. In recent years, the cost of green energy has tumbled, making the price of renewables competitive to the fossil fuels. Although, the hydrogen fuel is still extremely expensive compared to the crude oil price, investigations about clean hydrogen fuel production and utilization has been developed significantly which demonstrate the importance of the hydrogen fuel in the future. This article aims to scrutinize the importance of green hydrogen fuel production from solar/wind energy.

scholarly journals Electrofuels from excess renewable electricity at high variable renewable shares: cost, greenhouse gas abatement, carbon use and competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Millinger ◽  
Philip Tafarte ◽  
Matthias Jordan ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Kathleen Meisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement

Renewable transport fuels stem either from renewable electricity or biomass. We perform a model-based systems analysis of the usage of electricity, biomass and carbon for fuel production, focusing on greenhouse gas abatement and cost.

Power usage in the transport sector – potential, costs and greenhouse gas abatement of different well-to-wheel pathways

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Millinger ◽  
Philip Tafarte ◽  
Matthias Jordan ◽  
Alena Hahn ◽  
Kathleen Meisel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Abatement ◽  
Surplus Power

&lt;p&gt;The increase of variable renewable energy sources (VRE), i.e. wind and solar power, may lead to a certain mismatch between power demand and supply. At the same time, in order to decarbonise the heat and transport sectors, power-based solutions are often seen as promising option, through so-called sector coupling. At times when VRE power supply exceeds demand, the surplus power could be used for producing liquid and gaseous electrofuels. The power is used for electrolysis, producing hydrogen, which can in turn be used either directly or combined with a carbon source to produce hydrocarbon fuels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we analyse the potential development of surplus power for the case of Germany, at an ambitious VRE expansion until 2050 and perform a cost analysis of electrofuels at different production levels using sorted residual load curves. These are then compared to biofuels and electric vehicles with the aid of an optimisation model, considering both cost- and greenhouse gas (GHG)-optimal options for the main transport sectors in Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We find that, although hydrocarbon electrofuels are more expensive than their main renewable competitors, i.e. biofuels, they are most likely indispensable in addition for reaching climate targets in transport. However, the electrofuel potential is constrained by the availability of both surplus power and carbon. In fact, the surplus power potential is projected to remain limited even at currently ambitious VRE targets for Germany and carbon availability is lower in an increasingly renewable energy system unless direct air capture is deployed. In addition, as the power mix is likely to contain fossil fuels for decades to come, electrofuels based on power directly from the mix with associated conversion losses would cause higher GHG-emissions than the fossil transport fuel reference until a very high share of renewables in the power source is achieved. In contrast, electric vehicles are a more climate competitive option under the projected power mix with remaining fossil fuel fractions, due to a superior fuel economy and thereby lower costs and emissions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As part of the assessment, we quantify the greenhouse gas abatement costs for different well-to-wheel pathways and provide an analysis and recommendations for a transition to sustainable transport.&lt;/p&gt;

ANALYSIS OF WAYS FOR ACHIEVING 100% RENEWABLE ENERGY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD (REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
T.A. Zheliezna
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
The United States ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Renewable Electricity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The aim of the work is to analyze targets on the transition to 100% renewable energy sources (RES) existing in different countries of the world as well as strategies for their achievement. The task of the work is to identify the most promising directions and develop appropriate recommendations for Ukraine. The global trend is setting targets for the transition to 100% RES, at least in some energy sectors, developing appropriate strategies and their implementation. Over the last decade, the cost of renewable energy has been steadily declining, making RES more competitive with fossil fuels in many parts of the world. Today, more than 50 countries, hundreds of cities and regions in one form or another have committed to switching to 100% RES. Most often it is about achieving 100% of renewable electricity. So far, at least 52 cities and regions have achieved their targets for the transition to 100% RES. Of these, 41 are located in Europe and 9 are located in the United States. About 2/3 of these targets relate only to renewable electricity. In Ukraine, the official targets for the development of RES are set out in the National Renewable Energy Action Plan until 2020 and in the Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035. Recently, a draft Concept of the “green” energy transition of Ukraine until 2050 was developed, which sets the goal of achieving a climate-neutral economy by 2070. One of the main directions of decarbonization of the economy is the development of RES in combination with increasing energy efficiency and energy saving. It is necessary to resume completing the document with the inclusion of reasonable long-term goals to achieve 100% RES in certain energy sectors and in the whole energy balance of Ukraine.

Energy After COVID

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (820) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Michael T. Klare
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Companies

By transforming patterns of travel and work around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating the transition to renewable energy and the decline of fossil fuels. Lockdowns brought car commuting and plane travel to a near halt, and the mass experiment in which white-collar employees have been working from home may permanently reduce energy consumption for business travel. Renewable energy and electric vehicles were already gaining market share before the pandemic. Under pressure from investors, major energy companies have started writing off fossil fuel reserves as stranded assets that are no longer worth the cost of extracting. These shifts may indicate that “peak oil demand” has arrived earlier than expected.

BIO-FUEL PRODUCTION FROM CARBONDIOXIDE GAS USING S. elongatus PCC 7942 FROM CYANOBACTERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Teresa Sponza ◽  
Cansu Doğanx
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Butanol Production ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Cost Analyses ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pcc 7942 ◽  
Dissolved O2

The scope of this study, is  1-butanol production from CO2 with S. elongatus PCC 7942 culture. The yields of 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized have been calculated. The maximum concentration of produced 1- butanol is 35.37 mg/L and 1-butanolproduced/CO2utilized efficiency is 92.4. The optimum operational conditions were  30°C temperature, 60 W intensity of light, pH= 7.1, 120 mV redox potential, 0.083 m3/sn flow rate with CO2 and 0.5 mg/l dissolved O2 concentration. Among the enzymes on the metabolic trail of the production of 1-butanol via using S. elongatus PCC 7942 cyanobacteria. At maximum yield; the measured concentrations are 0.016 µg/ml for hbd; 0.0022 µg/ml for Ter and 0.0048 µg/ml for AdhE2. The cost analyses necessary for 1-butanol production has been done and the cost of 1 litre 1-butanol has been determined as maximum 1.31 TL/L.

scholarly journals Designing high energy density flow batteries by tuning active-material thermodynamics

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 5432-5443
Author(s):  
Shyam K. Pahari ◽  
Tugba Ceren Gokoglan ◽  
Benjoe Rey B. Visayas ◽  
Jennifer Woehl ◽  
James A. Golen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Active Material ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Density Flow ◽  
The Cost

With the cost of renewable energy near parity with fossil fuels, energy storage is paramount. We report a breakthrough on a bioinspired NRFB active-material, with greatly improved solubility, and place it in a predictive theoretical framework.

scholarly journals A Comeback of Wind Power in Shipping: An Economic and Operational Review on the Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Todd Chou ◽  
Vasileios Kosmas ◽  
Michele Acciaro ◽  
Katharina Renken
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ship Propulsion ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Promising Solution

Wind-assisted ship propulsion (WASP) technology seems to be a promising solution toward accelerating the shipping industry’s decarbonization efforts as it uses wind to replace part of the propulsive power generated from fossil fuels. This article discusses the status quo of the WASP technological growth within the maritime transport sector by means of a secondary data review analysis, presents the potential fuel-saving implications, and identifies key factors that shape the operational efficiency of the technology. The analysis reveals three key considerations. Firstly, despite the existing limited number of WASP installations, there is a promising trend of diffusion of the technology within the industry. Secondly, companies can achieve fuel savings, which vary depending on the technology installed. Thirdly, these bunker savings are influenced by environmental, on-board, and commercial factors, which presents both opportunities and challenges to decision makers.

scholarly journals Biogas from Anaerobic Digestion as an Energy Vector: Current Upgrading Development

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2742
Author(s):  
Raquel Iglesias ◽  
Raúl Muñoz ◽  
María Polanco ◽  
Israel Díaz ◽  
Ana Susmozas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Vector Current ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Materials Used

The present work reviews the role of biogas as advanced biofuel in the renewable energy system, summarizing the main raw materials used for biogas production and the most common technologies for biogas upgrading and delving into emerging biological methanation processes. In addition, it provides a description of current European legislative framework and the potential biomethane business models as well as the main biogas production issues to be addressed to fully deploy these upgrading technologies. Biomethane could be competitive due to negative or zero waste feedstock prices, and competitive to fossil fuels in the transport sector and power generation if upgrading technologies become cheaper and environmentally sustainable.

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