scholarly journals 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): contribution of rheumatology

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny L. Nasonov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Modern Biology ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Medical Issues ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Relationship

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic become a major challenge for humanity and a unique opportunity to get an idea of the real achievements of modern biology and medicine. In the course of the pandemic, a large number of new fundamental and medical issues have been revealed regarding the relationship between viral infection and many common chronic non-infectious diseases, among which immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD) occupy an important position. It is now well known that SARS-CoV-2 infection is accompanied by a wide range of extrapulmonary clinical and laboratory disorders, some of which are characteristic of IMRD and other autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases in humans. The most severe consequence of alterations in regulation of the immunity in COVID-19 and IMRD is the so-called cytokine storm syndrome, which is defined as COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory syndrome in COVID-19, and as macrophage activation syndrome in IMRD. The COVID-19-associated hyperinflammatory syndrome was used as a reason for drug repurposing and off-label use of a wide range of anti-inflammatory drugs, which have been specially developed for the treatment of IMRD over the past 20 years. Common immunopathological mechanisms and approaches to pharmacotherapy in COVID-19 and IMRD determined the unique place of rheumatology among medical specialties contributing to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The article provides the basic provisions of the International and National Association of Rheumatologists and the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia (ARR) recommendations for management of patients with IMRD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Prominent Historiography as Strengthening the Schools of Fiqh and Sufism

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-154
Author(s):  
Ajid Thohir
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Cultural Interest ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Relationship

The study of historiography has a great contribution to understand the dynamics of lslamic society in the past both cultural and intellectual. The emergence trend of the persona themes and how many works are coming up that should be conceived as an ideological character which places the important position of figure in the Islamic history. The relationship between a work and the cultural dynamics at any time and space reflects their respective historical work which is highly motivated by the cultural interest complexity. The study of persona in the lslamic historiography occupies a strategic position, particularly in strengthening and forming the schools. in the Islamic world, especially in the field of fiqh and Sufism. The study of biographical persona is not only restricted to thabaqat, tarjamah, and ansâb, but also to the study of persona that leads to the formation of hagiography (Manaqib), putting someone as a top figure of both intellectual and spiritual in the religious world. The Manaqib Book is a symbol in the schools tie and forms a psychological cohesiveness for the disciples of madzhab.

A Method of Analyzing Creep Data

1936 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. A62-A66
Author(s):  
R. G. Sturm ◽  
C. Dumont ◽  
F. M. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Cold Working ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Creep Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Creep Time ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Constant Slope ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The authors present a method for studying creep data which has been in use for the past four years at the Aluminum Research Laboratories. It is shown by graphs that a linear relationship exists between the logarithm of the creep and the logarithm of the elapsed time for a given material at ordinary room temperatures and constant stress. This is established by the fact that the logarithmic curves for a given material at a constant temperature have a constant slope for a relatively wide range of stresses. It is pointed out that the relative effect of cold working upon the strength of different metals seems to explain the behavior of the metals when failure is impending, this being indicated by the tendency of the logarithmic creep-time curves to depart from straight lines. The authors conclude that when homologous stresses based on the tensile strength of the material are considered, different materials exhibit very similar characteristics in the relationship between the homologous stress and the logarithm of the time necessary for a given amount of creep to occur.

scholarly journals Delayed immune mediated adverse effects to hyaluronic acid fillers: report of five cases and review of the literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ora Bitterman-Deutsch ◽  
Leonid Kogan ◽  
Faris Nasser
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Delayed Reactions ◽  
The Individual

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in cosmetic medicine have been considered relatively safe, though fillers used in European countries and throughout the world are not necessarily approved by the Food and Drug Administration. As their use continues to expand worldwide, physicians in a wide range of medical specialties are authorized to perform HA injections, including general medicine practitioners and even dentists. An increasing number of reports have appeared regarding side effects to these products. It is now known that reactions to Hyaluronic acid are related not only to technical faults of the injections, but also to immune responses, including delayed hypersensitivity and granulomatous reactions. Herein, we describe five cases treated by a variety of treatment modalities, all with delayed reactions to different brands of hyaluronic acid fillers. As there is currently no standardization of treatment options of adverse effects, these cases accentuate the debate regarding the approach to the individual patient and the possible need for pre-testing in patients with an atopic tendency.

scholarly journals Gender diversity and organizational performance: a study of IT industries in Bangalore

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Akanksha Khanna ◽  
Ashwini Y. ◽  
Jilsy Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
It Industry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are considered to be different from each other with their acumen and intelligence. The working condition in IT sector has changed over the past few decades. There has been a drastic increase in the number of female employees towards the development of IT sector over the past few years. Gender diversity is creating a wide range of awareness and helps understand the importance of gender identity. IT industry which is a dominant industry in India has reckoned gender diversity as a major tool to ensure it stands on criteria of being competent and innovative in the ever changing dynamic business environment. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the relationship between acceptance of gender diversity among the employees, diversity practices and programs adopted by the IT industries and barriers to the same.

Intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone to treat flares of immune-mediated diseases: how much, how long?

Lupus ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1177-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Danza ◽  
I Borgia ◽  
J I Narváez ◽  
A Baccelli ◽  
C Amigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Clinical Response ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction Glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. Despite their widespread use, details on dosing, effectiveness and adverse effects are yet to be determined. Objective To know the current use of methylprednisolone (MTP) in the management of immune-mediated conditions, evaluating the relationship among doses, therapeutic response and adverse effects. Methodology A multicenter retrospective cohort study was designed, including patients who received intravenous pulses of MTP between 1 January 2013 and 12 December 2015 in three different hospitals in Uruguay. The patients included received MTP to treat systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs), hematological, nephrological and neurologic diseases and others. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, MTP cumulative dose, duration of treatment, clinical response (complete, partial and no response) and adverse effects. Results In total, 164 cases were identified, of which 118 (72%) were female. The median age was 48.4 (SD: 18) years. The indications for MTP included: neuroimmune-mediated 92 (56.1%), SADs 29 (17.5%), hematological 15 (9.1%), nephrological 12 (7.3%) and others 16 (9.9%). The median dose to achieve complete response was 3.2 g (SD: 1.5); the median dose to accomplish a partial response was 3.5 g (SD: 1.25); the median dose for non-responders was 3.3 g (SD 1.2) ( p > 0.05). The median dose in those patients with adverse effects was 3.4 g (SD 1.5) and the median dose for those who did not experience adverse effects was 3.3 g (SD: 1.3) ( p > 0.05). The most frequent adverse effects were infectious (22/164, 13.4%). Diabetics were found to have the highest incidence of adverse effects (13/16, 81%) in comparison to non-diabetics, p < 0.05. Discussion Our study suggests a wide range of doses and duration of treatments with MTP. No major associations were found between clinical response and the use of high MTP doses, but the latter was associated with a large proportion of severe infections. No severe infections were identified with MTP doses lower than 1.5 g. The diabetic population is known to be at risk of experiencing varied adverse effects to MTP. These observations reinforce the need for protocolized use of MTP in order to achieve a better relationship among doses, effectiveness and safety profile.

Smell in Eighteenth-Century England

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Tullett
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Senses ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Methodological Ground

In England during the period between the 1670s and the 1820s a transformation took place in how smell and the senses were viewed. This book traces that transformation. The role of smell in creating medical and scientific knowledge came under intense scrutiny and the equation of smell with disease was actively questioned. Yet a new interest in smell’s emotive and idiosyncratic dimensions offered odours a new power in the sociable spaces of eighteenth-century England. Using a wide range of sources from diaries, letters, and sanitary records to satirical prints, consumer objects, and magazines, William Tullett traces how individuals and communities perceived the smells around them. From paint and perfume to onions and farts, this book highlights the smells that were good for eighteenth-century writers to think with. In doing so, the study challenges a popular, influential, and often cited narrative. Smell in Eighteenth-Century England is not a tale of the medicalization and deodorization of English olfactory culture. Instead, the book demonstrates that it was a new recognition of smell’s asocial-sociability, its capacity to create atmospheres of uncomfortable intimacy, that transformed the relationship between the senses and society. To trace this shift, the book also breaks new methodological ground. Smell in Eighteenth-Century England makes the case for new ways of thinking about the history of the senses, experience, and the body. Understanding the way past peoples perceived their world involves tracing processes of habituation, sensitization, and attention. These processes help explain which odours entered the archive and why they did so. They force us to recognise that the past was, for those who lived there, not just a place of unmitigated stench

scholarly journals Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and autoimmunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
E. L. Nasonov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Human Immunology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All

The coronavirus 2019 pandemic (coronavirus disease, COVID-19), etiologically related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2), has once again reawakened healthcare professionals’ interest towards new clinical and conceptual issues of human immunology and immunopathology. An unprecedented number of clinical trials and fundamental studies of epidemiology, virology, immunology and molecular biology, of the COVID-19 clinical course polymorphism and pharmacotherapy have been conducted within one year since the outbreak of 2019 pandemic, bringing together scientists of almost all biological and physicians of almost all medical specialties. Their joint efforts have resulted in elaboration of several types of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection and, in general, fashioning of more rational approaches to patient management. Also important for COVID-19 management were all clinical trials of biologics and “targeted” anti-inflammatory drugs modulating intracellular cytokine signaling, which have been specifically developed for treatment immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic disease (IMIRDs) over the past 20 years. It became obvious after a comprehensive analysis of the entire spectrum of clinical manifestations and immunopathological disorders in COVID-19 is accompanied by a wide range of extrapulmonary clinical and laboratory disorders, some of which are characteristic of IMIRDs and other autoimmune and auto-in-flammatory human diseases. All these phenomena substantiated the practice of anti-inflammatory drugs repurposing with off-label use of specific antirheumatic agents for treatment of COVID-19. This paper discusses potential use of glucocorticoids, biologics, JAK inhibitors, etc., blocking the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines for treatment of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Teacher beliefs and their manifestation in teaching from the perspective of pre-service teacher trainees

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
Zuzana Součková
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Beliefs ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Teacher Trainees ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pre Service Teacher

Abstract Teacher beliefs play an important role in addressing the issue of teacher training. Teaching philosophy has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields in teacher education. There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of what teacher trainees or teachers in general think, believe and do in teaching. Studies over the past two decades have provided important information on the possible factors that may impact the formation of teacher beliefs. The paper attempts to explore the relationship between previous school experience and the formation of teacher beliefs among teacher trainees who can provide viewpoints of a teacher and a student at the same time. Moreover, the paper examines teaching methods and techniques that the trainees apply in their teaching as a result of what they believe in as teachers. Data were obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with pre-service teacher trainees as a part of feedback sessions during teaching practice. By employing qualitative approach, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of the formation and manifestation of teacher beliefs in teaching.

scholarly journals Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): value of IL-6 inhibitors

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-644
Author(s):  
E. L. Nasonov
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Biologic Agents ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Clinical Problems

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has drawn attention to new clinical and fundamental issues in the immunopathology of human diseases. Since in COVID-19 it is the ‘‘hyperimmune’’ response, called cytokine storm syndrome, which forms the basis of the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan dysfunction in COVID-19, special attention is drawn to the possibility of “repurposing” (drug repurposing) of some widely used for treatment immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IMIRDs) anti-inflammatory drugs, including glucocorticoids (GC), disease-modified anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic agents and ‘‘targeted’’ DMARDs. In the spectrum of cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of cytokine storm syndrome in IMIRDs and COVID-19, great importance is attached to the pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin IL-6. The development and introduction into clinical practice of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that inhibit the activity of IL-6 are among the major advances in the treatment of IMIRDs, and in recent years, critical conditions within the framework of the cytokine storm syndrome, including in COVID-19. The review discusses the materials of numerous studies devoted to the problems of the efficacy and safety of mAbs to the IL-6 receptor (tocilizumab) and other mAbs that inhibit the activity of this cytokine in COVID-19. Despite the effectiveness of inhibiting IL-6 in patients with severe COVID-19, many theoretical and clinical problems of immunopathology and pharmacotherapy of this disease require further study.

Coda

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Foley
Keyword(s):  
Suspended State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Racial Discourses ◽  
The Relationship

This concluding chapter offers a brief consideration of the relationship between history and form in Cane. Given the wide range of interpretations of the text's parts, it comes as no surprise that critics have presented dramatically differing interpretations of the whole. Some have discerned a progression toward resolution and synthesis; others a suspended state of fragmentation and division; while others a triumphant achievement of polyphony and hybridity. With a few noteworthy exceptions, however, commentaries on Cane have largely overlooked the text's engagement with history. They may address Cane's representation of the present as an outgrowth of the past, and its connection with contemporaneous racial discourses and practices, but they do not generally treat the text's form as itself an enactment of the historical contradictions shaping the time and place of its creation.

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