scholarly journals Gender Differences in Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Drinking to Cope in Undergraduates with Problematic Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Melanie Wisener
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Social Conformity ◽  
Drinking To Cope ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets ◽  
And Coping

Undergraduate students show the highest rates of problematic alcohol consumption compared to any other non-clinical category of individuals, and coping-motivated drinking has been consistently shown to be the most problematic. The present study examines associations between mindfulness facets, self-compassion, and coping-motivated drinking, and how these associations differ by gender. Undergraduate problematic drinkers (N = 146) completed self-report measures assessing their motives for drinking (coping-depression, coping-anxiety, enhancement, social, conformity) and levels of dispositional mindfulness (observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, non-reactivity) and self-compassion. Regression analyses revealed that for both genders, mindfulness facets and self-compassion were statistically significantly negatively associated with coping-depression, but not coping-anxiety. Non-judging was uniquely associated with coping-depression in women, but in men, non-reactivity was the sole unique association. Unexpectedly, describing was negatively associated with conformity-motivated drinking in women. Mindfulness and self-compassion based programs for undergraduate problematic drinkers may be most effective if they target students who drink to cope with depression and emphasize different skills depending on the student’s gender.

Does Dispositional Mindfulness Predict the Development of Grit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buaphrao Raphiphatthana ◽  
Paul Jose ◽  
Karen Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Abstract. Grit, that is, perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is a novel construct that has gained attention in recent years ( Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007 ). To date, little research has been performed with the goal of identifying the antecedents of grit. Thus, in order to fill this gap in the literature, self-report data were collected to examine whether mindfulness, a mindset of being-in-the-present in a nonjudgmental way, plays a role in fostering grittiness. Three hundred and forty-three undergraduate students completed an online survey once in a cross-sectional study, and of these, 74 students completed the survey again 4.5 months later. Although the cross-sectional analyses identified a number of positive associations between mindfulness and grit, the longitudinal analysis revealed that the mindfulness facets of acting with awareness and non-judging were the most important positive predictors of grit 4.5 months later. This set of findings offers implications for future grit interventions.

scholarly journals Prosocial motivation as a mediator between dispositional mindfulness and prosocial behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hali Kil ◽  
David O'Neill ◽  
Joan Grusec
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Prosocial Motivation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Acting With Awareness

Researchers have theorized that mindfulness leads to prosocial behavior through awareness of one’s personal goals and motivations. The present research examined the mediating effect of internalized prosocial motivation on the link between dispositional mindfulness and prosocial behavior. Undergraduate students (N=232) completed questionnaires assessing prosocial motivation and mindfulness. Prosocial behavior was assessed with the social mindfulness decision-making task. The results indicated that internalized prosocial motivation mediated the link between the mindfulness facet of acting with awareness and social mindfulness. The results suggest the importance of individual characteristics such as internalized prosocial motivation as mediators of the link between dispositional mindfulness and prosocial behavior. Given that only one facet of mindfulness—acting with awareness—was indirectly associated with prosocial behavior, the results also indicate that general measures of dispositional mindfulness may not be sufficiently nuanced when investigating these associations.

scholarly journals Trait mindfulness during pregnancy and perception of childbirth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne P. Hulsbosch ◽  
Myrthe G. B. M. Boekhorst ◽  
Eva S. Potharst ◽  
Victor J. M. Pop ◽  
Ivan Nyklíček
Keyword(s):  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Abstract Women’s subjective childbirth experience is a risk factor for postpartum depression and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress symptoms. Subjective childbirth experience is influenced not only by characteristics of the childbirth itself but also by maternal characteristics. A maternal characteristic that may be associated with a more positive childbirth experience is trait mindfulness. The current study aimed to assess this association and to assess whether trait mindfulness during pregnancy had a moderating role in the possible association between non-spontaneous delivery and perception of childbirth. A subsample of 486 women, participating in a longitudinal prospective cohort study (Holistic Approach to Pregnancy and the first Postpartum Year study), completed the Three Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form at 22 weeks of pregnancy. Women completed the Childbirth Perception Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale between 7 and 21 days postpartum. The mindfulness facets acting with awareness and non-reacting were significantly associated with a more positive perception of childbirth, after adjusting for covariates. Moderation analyses showed a significant interaction between acting with awareness and non-spontaneous delivery and non-judging and non-spontaneous delivery. Non-spontaneous delivery was associated with a more negative perception of childbirth for low/medium scores of acting with awareness and non-judging, but not for high scores on these mindfulness facets. Trait mindfulness during pregnancy may enhance a positive perception of childbirth. Because this is among the first studies examining the association between maternal dispositional mindfulness and perception of childbirth, future research is needed to confirm the results of the current study.

scholarly journals Does rumination function as a longitudinal mediator between mindfulness and depressive symptoms?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tasmin Jury
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Longitudinal Mediation ◽  
Acting With Awareness

<p>The present study was designed to longitudinally examine the relationships among dispositional mindfulness, rumination, and depressive symptoms in adults and determine whether rumination mediated the expected negative association between mindfulness and depressive symptoms across time. A community sample of 483 New Zealand adults completed self-report measures of mindfulness, rumination and depressive symptoms initially and again after three months and a third time a further three months later. The predicted cross-lag associations were found, and in consequence, the predicted longitudinal mediation was supported in the data as well. That is, rumination mediated the negative association between mindfulness and depressive symptoms. In addition, three of the five facets of mindfulness (acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reacting) exhibited the longitudinal mediation through rumination to depressive symptoms. The findings of this research suggest that certain aspects of mindfulness function to reduce rumination, which then serve to diminish depressive symptoms.</p>

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Life Stress in Student-Athletes: The Mediating Role of Coping Effectiveness and Decision Rumination

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Kaiseler ◽  
Jamie M. Poolton ◽  
Susan H. Backhouse ◽  
Nick Stanger
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Student Athletes ◽  
Student Athlete ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Coping Effectiveness ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
And Coping

The role of dispositional mindfulness on stress in student-athletes and factors that mediate this relationship has yet to be examined. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the facets of mindfulness and life stress in student-athletes and whether these relationships are mediated through coping effectiveness and decision rumination. Participants were 202 student-athletes who completed validated measures of dispositional mindfulness, student-athlete life stress, decision rumination and coping effectiveness in sport. Results indicated that the acting with awareness and nonjudging facets of mindfulness were negative predictors of life stress, whereas the observe facet was a positive predictor of life stress. Mediation analyses revealed that these relationships were mediated through coping effectiveness and decision rumination. Findings provide new insight into the role dispositional mindfulness plays on student-athlete perceptions of life stress and implications for practitioners are discussed.

scholarly journals Does rumination function as a longitudinal mediator between mindfulness and depressive symptoms?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Tasmin Jury
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Longitudinal Mediation ◽  
Acting With Awareness

<p>The present study was designed to longitudinally examine the relationships among dispositional mindfulness, rumination, and depressive symptoms in adults and determine whether rumination mediated the expected negative association between mindfulness and depressive symptoms across time. A community sample of 483 New Zealand adults completed self-report measures of mindfulness, rumination and depressive symptoms initially and again after three months and a third time a further three months later. The predicted cross-lag associations were found, and in consequence, the predicted longitudinal mediation was supported in the data as well. That is, rumination mediated the negative association between mindfulness and depressive symptoms. In addition, three of the five facets of mindfulness (acting with awareness, non-judging, and non-reacting) exhibited the longitudinal mediation through rumination to depressive symptoms. The findings of this research suggest that certain aspects of mindfulness function to reduce rumination, which then serve to diminish depressive symptoms.</p>

Materialism and Drinking Motives: Examining the Longitudinal Associations in an Undergraduate Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Ishaq Malik ◽  
Elaine Toombs ◽  
Aislin R. Mushquash ◽  
Daniel S. McGrath ◽  
Christopher J. Mushquash
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drinking To Cope

Alcohol use is common among individuals attending university and frequent use is associated with several negative effects. It is therefore important to assess individual difference factors preceding alcohol use. Materialism, a value one holds that prioritizes status through the acquisition of money and possessions, has received minimal research focus in relation to alcohol use and has predominantly been examined using cross-sectional designs (i.e., data collected at one time point). The present study was the first to test the association between materialism, risky drinking motives (i.e., motives preceding alcohol use associated with increased consumption and related problems), and risky personality traits (i.e., stable characteristics associated with frequent substance use and related problems) using a short-term longitudinal design. Undergraduate student drinkers (N = 317) completed self-report questionnaires at baseline and follow-up (2 weeks later). Hierarchical regression analyses found that greater levels of materialism significantly predicted each drinking motive while controlling for risky personality traits. Materialism significantly predicted drinking to cope with depression when controlling for trait hopelessness (β = .16, p = .014), drinking to cope with anxiety while controlling for anxiety sensitivity (β = .11, p = .024), and drinking for enhancement while controlling for sensation seeking (β = .24, p < .001). Results provide evidence that materialism is associated with risky drinking motives, which may inform prevention and treatment efforts for problematic use among undergraduate students.

Sex Differences in Relationships among Anger, Depression, and Coping Strategies of Japanese Students

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Yukawa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Coping ◽  
Japanese Students ◽  
Passive Strategies ◽  
And Coping

This study investigated sex differences in the relationships among anger, depression, and coping strategies. Undergraduate students, 77 men and 130 women, 3 not identified by sex, voluntarily participated. Participants made ratings on a self-report about anger, depression, coping strategies, and mental health. Analyses showed that women who reported themselves as angry tended to cope with stress by optimistic and active strategies, while women who reported themselves as depressed tended to cope with stress by withdrawn and passive strategies. Men who reported being depressed tended to select emotion-focused cognitive coping, while men who reported being angry selected no specific coping. Adoption of engaged emotion-focused coping strategies were related to mental health only for women.

Associations of Five Facets of Mindfulness With Self-Regulation in College Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412093743
Author(s):  
Helen Z. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Delay Of Gratification ◽  
Dispositional Mindfulness ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Undergraduate College Student ◽  
Mental Health Functioning ◽  
Health Functioning ◽  
Acting With Awareness ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Mindfulness has been associated with positive mental health functioning across a range of constructs, including self-regulation. Most of this research, however, has investigated mindfulness as a unidimensional domain. Few studies have examined the relationships between specific facets of mindfulness and particular dimensions of self-regulation, including delay of gratification and emotion regulation, despite relevance for mindfulness-based interventions. Two hundred and seventy-eight undergraduate college student participants completed a series of questionnaires examining dispositional mindfulness, difficulties with emotion regulation, and delay of gratification skills. Linear regressions investigated the associations between five facets of mindfulness and each of the two components of self-regulation. Findings revealed that describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, and nonreacting mindfulness facets were negatively associated with difficulties with emotion regulation, and that observing, acting with awareness, and nonjudging mindfulness facets were positively associated with delay of gratification skills, after accounting for the effects of the other mindfulness subscales. These preliminary findings may have important clinical relevance, as greater self-regulation has critical implications for social, emotional, and academic functioning.

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