scholarly journals Evolutionary Role of Epigenetics in Ischemic Stroke: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 1616-1620
Author(s):  
Rohini Agrawal ◽  
Prashant Amale ◽  
Shilpa Deshpande ◽  
Manish Deshmukh ◽  
Priti Bhoyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Global Population

Stroke is a Central Nervous System (CNS) disorder which occurs due to the obstruction in the brain blood flow. Stroke is mainly of two types, such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemic stroke (80%) caused due to obstruction of blood flow through Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) and characterized by a decreased supply of oxygen and glucose to CNS. In comparison, Hemorrhagic stroke (20%) mainly occurs due to the rupturing of blood vessels. Epidemiologically, it is the common reason of death after cancer and affecting millions of global population. There are many risk factors such as hypertension; hypercholesterolemia etc. which can exaggerate the condition of stroke. Various conventional therapies like Antiplatelets, Thrombolytic are available, but, there is a need to obtain a therapeutic approach that can provide prevention as well as a cure for the stroke. So the present review is primarily focused on epigenetic approach for ischemic stroke by Endogenous Transplantation of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells (NSPCs). This, in turn, will decrease the level of REST protein at the genetic level and enhance the activity of Na+-Ca+ exchanger activity and lowers the excitotoxicity.

scholarly journals The role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in neurosurgical disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. E8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn N. Kearns ◽  
Jennifer D. Sokolowski ◽  
Kimberly Chadwell ◽  
Maureen Chandler ◽  
Therese Kiernan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Extreme Sensitivity ◽  
The Brain

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a relatively new imaging modality in the realm of neurosurgical disease. CEUS permits the examination of blood flow through arteries, veins, and capillaries via intravascular contrast agents and allows vascular architectural mapping with extreme sensitivity and specificity. While it has established utility in other organ systems such as the liver and kidneys, CEUS has not been studied extensively in the brain. This report presents a review of the literature on the neurosurgical applications of CEUS and provides an outline of the imaging modality’s role in the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of neurosurgical disease.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HASIL CT SCAN KEPALA PADA PENDERITA DENGAN KLINIS STROKE NON-HEMORAGIK DI BAGIAN RADIOLOGI FK. UNSRAT / SMF RADIOLOGI BLU RSUP PROF. DR. R. D KANDOU MANADO PERIODE JANUARI 2011- DESEMBER 2011

e-CliniC ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arswendo Tjikoe ◽  
Elvie Loho ◽  
Ramli H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Request Form ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: Stroke is the most common of neurologic manifestations and easily recognizable from the other neurologic diseases due to the early onset of sudden in a short time. Stroke as clinical diagnosis was divided to hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke. In hemorrhagic stroke there is a rupture in blood vessel so the blood flow became abnormal and bleeds into surrounding brain and damage it. In ischemic stroke the blood flow heading to the brain is interrupted due to atherosclerosis process. The purpose of this study is to know about description of head CT scan in patient with clinical diagnonis of stroke non hemorrhagic in Department/SMF Radiology Faculty Of Medicine UNSRAT BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado period on 1st January 2011 – 31st December 2011. Methods: The study design was a retrospective descriptive study. The data are from request form sheet and radiographic response in the Department of Radiology and processed in descriptive. Results: Base on 163 data of stroke patients obtained, 74 patients diagnosed with infarction stroke (45,4%). Male had more (59,5%) than female (40,5%). For age group, 60-79 is the largest with 33 patients (44,6%). Area with most lesion was in parietal dextra lobe with 8 cases (10,8%). Most cases was happened in August with 10 cases (13,5%). Conclusion: Patients with radiology diagnosis infarction stroke, the most common infarction location is in parietal dextra area. Keywords: CT Scan, Infarction Stroke, Parietal Dextra.   Abstrak: Stroke merupakan salah satu manifestasi neurologik yang umum, dan mudah dikenal dari penyakit-penyakit neurologik lain karena mula timbulnya mendadak dalam waktu yang singkat. Stroke sebagai diagnosis klinis terbagi menjadi stroke hemoragik (pendarahan) dan stroke non-hemoragik (iskemik). Pada stroke hemoragik pembuluh darah pecah sehingga aliran darah menjadi tidak normal dan darah yang keluar merembes masuk ke dalam suatu daerah di otak dan merusaknya. Sedangkan pada stroke non-hemoragik aliran darah ke otak terhenti karena aterosklerosis atau bekuan darah yang telah menyumbat suatu pembuluh darah, melalui proses aterosklerosis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran hasil CT scan kepala pada penderita dengan klinis stroke non-hemoragik di Bagian Radiologi FK. Unsrat / SMF Radiologi BLU RSUP Prof. dr. R. D Kandou Manado periode Januari 2011- Desember 2011. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dengan memanfaatkan data sekunder berupa lembaran permintaan & jawaban CT scan kepala yang terdapat di bagian Radiologi BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado periode 1 Januari 2011 – 31 Desember 2011. Hasil penelitian: Berdasarkan 163 data pasien yang didapatkan, 74 pasien didiagnosis dengan stroke infark (45,4%). Laki-laki lebih banyak (59,5%) dari perempuan (40,5%). Kelompok umur 60-79 merupakan kelompok umur terbanyak yaitu 33 pasien (44,6%). Daerah lesi terbanyak adalah pada daerah parietalis dextra dengan 8 kasus (10,8%). Kasus terbanyak terjadi pada bulan agustus dengan 10 kasus (13,5%). Simpulan: Pada pasien dengan diagnosis radiologi stroke infark, lokasi infark yang paling banyak muncul adalah terdapat pada daerah parietal dextra. Kata kunci: CT Scan, Stroke Infark, Parietal Dextra.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Repairing the Neurovascular Unit after Ischemic Stroke

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Courtney Davis ◽  
Sean I. Savitz ◽  
Nikunj Satani
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
The Brain

Ischemic stroke is a debilitating disease and one of the leading causes of long-term disability. During the early phase after ischemic stroke, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) exhibits increased permeability and disruption, leading to an influx of immune cells and inflammatory molecules that exacerbate the damage to the brain tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells have been investigated as a promising therapy to improve the recovery after ischemic stroke. The therapeutic effects imparted by MSCs are mostly paracrine. Recently, the role of extracellular vesicles released by these MSCs have been studied as possible carriers of information to the brain. This review focuses on the potential of MSC derived EVs to repair the components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) controlling the BBB, in order to promote overall recovery from stroke. Here, we review the techniques for increasing the effectiveness of MSC-based therapeutics, such as improved homing capabilities, bioengineering protein expression, modified culture conditions, and customizing the contents of EVs. Combining multiple techniques targeting NVU repair may provide the basis for improved future stroke treatment paradigms.

BIOELECTRIC ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Д.А. Митрохин ◽  
М.М. Ибрагимов ◽  
Б.Р. Нурмухамбетова ◽  
Н.Ш. Буйракулова ◽  
В.В. Харченко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Spectral Power Density ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Coherence Index ◽  
The Brain

Значимость биоэлектрической активности головного мозга в оценке функционального состояния нервной системы при цереброваскулярных заболеваниях широко известна. В настоящей работе показана характеристика биоэлектрической активности головного мозга у больных, перенесших острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения. В данной статье приведены данные о том, что у больных в остром и раннем восстановительном периодах церебрального инсульта биоэлектрическая активность головного мозга характеризовалась, в основном, десинхронным и дезорганизованным типами электроэнцефалограммы. Вместе с тем, отмечались, выраженная дельта и тета активность, а также единичные острые волны, спайки, преимущественно в пораженном полушарии головного мозга, реже в контралатеральном полушарии, межполушарная асимметрия, повышение мощности спектров в сторону преобладания медленных волн. Показатели индекса когерентности по всем отведениям были снижены, что свидетельствует о нарушении функциональных межполушарных взаимосвязей. Более значительное повышение индекса когерентности в дельта и тета диапазонах у пациентов, перенесших геморрагический инсульт, может указывать на более грубые межполушарные нарушения, в сравнении с ишемическим инсультом. Результаты исследования относительной спектральной плотности мощности диапазонов показали, что при геморрагическом инсульте отмечена более высокая дельта и бета активность, а также более значительное снижение мощности альфа ритма, в сравнении с ишемическим инсультом. В тоже время, отмечается повышение интегрального индекса диапазона низкочастотной медленно-волновой активности, особенно выраженное у больных с геморрагическим инсультом р<0,05. The significance of bioelectric activity of the brain in assessing the functional state of the nervous system in cerebrovascular diseases is widely known. In this paper, the characteristics of the bioelectric activity of the brain in patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders are shown. This article presents data that in patients with acute and early recovery periods of cerebral stroke , the bioelectric activity of the brain was characterized mainly by desynchronous and disorganized types of electroencephalogram. At the, same time, pronounced delta and theta activity was noted , as well as single acute waves, spikes, mainly in the affected hemisphere of the brain, less often in the contralateral hemisphere, interhemispheric asymmetry, increased spectral power in the direction of predominance of slow waves. The coherence index values for all leads were reduced, which indicates a violation of functional interhemispheric relationships. A more significant increase in the coherence index in the delta and theta ranges in patients who have had a hemorrhagic stroke may indicate more severe interhemispheric disorders compared to ischemic stroke. The results of the study of the relative spectral power density of the ranges showed, that in hemorrhagic stroke, there was a higher delta and beta activity, as well as a more significant decrease in the power of the alpha rhythm, in comparison with ischemic stroke. At the same time, there is an increase in the integral index of the range of low-frequency slow-wave activity, especially pronounced in patients with hemorrhagic stroke p < 0.05.

A computational model for blood perfusion in ischemic strokes

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050064
Author(s):  
Lanhua Zhang ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Mingfeng Yang ◽  
Shaowei Xue ◽  
Yujuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
Small World ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Vessel Injury ◽  
The Brain

Quantitative analysis is vital for blood perfusion in ischemic stroke validating and predicting blood trend to refer and remedy on selection, operation and intervention. We leveraged the complex network modeling blood perfusion to pursue the changes and trends of blood flow in ischemic stroke. According to conversion of the flow chart from laser Doppler perfusion images of rats into the correlation matrix, the blood perfusion networks were formed and topology characters were quantitatively analyzed. The results verified the steal phenomenon and the compensatory ability in the vessel injury in accord with clinical indexes by the basic characters and efficiency, especially the interesting local efficiency. In addition, the outcomes exhibited consistently the small-world characters in the brain of rats. This computational model strengthened the new way of blood perfusion and potential predictions for stroke’s assessment, operation and prevention from the basic vascular dynamic indexes and complex networks.

scholarly journals Monocyte Transmodulation: The Next Novel Therapeutic Approach in Overcoming Ischemic Stroke?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joohyun Park ◽  
Ji Young Chang ◽  
Jong Youl Kim ◽  
Jong Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Reparative Process ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Vital Element

The immune response following neuroinflammation is a vital element of ischemic stroke pathophysiology. After the onset of ischemic stroke, a specialized vasculature system that effectively protects central nervous system tissues from the invasion of blood cells and other macromolecules is broken down within minutes, thereby triggering the inflammation cascade, including the infiltration of peripheral blood leukocytes. In this series of processes, blood-derived monocytes have a significant effect on the outcome of ischemic stroke through neuroinflammatory responses. As neuroinflammation is a necessary and pivotal component of the reparative process after ischemic stroke, understanding the role of infiltrating monocytes in the modulation of inflammatory responses may offer a great opportunity to explore new therapies for ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss and highlight the function and involvement of monocytes in the brain after ischemic injury, as well as their impact on tissue damage and repair.

scholarly journals Modeling of the Human Cerebral Collateral Circulation: Evaluation of the Impact on the Cerebral Perfusion in Case of Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-536
Author(s):  
Lorena Krames ◽  
Rosa Daschner ◽  
Yannick Lutz ◽  
Axel Loewe ◽  
Olaf Dössel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Collateral Circulation ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStroke is the third-most cause of death in developed countries. A new promising treatment method in case of an ischemic stroke is selective intracarotid blood cooling combined with mechanical artery recanalization. However, the control of the treatment requires invasive or MRI-assisted measurement of cerebral temperature. An auspicious alternative is the use of computational modeling. In this work, we extended an existing 1D hemodynamics model including the characteristics of the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral artery. Furthermore, seven ipsilateral anastomoses were additionally integrated for each hemisphere. A potential stenosis was placed into the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery, due to the highest risk of occlusion there. The extended model was evaluated for various degrees of collateralization (“poor”, “partial” and “good”) and degrees of stenosis (0%, 50%, 75% and 99.9%). Moreover, cerebral autoregulation was considered in the model. The higher the degree of collateralization and the degree of stenosis, the higher was the blood flow through the collaterals. Hence, a patient with a good collateralization could compensate a higher degree of occlusion and potentially has a better outcome after an ischemic stroke. For a 99.9% stenosis, an increased summed mean blood flow through the collaterals of +97.7% was predicted in case of good collateralization. Consequently, the blood supply via the terminal branches of the middle cerebral artery could be compensated up to 44.4% to the physiological blood flow. In combination with a temperature model, our model of the cerebral collateral circulation can be used for tailored temperature prediction for patients to be treated with selective therapeutic hypothermia.

scholarly journals High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity Affects the Extent of Ischemic Lesions in Stroke Patients Due to Large-Vessel Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wiśniewski ◽  
Joanna Sikora ◽  
Agata Sławińska ◽  
Karolina Filipska ◽  
Aleksandra Karczmarska-Wódzka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Large Vessel Disease

Background: Excessive platelet activation and aggregation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. Correlation between platelet reactivity and ischemic lesions in the brain shows contradictory results and there are not enough data about the potential role of stroke etiology and its relationships with chronic lesions. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between platelet reactivity and the extent of ischemic lesions with the particular role of etiopathogenesis. Methods: The study involved 69 patients with ischemic stroke, including 20 patients with large-vessel disease and 49 patients with small-vessel disease. Evaluation of platelet reactivity was performed within 24 h after the onset of stroke using two aggregometric methods (impedance and optical), while ischemic volume measurement in the brain was performed using magnetic resonance imaging (in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences) at day 2–5 after the onset of stroke. Results: In the large-vessel disease subgroup, a correlation was found between platelet reactivity and acute ischemic focus volume (correlation coefficient (R) = 0.6858 and p = 0.0068 for DWI; R = 0.6064 and p = 0.0215 for FLAIR). Aspirin-resistant subjects were significantly more likely to have a large ischemic focus (Odds Ratio (OR) = 45.00, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.49–135.36, p = 0.0285 for DWI; OR = 28.00, 95% CI = 1.35–58.59, p = 0.0312 for FLAIR) than aspirin-sensitive subjects with large-vessel disease. Conclusion: In patients with ischemic stroke due to large-vessel disease, high on-treatment platelet reactivity affects the extent of acute and chronic ischemic lesions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document